book analysis the master plan
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5-RiskandProtectiveFactors--ForClasses1.pptxRisk and Protective Factors
Risk Factors For Violence and Delinquency in the Community
Prevention approaches seek to interrupt the processes that cause problem behavior.
Research over the past 30 years has identified risk factors for delinquency and violence, as well as protective factors that buffer an individual against risk factors and inhibit the development of behavior problems.
The Literature
22 Researchers brought together for 2 years
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention-Coordinated
Analyzed current research on risk and protective factors in the development of serious youth violence
Synthesis of 66 studies and other research reports
Cumulative impact
Individual Factors
Pregnancy and delivery complications
Low resting heart rate
Internalizing disorders
Hyperactivity concentration problems, restlessness, and risk taking
Hawkins, J. D., Herrenkohl, T.I., Farrington, D.B., Catalano, R.F., Harachi, T.W., & Cothern, L. Predictors of Youth Violence. Juvenile Justice Bulletin, April 2000, 1-11. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice
Individual Factors
Aggressiveness
Early initiation of violent behavior
Involvement in other forms of anti-social behavior
Beliefs and attitudes favorable to deviant or antisocial behavior
Family Factors
Parental criminality
Child maltreatment
Poor family management factors
Low levels of parental involvement
Family Factors
Poor Family bonding and family conflict
Parental attitudes favorable to substance use and violence
Parent-child separation
School Factors
Academic failure
Low bonding
Truancy and dropping out of school
Frequent school transitions
Community and Neighborhood Factors
Poverty
Community disorganization
Availability of drugs and firearms
Neighborhood adults involved in crime
Exposure to violence and racial prejudice
Peer-related Factors
Delinquent siblings
Delinquent peers
Gang membership
Damaged Development: Early Childhood
Marked poverty and chaotic household
Mother’s mental illness
Abandoned by father
Placement in multiple foster homes
Damaged Development: Late Adolescence
Increasing alcohol and poly-drug dependence
Serious head injuries
Failure of school, work, and romantic efforts
The Cumulative Effect
Risk
Continue
To Impact Development
Confinement
Poverty
Drug Use
Abuse
Poor Family Management
Abuse
Poverty
Drug Use
Poor Family Management
Confinement
Emotionally Damaging
The influence of the family environment on the child’s social development lasts a lifetime.
Can seriously affect a person’s physical and intellectual development and can lead to severe difficulties.
More likely= adult criminal behavior, delinquency, and violent behavior
Especially w/o the proper treatment.
Emotionally Damaging
Inadequate structure, supervision and guidance
Domestic Violence
Psychological disorder- among family members or parents
Teenage onset of alcohol and/or drug dependence
Emotionally Damaging
Family Distress from generation to generation
Teenage mother
Paternal alcoholism
Observed domestic violence
Emotional and physical abuse
Father abandonment
Protective Factors
Individual Characteristics
Female gender
Intelligence
Positive social orientation
Resilient temperament
.
Social Bonding to Individuals and Institutions
Pro-social family members
Teachers, coaches, youth leaders
Friends
Schools
Youth Organizations
Healthy Beliefs and Clear Standards for Behavior
Promotion of non-violence
Modeling drug abstinence
Healthy Development: Early Childhood
Secure, stable relationship with parents.
Neurologically and developmentally healthy.
Continued security and stability across childhood.
Supportive parental involvement in expanding competencies.
Peer participation, friendships, teamwork
Healthy Development: Middle Childhood
Healthy Development : Late Adolescence-Early Adulthood
Intact capabilities and available opportunities.
Adult mentoring, assistance and guidance.
Healing
Can always be put in place
Trauma can be healed (exposed)
Changes in life style
Family support
Healthy coping mechanisms
Healthy support systems = family
