543 study question 4

KAZDIN 2021 CHAPTER 13 STUDY QUESTIONS

Graphing: Basic Types of Graphs

1. For each type of graph used in single-case research, the dependent measure is plotted on the o__________________________ and the data are plotted over time, as represented on the a_______________________________.

2. Typical ordinate (y-axis) values include such labels as:

a. F_____________________________

b. P____________________

c. N___________________

3. Typical abscissa (x-axis) values include:

a. S____________________

b. D___________________

c. W__________________

d. ____________________

4. List and describe the types of graphs discussed by Kazdin in this chapter.

Type of Graph	Describe

Data Evaluation Through Visual Inspection

1. Data evaluation consists of describing and making _____________ about the changes in behavior. Data evaluation focuses on whether the change is r____________, and not due to _________________ fluctuations in performance.

2. The experimental criterion refers to _____________________________________.

3. The applied criterion refers to whether the changes ______________________

4. Evaluation through visual inspection depends heavily on g_________ the data.

5. The horizontal lines in the graphs below that are going through the data indicate changes in______________ which are an index of the average level of performance:

a. Means

b. Level

c. Trend

6. For the graph below, describe the slope for the data in each condition, that is, indicate whether the slope is accelerating, decelerating, or not showing any change (horizontal slope):

First A condition ___________________________________

First B condition____________________________________

Second A condition_________________________________

Second B condition _________________________________

7. List and describe at least two descriptive aids for visual inspection discussed by Kazdin in this chapter.

· ______________________________________________________________

· ______________________________________________________________

8. What does Kazdin say about the importance of assessing level, trend, and variability in the data?

Level
Trend
Variability

9. List and briefly describe, in 1-2 sentences 4 problems with visual inspection.

Problem	Description
Search for marked effects

10. The slope and variation of slopes play a critical role to d___________, t__________, and p_____________________ and apply v____________ I_________________ criteria.

11. If there is discontinuity or an abrupt change in performance indicated by the data, across conditions, we say there is a shift in l____________________.

12. L______________ refers to the period of time between the onset of the condition and the change in performance. If this period of time is short, what does that tell you about the intervention effect?____________________________________. How about if it is relatively long?

13. If a high proportion of data points in one condition overlap with data points in another condition, what does this tell you about the strength of the intervention effect?______________________________________________________________. Now, in another graph, through your visual inspection, you see that none of the data points overlaps across conditions, what does this tell you about the strength of the intervention effect? _________________________________________________

14. A reduction in the variability of the data indicates an i___________________________. e______________________________________.

15. In visual inspection, consistency refers to ____________________________________.

Cooper Chapter 6 Study Questions

1. ____________ are relatively simple formats for visually displaying relationships between a series of measurements and relevant variables.

2. Graphic displays provide seven benefits to behavior analysts, including:

a. Immediate access to an ongoing visual record of behavior that enables treatment and experimental decisions to be responsive to performance.

b. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

f. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

g. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Label the eight parts of this simple line graph

1.___________________________________

2.___________________________________

3.___________________________________

4.___________________________________

5.___________________________________

6.___________________________________

7.___________________________________

8.___________________________________

4. Graphs with multiple data paths on the same set of axes can be used to show:

1. Two or more dimensions of the same behavior

2. Two or more different ___________________

3. Measures of the same behavior under different______________________

4. Changing values of the___________________________________

5. The same behavior of two or more___________________________________

Constructing Line Graphs

5. The _____________________ axis is drawn to a length approximately 2/3 of the horizontal axis.

6. The horizontal axis is marked in e________________ _i_________________, representing the chronological succession of equal _______________ periods within which behavior was measured,

7. The vertical axis is scaled relative to:

a. _______________________________________

b. _______________________________________

c. _______________________________________

8. What do condition change lines indicate?

______________________________________________________________________

9. When multiple data paths are used different g___________________ S_______________ are used to distinguish each data set.

10. Successive of data point should not be connected when:

a. ___________________________________

b. ___________________________________

c. ___________________________________

d. ___________________________________

e. ___________________________________

f. ___________________________________

11. Graph should be printed in ________________ ink only.

Visual Analysis Within Conditions

12. There are a number of considerations when determining the quantity of data during each condition. These are as follows:

a. As a general rule, the more measurement of the dependent variable per unit of time and the longer the period of time in which the measurement occurred, the more____________________________________________________________.

b. The number of data points needed to provide a believable record during a given condition also depends upon___________________________________.

c. Briefer phases are required experiments investigating relations between previously studied and will establish variables if the results are also_______________________________________________________.

d. More data are needed to demonstrate new_________________________.

e. What other exceptions are there to the rule of the more data the better?:

i. ______________________________________________________

ii. ______________________________________________________