American history Assignment due in 7 hours
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52308_4293951_TheDeclineoftheNewDealCoalition.pptxThe Fracturing of the New Deal Coalition
The “credibility” issue: Many will increasingly distrust what their government tells them. The Vietnam War will indicate to many that their government cannot be trusted.
In the 1950s, many regarded the government as the engine of growth. Between the 1950s and 1960s, however, many began to grow suspicious of government action. Rather than providing for an improved
McCarthyism
Student Activism
Students for a More Democratic Society
“The Port Huron Statement,” 1962
“We are people of this generation, bred in at least modest comfort, housed now in universities, looking uncomfortably to the world we inherit.”
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
How did fear of foreign communism help to shape post-war American culture? Why were many concerned that the effort to fight communism overseas my have a negative impact on Freedom and democracy at home?
The Civil Rights Era or the Black Freedom Movement
Historians have had a tendency to isolate the events of the late 1950s and the 1960s from the broader chronology of African Americans pushing for civil rights.
The Life of Ella Baker
Ella Baker’s life demonstrates the difficulty of limiting the civil rights era to the 1950s and 1960s.
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
From Chief Justice Earl Warren’s decision: “We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors may be equal deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does.”
The Actions of Civil Rights Activists also helped to build momentum for Civil Rights
Montgomery Bus Boycotts, 1955 -- largely failed to get national attention.
Violence in other places around the South, however, provided powerful images for the national media.
Little Rock, Arkansas
In 1957, President Eisenhower sent the 101 Airborne division to enforce a court order forcing integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Woolworth Sit Ins
In 1960, four black college students from North Carolina A&T in Greensboro decided to sit at the “whites only” counter in their local F.W. Woolworth and order coffee and doughnuts.
For the Michigan students who would organize the SDS in 1962, it seemed like an advance for democracy and were excited about joining the movement to topple Jim Crow in the United States.
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
How was the “sit-in” movement of 1960 an outgrowth of earlier protests? What major differences divided the various groups—SNCC, SCLC, NAACP, CORE, and others—that were active in protesting against white supremacy in the 1960s?
Violence in Birmingham
Growing Pressures on the Democratic Party
In the 1960s, the Democratic Party would suffer the impossible challenge of defeating communism, satisfying the concerns of student activists, meeting the demands of African American activists and keeping the political support of suburban America.
For a growing conservative movement, the Democratic Party was increasingly implicated in the kinds of protests that they believed were tearing a nation apart.
The Vietnam Conflict
French colonization and the abandonment of Vietnam by France after the defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954
Two separate Vietnams were set up in the peace negotiations.
Eisenhower responded to the situation by sending military advisors to the South.
Kennedy and the War on Communism
In 1960, Kennedy won a very close election with Richard Nixon.
Democrats tended to be sensitive to the claim that they were soft on communism
Kennedy took a hard line with the Castro revolution in Cuba in 1959. In 1961, Kennedy sent Cuban refugees trained by the CIA back into Cuba to try and foment a counter-revolution
Kennedy and Escalation in Vietnam
Kennedy also hoped to draw upon a newly trained group of soldiers known as the “Green Berets”
Kennedy the Cold Warrior
Increased funding for NASA seen as a military necessity
Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.
Domestic Agenda
Kennedy made promises to Civil Rights activists that their demands would be met with new legislation, but little was actually accomplished
The Johnson Administration
Became President in 1963 after the assassination of Kennedy.
Had much more success in getting his agenda passed through Congress than Kennedy.
Accomplishments of the 1960s
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Johnson’s Domestic Program
Johnson’s “Great Society” and his war on poverty
Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 1965
The creation of Medicare and Medicaid
Aid to Families with Dependent Children, 1964
“Head Start”
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
What were the policies of Lyndon Johnson?
Escalation in Vietnam and Further Splintering in the New Deal Coalition
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 1964
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
Why did Johnson escalate America’s commitment in Vietnam?
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S. (1964)
Part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination by restaurants, motels, movie theaters, etc.
Supreme Court ruled in favor of the United States: “It is said that the operation of the motel here is of a purely local character. But…the power of Congress to promote interstate commerce also includes the power to regulate the local incidents thereof.”
Orange County, California and the Rise of a new Conservatism
Much of the change taking place within the Republican Party reflected grassroots efforts in the new suburban centers around the country.
Proposition 14
Proposition 14 of 1964 passed by wide margins in the suburbs – “Neither the State nor any subdivision or agency thereof shall deny, limit or abridge, directly or indirectly, the right of any person, who is willing or desires to sell, lease or rent any part or all of his real property, to decline to sell, lease or rent such property to such person or persons as he, in his absolute discretion, chooses.”
Increasing Conservatism of the Suburbs
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
Why did many suburbanites grow suspicious of government intervention in the economy during the 1960s?
A Nation Coming Apart
By the Johnson administration, Democratic domestic programs were pulling the nation apart.
The war in Vietnam escalated divisions within the Democratic Party.
Barry Goldwater and the Election of 1964
Goldwater lost miserably to Johnson, but his candidacy demonstrated the ways that Republicans were changing in the the 60s and 70s.
The political map also indicated the changes taking place within the Democratic Party’s voters. Noticeably, Southern States were switching their political allegiance.
The Tet Offensive, 1968
In 1967, the military assured the American people that they were nearing victory in South Vietnam.
The Farm
Inspired by the counterculture of young people in the late 1960s, a group of about 100 to 200 individuals purchased land in rural Tennessee and started a utopian community in the early 1970s.
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
Why did many Americans feel that their government was not telling them the whole truth about the war? How did many in the younger generation respond to their frustrations with the Vietnam War?
The Black Panther Movement in Oakland
On an afternoon in May of 1967, members of the newly organized Black Panther party presented their demands at the capitol in Sacramento armed with rifles.
Among their calls for community empowerment, the Black Panther Party called for “full employment for our people” and “decent housing” reflected both the Black Panther Party’s sense that black urban areas had become the colonies of the white suburbs.
Race Riots in the late 1960s
Johnson a Confused and Beaten Man
“Hey, Hey, LBJ, How many kids did you kill today”
Because of his growing unpopularity, Johnson chose not to run for reelection in 1968.
The Chicago, Democratic Convention of 1968
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
Why were so many people around the nation upset with Johnson in 1968?
