Health final essay problems. 5 problems, minimum 100 words EACH
Sylviameng
4StagesofAlcoholUse.ppt4 Stages of Alcohol Use
*Information taken from the Prevention Research Institute
Prime for Life Risk-Reduction Program
Stage One Low Risk
- 0-2 Drinks Daily 0-3 in not Daily
- No more than one drink per hour
- No risk for impairment problems/long term health problems due to use.
Stage Two High Risk Infrequent
4 or more drinks in a sitting for a woman
5 or more drinks in a sitting for a man
Move into Stage Two because of:
Celebration, Holiday, Special Occasion
Warning Signs:
2 or more blackouts in a month, short term memory loss, increased tolerance
Making High Risk Choices on a Regular Basis
People who start to make high risk drinking choices on a regular basis will eventually move into Stage 3.
Remember Stage 2 in Infrequent behavior or unplanned or unexpected behavior.
If you are making high risk drinking choices on more than two occasions in a month that is a sign of moving into Stage3.
Stage Three Dependence
The individual is dependent on the Drinking Ritual, they are not yet an alcoholic.
Many in Stage 3 will have enablers who support their high risk drinking choices.
All of their friends drink to the same level, have had judicial, legal, social, academic and financial problems.
Other drug use may become more regular.
This is where the gateway effect may come into play.
NO ONE CAN STAY IN STAGE 3 FOREVER
Stage Three Dependence
50% of the people in Stage 3 will move back to low risk choices due to a life changing event.
Of the 50% who remain in Stage 3 some will Die.
Those who do not die or move back to low-risk will eventually move to Stage 4.
Moving into Stage 4 is considered crossing the “Trigger Level” or the point at which a diagnosis could be made.
Stage Four Alcoholism
The individual has crossed the “Trigger Level” into addiction.
What are the Choices?
Detox, treatment, rehab and aftercare.
Continue behavior and die of what didn’t kill you before.
Develop and eventually die of an alcohol related illness.
Alcoholism
- Alcohol addiction is a complex disease that results from a variety of genetic, social, and environmental influences. Alcoholism affected approximately 32 million or 30% producing severe economic, social, and medical ramifications. NIAAA, 2015
- Three medications have been FDA–approved for treating alcohol dependence: naltrexone, Campral, and disulfiram.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hKmYthx718
Family History
Parent or Grandparent with alcoholism or alcohol related problems
Unusual early response to alcohol
Extended family members, brothers, sisters, aunts and uncles with alcoholism or alcohol related problems
Low-Risk Guidelines
No to all 3: 0-2 daily 0-3 if not daily
no more that 1 per hour
Yes to 1: 2 not daily, no more
than one per hour
Yes to 1
& 2 or 3 0
Individual Differences
- Individual differences change how your body reacts to alcohol and increase impairment.
- Small body size/muscle mass
- Gender
- Age
- Altitude
- Other Drugs
Individual Differences
- Illness or Tiredness
- Empty Stomach
- Mental Health Status
- What’s High Risk About being Impaired?
- What’s Harmful About High Risk Drinking If People Don’t Become Impaired?
What Is A Drink?
- 12oz. of Beer is equal to….
- 4-5 oz. of Wine is equal to …
- Liquor
- 80 Proof (40% Alcohol).......................................... 1-1/2 ounce shot
- 100 Proof (50% Alcohol)………………. 1 ounce shot
Carbonated mixers cause more impairment that food based mixers
This is approximately one-half once of pure alcohol
What Is A Drink?
- Beer/Malt Liquor (8% alcohol)……………… 6 Ounces
***40oz bottle = 6.4 drinks***
- Wine
- Bottle (25.6 ounces at 10% alcohol)….. 5 standard drinks
- Magnum (64 ounces at 10% alcohol)..….12.8 standard drinks
- Box Wine is equal to 4-5 standard bottles
- Wine Coolers*(5-7% alcohol)………………. . .8-10 ounces
**Includes Bacardi Breezers, sky, ciders, etc.) **Three 12ounce bottles at 7% alcohol = 4.5 drinks**
- Number of Standard Drinks per Keg
Keg (31 gallons, 12 ounce cups) ………330 standard drinks
Caffeine and Alcohol
- Mixing caffeine and alcohol can increase the risk of alcohol poisoning. Since caffeine makes people feel “less drunk” than they really are, they tend to drink more than they should.
- Mixing alcohol and caffeine can make your heart rate and blood pressure rise.
- Caffeine and alcohol are both diuretics, leading to dehydration (and really bad hangovers).
Caffeine and Alcohol
- Caffeine can make you feel energetic even if you’re drunk. Why is this dangerous? Because people can be “tricked” into thinking they are alert enough to do things like drive a car, when they really aren’t.
- Adding caffeine to alcohol can make drinking alcohol all the more addictive.
- Before you drink read the label.
Drunkorexia
- so named because it straddles the line between an alcohol disorder and an eating disorder
- The practice involves skipping meals, exercising heavily before drinking alcohol, taking laxatives or diuretics, or vomiting after imbibing
Alcohol & Sexual Assault
- Over 80% of sexual assaults on college campuses involve alcohol.
- Alcohol is the number 1 Acquaintance/Date rape drug.
- Contributing factors……………
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2eTOtB7dSc
Alcohol & Sexual Assault
Ohio Revised Code:
Occur on a continuum of intrusion and violation
ANY unwanted sexual behavior
If permission has NOT been given
or
the s/he does not want to engage in the activity
or
is mentally impaired, intoxicated, tricked, coerced,
or
pressured into the behavior,
then it is sexual assault.
Alcohol & Sexual Assault
- If YOU are charged judicially with…
- A sexual violation Expect a minimum of
1 semester suspension
- If there was physical Expect a minimum of
contact 1 year suspension
- If there was penetration Expect expulsion
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cI3IdHtCjc
Caring for a Drunk Person
- Cut them off!
- Provide high-protein foods & bottled water.
- Keep your distance. Before approaching or touching, explain your intent and concern.
- Try to get as much info as you can about how much they have consumed and what other drugs they are using.
- Stay with someone who is vomiting. When laying down make sure to put him/her on their side.
- Monitor the persons breathing.
- If you are unsure you can handle the situation call 911.
- If the person is in a life threatening health crisis call 911.
Alcohol Overdose
- Warning Signs:
- Difficulty Breathing- Slow, less than 8 breaths per minute or irregular with 10 or more seconds between each breath.
- Passed out or Stuporous- Semiconscious or unconscious and can not be awakened.
- Dehydrated- Bluish tint of the lips and fingernails.
- Cold and clammy skin.
- Vomiting while sleeping or passed out.
For more info www.ohio.edu/alcohol
Medical Emergency Assistance
- What does MEA provide?
- A Medical Emergency Assistance Program would allow a student experiencing an alcohol or other drug overdose to receive medical attention without judicial charge. It would also remove judicial charges for those who assisted the student in need if they had been in violation of an alcohol or drug policy.
- How will MEA support current environmental strategies to reduce high-risk drinking?
- According to a recent survey, 94% of students surveyed said that they would not call for help in a medical emergency involving alcohol or other drugs. The students experiencing these emergencies did not receive any type of interventions. MEA will provide appropriate interventions to students experiencing medical emergencies, caringly confronting their high-risk behaviors.
MEA
Why Is High-Risk Use A Problem?
- Ohio University Students reported the following experiences from their own drinking:
18% missed class at least once
16% had unprotected sexual activity
26% did something they regretted
- Ohio University Students reported the following experiences from other students’ drinking:
45% had studying or sleep interrupted
51% had to care for a drunk person
3% were taken advantage of sexually
Taken from the Healthy Campus Survey (Spring 19)
Alcohol Edu Data Fall 2019
survey 1 survey 3
Summer Fall
- Moderate Drinkers 23% 23%
1-5 drinks on one occasion least one occasion in the past two weeks
- High Risk Drinkers 17% 22%
5-9 drinks on at least one occasion in the past two weeks
- Problematic Drinkers 6% 9%
10+ drinks on at least one occasion in the past two weeks
- Abstainers 25% 24%
- 0 drinks in the last year
- Nondrinker 26% 19%
0 drinks in the last two weeks
- The College Effect
The Healthy Campus Majority
- 82% Of Ohio University students are in the Healthy Drinking Majority
- 13% Abstainer
- 21% Nondrinker
- 48% Moderate Drinker
Source, Health Campus Survey Spring 2019
The Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA)
The minimum legal drinking age (MLDA), also referred to as the Age 21 laws, refers to the Uniform Drinking Age Act of 1984.
In 2013, 10,076 people died in drunk driving crashes. One every 52 minutes. 290,000 were injured in drunk driving crashes.
The Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA)
Citizen advocacy groups responded to this evidence by pressuring legislators to raise the MLDA back to 21, prompting passage of the Uniform Drinking Age Act of 1984.
All states had restored an age-21 MLDA by 1988, once again providing researchers with many natural experiments to assess effects of these policy changes on alcohol consumption and related problems among.
There seems to be support for lowering the legal drinking age – is this true?
- According to an ABC News/Washington Post poll conducted in 2005, the majority (78 percent) of Americans, youth and adults, support the age 21 drinking law.4 In fact, 73 percent of young adults under the age of 34 oppose allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink.4
- A 2001 Associated Press poll found that fully three-quarters of adults and teens alike thought the drinking age should be enforced more vigorously.3
- "The current age restriction was signed into law by President Reagan on July 17, 1984. Its support today is nearly identical to its level then -- 79 percent in a Gallup poll in June '84."4
Alcohol Consumption Patterns of Women
Women 21 to 34 years of age were least likely to report alcohol-related problems if they had stable marriages and were working full time.
Women tend to marry men whose drinking habits match their own.
Between 35 to 49 years of age, the heaviest drinkers were divorced or separated women without children.
Between 50 to 64 years of age, the heaviest drinkers were women whose husbands/partners drank heavily.
Women 65 and older comprised less than 10% of drinkers with drinking problems.
Women who have one drink per day have an increased risk of breast cancer compared to those who do not drink.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpWObPOux-M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RU1zQ6a3ziA
FASD Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
- Fetal alcohol syndrome FAS
- Fetal alcohol effect FAE, not a diagnosis
- Alcohol is the second leading cause of premature death in America.
- The CDC reports – about 3.3 million US women, 15-44 years, are at risk of exposing their developing baby to alcohol.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7zfJCW9Yco&t=5s
FASD Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
- Approximately $176 billion is spent annually dealing with social and health problems related to alcohol use.
- More recent reports from specific U.S. sites found the prevalence of FAS to be 2 to 7 cases per 1,000 CDC estimates 1,000 to 6,000 births each year,24 and the prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) to be as high as 20 to 50 cases per 1,000.25
The Circle of Hope: A Mentoring Network for Birth Mothers
- A strong international network that will work to mentor women who are struggling with addiction or have used alcohol or other drugs while pregnant. Most members have a child or children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).
- Goals:
1.To improve and strengthen the lives of birth families
2. To provide peer support for birth families
3. To decrease the stigma, blame and shame that birth families may experience
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bd3tsHOzTr0
