homework

Introduction: Comment by Syed Hashsham: Let us talk about what this chapter should look like. As written it does NOT satisfy the requirements!

Engineering Dean Leo Kempel led to the construction of one new engineering and digital innovation building and the board unanimously also approved it during the meeting on June 24, 2022. In his opinion, this will better support the requirements of students and could also provide technical support for the new area which is not related to the campus before which include quantum engineering, advanced manufacturing, and semiconductors. This will provide a better space for more and more students in MsuMSU. The location is at the current urban landscape building. This project is set by six colleges and six areas. The colleges are Eli Broad College of Business, the Colleges of Arts and Letters, Communication Arts and Sciences, Engineering, Natural Science, and Social Science, and the six areas are hydrology, environment, structures, pavement, transportation, and geotechnology. Comment by Syed Hashsham: Always write the full form at first instance and then abbreviate at subsequent uses e.g., Michigan State University (MSU)...

For students’ safe and healthy each area has its regulations. But transportation, water, and the environment are much more important in all of the areas that need to care about. For the transportation part, it needs to fix the regulations of MDOT, AASHTO, and Ingham County. Those will make sure transportation is good enough to let the car drive on it. For the water part, it not only needs to fix the regulations of US EPA/ MDEQ, and Rules of Ingham County Drain Commissioner but also needs to fix the standards of AWWA, ASTM, NSF, The Public Health and Safety Company, and GLUMRB Standards. For environmental regulation, it has to pass the medical waste regulatory act (MWRA) to regulate the requirements of medical waste. To make sure it will not pollute our environment and our water.

The environment is the basis for our life, so we need to make sure we have a clean and safe environment for us to live so we need to take much more care of it. Radioactivity is super bad for living things’ health. Such as, it will let living things growth abnormal. Even it will influence the genetic order and will heredity to the offspring. Worst, it will let people get cancer. So, we must remove it from the water that we drink on campus. And the regulation range of Radium levels in farms’ wells is from 0-6.4 pCi/L. For MCL is 5 pCi/L. The ranges of Gross alpha from 1.4-19.4 pCi/L and MCL is 15 pCi/L. We must fix this requirement because it will directly influence our body condition. By the MSU water quality report 2017, there some wells are above this regulation so they directly stop working because if students drink water from these wells, then it will directly influence the condition of their health. These have some methods that we could use to remove radium. For example, it could be removed by lime softening, sorption onto manganese dioxide-based floc, oxidation, coagulation, reverse osmosis, cation exchange softening, precipitation with barium sulfate, electrodialysis (ED), and Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR). It will be much higher radioactivity in the treatment residuals if a higher concentration of radium is in the original water with a much more effective removal process. There has one limitation for radioactivity in solid wastes and there has different decomposition, methods for different conditions. If below the standard, then it could be decomposition in the landfill, and if it is above the regulation level then it must be disposed of in a hazardous waste site. Comment by Syed Hashsham: When talking about the key aspects, avoid such general overarching statements. Your first para is where such things might fit but in a 2-page Introduction the length of general information should be limited to bare minimum necessary!

Arsenic is another toxic element that will bad influence living things. Such as, it will be toxic to all living things and push humans to get cancer. The serious degree let world health organization list it as the first group that causes humans to get cancer. So, we need to care about it to avoid arsenicosis. This word means different types of skin lesions and cancers. So, we need to take care of it because we may inhale arsenic through our daily activities- such as drinking water. If we intake more than 50 μg/L in drinking water for a long time, then it may cause different types of cancers in humans. The regulation of the World Health Organization (WHO) in drinking water is 10ppb by combining all influenced factors such as the economic part. But it is still bad for human health, so we need to reduce the arsenic level down to 2-6 ppb. The best condition that is considered by our health condition is a maximum contaminant level was 2 parts per billion (ppb). So, we must remove it from our drinking water. The traditional methods for removing it are oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane technologies. But by technology development, an advanced method was created – application nanoparticles. Comment by Syed Hashsham: The text here is better suited for the Literature Review chapter. This chapter should focus on what the charges are for you as a ENE team member

Because of their high specific surface area, high reactivity, and high specificity, nanomaterials are used to repair water that is polluted by heavy metals and arsenic. If the initial concentration of arsenic is lower then we could use CNTs to remove it because CNTs only need a few amounts of material, which implies less material cost. It mainly could be used to analyze the organic contaminants before concentration and remove recalcitrant compounds. Second, Titanium-based nanoparticles are super good at removing arsenic and oxidation of As (III). Not only it could balance arsenite and arsenate in a short period, but also it has a powerful absorption capacity. Conclude, it is super-efficient to reduce arsenic. At a balanced state, only 20% of arsenic compounds cannot be absorbed by nano-adsorbent. At the same time, it could transfer arsenite to arsenate at a high speed and release oxygen to the surround.

Another nano-adsorbent in arsenic removal is hydrous titanium dioxide nanoparticles. It has an advantage in absorbents for AS(III) without transfer oxidation to AS(V) or change PH whatever before the adsorption or after. But it has some drawbacks – it is easier to dispersion in the air because of its size.

Iron-based nanoparticles are one important kind of nanomaterials that could treat arsenic-contaminated water. And water is one common kind of iron-based nanoparticle. Because it includes zero-valent iron nanoparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles, and both have lots of influence on their capability to remove the contaminants. Such as zero-valent iron nanoparticles could form a donor-acceptor bond in the remove arsenic reaction. Iron oxide nanomaterials are used more and more commonly when removing arsenic because of their efficiency. It is also easier to take out from the water solution because of its magnetic property so which makes sure it is easier to use and it could exceed nearly all the arsenate from all water materials at the same time. That is why it is used more and more commonly. There still has some other metal-based nanoparticles to remove arsenic-ceria nanoparticles, zirconium oxide nanoparticles, and disposal of arsenic-contaminated nanoparticles.

By considering economic conditions adsorbent looks to be the top choice. Because metal-based nanoparticles’ maximum adsorption capacity is still equal although after reuse and regeneration. Moreover, PH pH is one key point that will be influenced in the desorption of metals from adsorbents. The drawbacks for metal-based nanoparticles are they usually consist of tiny particles so they must aggregate together to achieve a stable state, but it will decrease their adsorption capacity and reactivity at the same time because of increasing their surface area. So, we could put nanoparticles in the porous materials or create and combine the micro nanostructured sorbents. Both will balance the high adsorption capacity and nanoparticle stability.