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55000.pptxPart 121, Subpart M: Airman and crewmember requirement's
Casey Vincent Talent Development Consultant Republic Airways
14 CFR 121.381- Applies to all part 121 carriers
14 CFR 121. 381 are the requirements that the FAA places on Part 121 carriers in regard to mandatory staffing for certain safety critical functions.
These provision are primarily intended to ensure standardization in company operations as they relate to the various activities of operating complex, transport aircraft.
14 CFR 121.383 states that if a position requires the person filling it to have a particular certificate then the carrier is responsible for ensuring that the person actually has the required certificate and that it is current for performing the task.
Positions that require an airman certificate.
Cockpit crewmembers
Dispatchers
Mechanics
Certificate of Demonstrated Proficiency
Flight attendants are not considered certificated airman, but flight attendants must hold a certificate of demonstrated proficiency issued by the FAA.
Cockpit crewmembers, dispatcher and mechanics are required to carry these certificate on their person while engaged in operations that require the certificate. In addition he or she must be qualified for the operation for which he or she is to be used.
The FAA has the right to ensure that all personnel are properly certificated, so Section 121.383 require the airman to present any required certificate to any representative of the administrator.
Fair Treatment for Experienced Pilots Act(December 2007)
What do you think about the age 65 rule?
14 CFR 121.383(d)- Prohibits the use of pilots in Part 121 operations after they reach the age of 65 years old.
The original age 60 rule had been in effect since 1959.
Management liked the old rule because it ensured pilot seats were filled junior (lower paid) pilots.
Age 65 Rule
1. In November 2006 the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) raised the retirement limit to age 65. Raising the limit in the United States would align it with Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia.
2. There was no medical rational to support forcing pilots to retire at age 60.
3. Airline bankruptcies after the 9/11 terrorist attacks resulted in both the destruction of airline pilot pensions and pay cuts of close to 50 percent for many pilots.
4. Age discrimination lawsuits
5. Impending pilot shortage
(what happened to the pilots that turned 60 right after the new law)
Two Pilot operations
In the early 1920’s all flights were done with one pilot. In the 1930’s Boeing built the Boeing 247 with a two pilot cockpit. At first the second pilot was only used to assist with baggage handling, boarding and taking care of any task the Captain needed. Soon after World War II the airlines realized the importance of the second pilot and all airlines required two pilot to fly the aircraft.
Boeing 247 Cockpit(1930)
Flight Engineer
Due to the complexity of the DC-6 and the number of accidents the FAA required a Flight Engineer to be a part of the aircraft crew.
In the late 1940’s all four-engine aircraft and larger aircraft were required to have flight engineers during overwater operations and when the gross weigh of an aircraft exceeded 80,000 pounds
DC-6-(flight Engineer)
Light jet age
Douglas Aircraft sought to keep the gross weight under the 80,000 pound limit that had been placed as the threshold for requiring flight engineers to be part of the crew.
78,500 pounds.
However during the final development of the DC9 and DC10 the ramp weight topped out at well over 80,000 pounds.
Douglass successfully lobbied the CAA to discard the 80,000 pound, three –pilot limit during certification of the DC9
Pilot Unions did not like this change and did not think it was safe to fly such a complicated aircraft with only a crew of 2. Many unions refused to fly it.
Delta Airlines was the first was one of the first companies to get their union ALPA to fly the aircraft.
DC 9(1965)
DC 9-10
The DC-9-10 first flew on February 25, 1965 and gained its type certificate on November 23, to enter service with Delta Air Lines on December 8. With five seats across in economy, it had two rear-mounted Pratt & Whitney JT8D turbofans under a T-tail for a cleaner wing, a two-person flight deck and built-in airstairs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9
Since 1960 each aircraft has been certified on its own merit, not by an arbitrary weight limitation.
The last three-member crew aircraft were the 747 Classic, The Lockheed L-1011 Douglas DC10
All aircraft certified after 1970 are with two pilots.
14 CFR 121.385-389 states one pilot must be in command (PIC) and the other second-in-command (SIC)
If the certification requires a flight engineer, one person can’t be used as both a pilot and the flight engineer. One of the other crewmembers must be trained to perform the emergency functions of the flight engineer.
747 Classic
Lockheed L10-11
DC10
Colgan Flight 3407- Feb 2009
Public Law (PL) 111-216-Flight Crewmember screening and Qualifications
The FAA was directed by Congress to conduct a rule making proceeding to require Part 121 air carriers to develop and implement means and methods for ensuring that flight crewmember have proper qualification and experience-specifically, to require carrier to ensure that prospective flight crewmembers undergo comprehensive pre-employment screening.
This included an assessment of the skills, aptitude, airmanship and suitability of each application for a position as a fight crewmember in terms of functioning effectively in the air carrier operation.
Congress asserts power
Congress asserted its power to set the minimum licensing requirement for employment as an airline pilot.
Prior to the act, the minimum qualification needed to fly as a first officer in Part 121 operations was a commercial certificate with an instrument rating.
Congress mandated that an air carrier pilot have an airline transport pilot(ATP) certificate.
Congress also mandated that the FAA imposed a requirement that a pilot applicant must have “appropriate multi-engine flight experience and the FAA would determine what that level of experience would be.
Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Certification
Public Law 111-216, Section 217- Air Transport Pilot Certification
ICAO requirements for an international valid ATP certificate were already set at 1,500 flight hours.
1960- hiring pilots with no experience
1990- hiring pilots at 4,500 hours
Upgrade to Captain
When 1500 hours was announced the University Aviation Association challenged the ruling. Since the challenged the ruling lowered the restricted ATP to 1000 hours.
ATP CTP
Beginning July 31, 2014, pilots must complete an Airline Transport Pilot Certification Training Program (ATP CTP) before taking the ATP written exam. The course will train pilots on how to fly in an airline environment, including ground and flight training in a flight simulator (or FSTD). The FAA expects that most regional airlines will add this course to their initial training programs. You will probably take this course once you're hired at a regional.
ATP Hour requirement
Unless otherwise exempt, you must have 1,500 hours before applying for an ATP certificate, including 500 hours of cross-country time, 100 hours of night time, 50 hours in the class of airplane for the rating, 75 hours of instrument time, and 250 hours of time as pilot in command.
Restricted ATP
Graduates from approved four-year universities with a Bachelor's degree and an aviation major need only 1000 hours total flight time and 200 hours cross-country time if they:Complete at least 60 credit hours of aviation related coursework, and
Hold a Commercial Pilot Certificate that was earned through the university's part 141 training program
If they complete less than 60 credit hours, but at least 30 credit hours, they need 1250 hours total flight time and 200 hours cross-country time
Military Pilots
Military pilots need only 750 hours total flight time and 200 hours cross-country time
First officer requirements to fly Part121 operations
Must hold an ATP certificate or restricted ATP (R-ATP) certificate.
Must be 21 years old
Bachelors or associated degree with an aviation major from an approved accredited institution. (Utah State University)
Institution has a Letter of Authorization (LOA) from the FAA- Authorization Certificate.
1000 hours – Bachelors Degree
1,250 hours Associates Degree
50 hours of multi engine flight- max of 25 hours in a full flight simulator
ATP CTP- Airline Transport Pilot Certification Training Program
Medical Certificate for RATP
Second-class medical certificate is required in most Part 121 operations even though they now must hold an ATP certificate.
A first class medical certificate is required for first officer (SIC) in a Part 121 flag or supplemental operation that required three or more pilots( FEDEX)
ATP Qualifications
Must be at least 23 years old
Hold a commercial pilot certificate with instrument rating
Must have successfully complete an ATP Certification Training Program (CTP) prior to taking the ATP knowledge test
Pass the ATP knowledge test and practical test
Have a least 1,500 hours total time as a pilot
Have minimum of 50 hours in class of airplane.
R-Atp
Must be at least 21 years old
Hold a commercial pilot certificate with instrument rating
Must have successfully complete an ATP certification training program prior to taking the ATP knowledge test
Pas the ATP knowledge test and practical test
Have a least
1,500 total time as a pilot
1,250 hours total time as pilot and an associates degree with an aviation major
1000 hours total time as pilot and a bachelor’s degree with an aviation major
750 hours total time as military-training pilot.
Captain
Hold an ATP certificate with appropriate aircraft type rating
Hold a first class medical certificate
Have a minimum of 1,000 flight hours in air carrier operations as a First officer (SIC) in carrier operations as a First Officer(SIC) in Part 121 operations, or as Captain in Part 135 turbojet, commuter, or 10 or more passenger seat operation.
First Officer (SIC) in Part 121
Hold an ATP certificate with type rating of aircraft flown or
Hold a R-ATP and type rating for aircraft flown and
Hold at least a second class medical certificate.
FAA Advisory Circular 61-138
Discuss the creation of the Airline Transport Pilot Certification training program. - ATP- CTP
The ATP-CTP is a prerequisite for the FAA’s highest certificate and includes training in
Aerodynamics
Automation
Adverse weather conditions
Air carrier operations
Transport airplane performance
Professionalism
Leadership and development
Academic training
The applicant for the knowledge test must receive at least 30 hours of classroom instruction that includes the following
At least 8 hours of instruction on aerodynamics including high altitude operation
At least 2 hours of instruction on meteorology, including adverse weather phenomena and weather detection systems
At least 14 hours of instruction on air carrier operations, including the following areas: Physiology, communications, checklist philosophy, operation control, minimum equipment list, ground operation, turbine engine transport category aircraft, automation
At least 6 hours of instruction on leadership, professional development crew resource management and safety culture.
Flight simulation training device
The applicant for the knowledge test must receive at least 10 hours of training in a flight simulation training device qualified under part 60 of this chapter that represents a multiengine turbine airplane.
At leas 6 hours of training in a level C or higher full flight simulator- Low energy states/stalls- upset recover techniques-adverse weather conditions including icing , thunderstorms and crosswind with gust
The remaining flight simulation training device may be completed in a level 4 or higher flight simulation training device- Navigation including flight management system, automation including auto flight.
Flight Attendant requirements
Certificate of Demonstrated Proficiency
In 2003 congress established a flight attendant certification requirement as part of the Vision 100- Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act.
The Act required that after December 11, 2004 no person could serve as a flight attendant aboard an aircraft of an air carrier unless that person held a certificate of demonstrate proficiency from the FAA
Flight attendants are not required to carry the certificate while in performance of their duties.
If requested, fight attendants shall present their certificate to the FAA.
Aircraft must be evacuated within 90 seconds.
1 per 50 policy
FCC Restricted Radio Operator Permit
Step 1 – With FCC, you have to first register for FRN Number – FCC Registration Number on CORES (Commission Registration System) Here is a link to get one –
https://apps.fcc.gov/coresWeb/publicHome.do
Step 2 – Log on to FCC’s license management system(using the login information you created in step 1), and select RR – Restricted Radiotelephone from the drop down menu. Here is a link to license management site –
https://wireless2.fcc.gov/UlsEntry/licManager/login.jsp
Answer No to all 3 questions on the next page, go through couple other steps including certification, pay the fee and you are done. (click the pic on the right)
Interview Workshop
Jillian Morley, M.Ed., Career Services, Career Coach,
Utah State University
University Inn, ground level
Logan UT, 84322-4305
435-797-8526
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jillianmorley1
FCC Restricted Radio Operator Permit
Airline Apps
https://www.airlineapps.com/account/logoff.asp?id=62798652101761882928201964946
