PICOT question

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© Copyright 2013‐2020, Helene Fuld Health Trust National Institute for Evidence‐based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare. Adapted with permission, from Evidence‐based practice in nursing and healthcare. (Appendix B; p. 539‐ 50), by Melnyk, Bernadette Mazurek, and Fineout‐Overholt, Ellen. Wolters Kluwer Health, 2015 and with permission, from Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Evidence‐based Decision Making Group: LEGEND system, 2006‐2013.

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Project title:

Date:

Reviewer(s) name(s):

PICOT Question:

Article citation (APA):

Indicate the level of the study you are appraising:

Recommendation for article inclusion in the body of evidence to answer your question:

1. Purpose of study, including research question(s) or hypotheses:

2. Design/Method:

3. Sample:

4. Setting:

5. Data Collection:

RAPID CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

PROJECT DESCRIPTION/LEVEL OF STUDY

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF STUDY

OVERVIEW

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1. Were the study/survey methods appropriate for the question? Yes No Unknown

2. Were the study/survey methods clearly described? Yes No Unknown

3. Were instruments used to measure the outcomes valid Yes No Unknown and reliable?

 Were the instruments tested to be valid and reliable? Yes No  What statistic was reported and what was the finding? (Cronbach’s alpha/Other?)

4. Were all appropriate variables and interventions clearly described? Yes No Unknown

5. Were outcomes appropriate for the question? Yes No Unknown

6. Were outcomes clearly described? Yes No Unknown

7. Was sampling clearly described? Yes No Unknown

QUALITY OF STUDY

VALIDITY: Are the results of the study valid?

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8. Were all participants accounted for throughout the Yes No Unknown duration of the study?

 What was the rate of attrition? ___________  What reasons were given to explain why subjects did not complete the study?

(Note: If greater than 20% were lost to follow-up, bias may be of greater concern)

9. Was there freedom from conflict of interest? Yes No Unknown  Sponsor/funding agency  Investigators

10. Was the date range of the cited literature current? Yes No Unknown  What date ranges were included? ?_____ to _____

o If older literature was included, why was it included?

11. What were the results?

12. Was measurement of the intervention(s) appropriate? Yes No Unknown

13. Was measurement of the intervention(s) clearly defined? Yes No Unknown

14. Was measurement of the outcome(s) appropriate? Yes No Unknown

RELIABILITY: Are these valid study results important?

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15. Was measurement of the outcome(s) clearly defined? Yes No Unknown

16. Did the study have a sufficiently large sample size? Yes No Unknown  Was a power analysis conducted? Yes No  Did the sample size achieve or exceed the power analysis requirement? Yes No  Did each subgroup also have sufficient sample size? Yes No

17. What were the main results of the study?  Statistical Significance (p value) _________  Confidence Interval and/or Standard Deviations _________  How precise was the intervention/treatment?

o Narrow? Wide? _________  Effect size _________

18. Were the results clinically significant? Yes No Unknown  Were the following reported: NNT, NNH, OR, RR? Yes No

19. Were potential confounders identified? Yes No Unknown

 Were the potential confounders discussed in relationship to the results? Yes No

20. Were safety concerns including risks/benefits identified? Yes No Unknown

 Were they described? Yes No

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21. Can the results be applied to my population of interest? Yes No Unknown  Is the treatment feasible in my care setting? Yes No  Do the outcomes apply to my population of interest? Yes No  Are the likely benefits worth the potential harm and costs? Yes No  Were the subjects/participants in this study similar to my population of interest? Yes No  Were all clinically important outcomes considered? Yes No

22. Will you include the article/study in your practice decision Yes No Unknown to make a difference in outcomes?

 If yes, why would you do this & how would you do this?  If no, why would you not include the results to make a difference?

Level of study: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII (Select one)

Quality of study: High | Medium | Low (Select one)

What is the strength of the study?

What is your recommendation for article inclusion in the body of evidence to answer your question? Include this article in the body of evidence (place article on evaluation & synthesis tables) Do NOT include this article in the body of evidence

Additional Comments:

APPLICABILITY/TRANSFERABILITY: Can I apply these valid, important study results?

STRENGTH OF STUDY

STRENGTH = LEVEL + QUALITY

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Level of Study: [I]
Quality of Study: [Low]