Leadership MCQS

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Additional Questions for practice(Option in the bold is answer)

1. Which of the following statements concerning the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is false?

a) Leaders can use rational techniques and/or emotional appeals in order to influence followers

b) Leadership includes actions and influences based only on reason and logic

c) Aroused feelings can be used either positively or negatively

d) Good leadership involves touching others' feelings

2. To many, the word management suggests

a) Dynamism b) Risk-taking c) Efficiency d) Creativity

3. According to the text, leadership is often more associated with

a) Consistency b) Planning c) Paperwork d) Change

4. This is a conventional distinction made between managers and leaders.

a) Managers maintain while leaders develop

b) Managers innovate while leaders administer

c) Managers inspire while leaders control d) Managers originate while leaders imitate

5. Which of the following statements about leaders versus managers is false?

a) Leadership is a value-laden, activity, management is not

b) Leaders focus on risk taking, managers perform functions such as planning and controlling

c) Leaders are thought to do things right, managers do the right things

d) Leaders develop, managers

6. Theory y assumes which of the following

a) People are poorly motivated

b) People achieve little satisfaction from work

c) People are committed to organizational activities

d) People seek to avoid work

7. Theory X assumes which of the following

a) People regard work as normal activity

b) People achieve little satisfaction from work

c) People seek out responsibility

d) People are self-motivated

B. A democratic leadership style has which of the following characteristics

a) Split power b) Dictatorial leader

c) Genuine d) Answer A & B

9. Participative leadership has which of the following characteristics

a) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together

b) Employs a clear chain of command

c) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff

d) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process.

10. Transactional leadership has which of the following characteristics?

a) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff.

b) Seeks to ensure staff understand issues facing the organisation

c) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process.

d) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together

11. Transformational leadership has which of the following characteristics?

a) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together.

b) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process

c) Employs a clear chain of command

d) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff.

12. Which of the following is reward Power

a) Leader can reward staff who comply with instructions

b) Leader is able to exercise power because of their charisma and reputation

c) Leader can punish staff who do not comply with instructions d) Leader has power because of expert knowledge

13. Which of the following is expert power

a) Leader can exercise power as a result of their position in the organisation

b) Leader has power because of their expert knowledge

c) Leader has power because subordinates trust him/her.

d) Leader can punish staff who do not comply with instructions.

14. Which among the following is not a leadership style

a) Transactional leadership b) Transformational leadership

c) Transmission leadership d) Paternalistic leadership

15. Which is a quality not possessed by a leader

a) Paternalistic b) Delegating c) Motivational d) Stressful

16. Which of these is not a principle of great man theory?

a) Leaders are born not made.

b) Great men rise up in times of crisis.

c) We can learn from the biographies of great leaders.

d) A great leader is only great in certain situations.

17. In leadership trait theory what is a trait?

a) A list of the things that make leaders different to everyone else.

b) A list of the key things that a leader should do to be great.

c) The list of key behaviours a leader exhibits.

d) A list of key characteristics that makes a leader great.

18. Contingency theory is based on the assumption that the ideal leader:

a) Shapes their leadership style depending on the situation

b) Provides clear instructions to the followers so that they know what they are doing.

c) Knows what their strengths are and makes the most out of them.

d) Spends time with their followers and therefore listens and responds to their needs.

19. A transactional leader is one who

a) Inspires people and has strong interactions with them

b) Does deals with people in order to get them to do things the leader wants

c) Is the ideal form of leadership

d) Works for long-term goals of the organization

20. What is a transformational leader?

a) Someone who is involved in organizational change b) A leader, like Taylor, who provided new ways of carrying out management

c) A leader who inspires the workers to new levels by offering them a vision of a better

future.

d) A leader who tries to transform their staff by giving them rewards for what they do.

21. What is the social construction of leadership?

a) The view that all leadership is social and what matters is how leaders interact with others.

b) Leadership is a made up idea that therefore we should pay more attention to more significant aspects

of the organization.

c) What counts as good leadership is a construction of the perceptions of the followers.

d) Leadership is something that the leader construc ts as they meet with others

22. Which of the following statements concerning the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is

false?

a) Leaders can use rational techniques and/or emotional appeals in order to influence followers

b) Leadership includes actions and influences based only on reason and logic

c) Aroused feelings can be used either positively or negatively

d) Good leadership involves touching others' feelings

23. This is a conventional distinction made between managers and leaders.

a) Managers maintain while leaders develop

b) Managers innovate while leaders administer

c) Managers inspire while leaders control

d) Managers originate while leaders imitate

24. Which of the following statements about leaders versus managers is false?

a) Leadership is a value-laden, activity, management is not

b) Leaders focus on risk taking; managers perform functions such as planning and controlling

c) Leaders are thought to do things right, managers do the right things

d) Leaders develop, managers

25. According to the text, which of the following statements is true?

a) Leadership and management have some unique functions with an area of overlap

b) A good leader can be a good manager, but the reverse is never true

c) Leadership and management are not related

d) Leadership and management are effectively the same for all practical purposes

26. What best describes the leader -follower relationship?

a) The relationship is a one-way street

b) Leadership and followership are the same thing

c) Leadership and followership merge and are linked concepts

d) It is based on the idea of 'one-man leadership'

27. Ideal leaders according to a survey were commonly characterized as all of the following

except

a) Honest b) Competent

c) Forward-looking d) Cooperative

28. People who become leaders in any field tend to first stand out by virtue of their

a) Interpersonal skills

b) Technical proficiency

c) Emotional intelligence

d) Intercultural competence

29. In an organization, one can gain valuable perspectives and insights through close association with an

experienced person willing to take one under his/her wing. Such an individual is often called a

a) Supervisor b) Facilitator c) Role model d) Mentor

30. The process by which an older and more experienced person helps to socialize and encourage

younger organizational colleagues is called

a) Evaluating b) Consulting c) Mentoring d) Networking

31. Which role focuses on bringing about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans?

a) Leadership b) management

c) Task structure d) initiating structure

32. Which statement regarding leadership is true?

a) All leaders are managers. b) Formal rights enable managers to lead effectively.

c) All managers are leaders. d) All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers.

33. What are three situational criteria identified in the Fiedler model?

a) job requirements, position power, and leadership ability b) charisma, influence, and leader-member relations c) leader-member relations, task structure, and position power d) task structure, leadership ability, and group conflict

34. The reconceptualization of the contingency model by Garcia and Fiedler is called theory

a) Situational b) cognitive resource c) Evaluative d) leadership recognition

35. Which path-goal leadership style leads to greater satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous or

stressful?

a) directive b) supportive c) participative d) mixed

36. According the Path-Goal Theory, what leader is friendly and shows concern for the needs of

followers?

a) The achievement-oriented leader b) the directive leader

c) The laissez-faire leader d) the supportive leader

37. Power is

a) a means for leaders to achieve goals b) defined by leaders' hopes and aspirations c) a goal in and of itself d) not an influence on leaders' goals

38. Leaders achieve goals, and power is

a) Defined by leaders' hopes and aspirations b) usually used by poor leaders

c) A means of achieving goals d) a strong influence on leaders' goals

39. _____________ is change that is the result of specific and conscious actions by leaders or

followers to change the organization.

a) Unplanned b) Convergent

c) Evolutionary d) Revolutionary

40. Leaders in high power distance cultures would be most characterized by:

a) Expecting feedback from employees. b) Relying on formal structures to accomplish tasks. c) Seeking notoriety for the organization. d) Focusing on team efforts.

41. The trait approach to leadership suggests that:

a) Leaders have special innate qualities. b) Leadership traits are clearly visible. c) Traits are based on social class. d) Traits cannot be measured.

42. Followers will only follow a charismatic leader if:

a) They believe change is needed. b) They are motivated. c) They have clear rewards waiting for them. d) They are confident.

43. In addition to basic managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and

controlling, leaders are ascribed:

a) Procedural and external roles. b) Procedural and internal roles. c) Strategic and internal roles. d) Strategic and external roles.

44. Tools used by a person to properly manage time.

a) To do list b) Effective file management c) Action programs d) All of the above

45. Which of the following is not a means of interpersonal time management

a) MS word b) Google search engine

c) MS excel d) MS spreadsheet/ notepad

46. Time management has been considered to be a subset?

(a) Project Management (b) attention management

47. Another name activity log is:

(a) Mass communication (b) face to face communication

48. The meta activity with a goal to maximize overall benefit is known as

(a) It is important to understand the joint actions people perform when they are together,

(b) It is important to understand how people label and evaluate at different times.

(d) None of the above

49. Time management is not aided by a range of

a) Skills b) Tools c) techniques d) Meditation

50. Negative time management includes

a) Depression b) Suicide c) A and b both d) Be organized

51. Time Stress can't be managed by

a) To do lists

b) Action programs

c) Setting priorities

d) Thinking about an action

52. Negative stress is usually the outcome of

a) a poor attitude towards a stressor (being reactive)

b) poor time management practices

c) and failing to prioritise one's activities

d) All of the following

53. Symptoms, of distress exclude

a) Headaches

b) Time management

c) Fatigue

d) Gastrointestinal problems

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Model Question Paper-1(Option in the bold is answer)

1. Skills used by a person to properly interact with others include. a) Communication b) Listening

c) Attitude d) All of the above

2. Which of the following is not a means of interpersonal skill a) Communication b) Cultural differences

c) Motivation d) Leadership

3. In order to understand verbal and nonverbal communication which of the following things should we do?

(a) Accept cultural differences (b) Studying your own culture (c) Learn about other cultures (d) All of the above

4. They maintain friendly, pleasant relations with you, regardless, whether you agree with them or not. Good communicators command your respond and goodwill. You are willing to work with

them again, despite their differences.

Match the above statement with one of the followings: (a) Precision (b) Credibility (c) Control (d) Congeniality

5. Another name for interpersonal communication is: (a) Mass communication (b) face to face public communication

6. When your text says that interpersonal communication can be thought of as a constellation of behaviours, it means that

(a) It is important to understand the joint actions people perform when they are together, (b) It is important to understand how people label and evaluate relationships. (c) It is important to understand the opposing forces that pull communicators in different

directions. (d) None of the above; interpersonal communication is not a constellation of behaviours.

7. Which among the following is not a stress buster

a) Social gathering b) Meditation

c) Workaholic d) Deep breathing

8. Types of stress include

a) 'OM' mantra b) Daily chores

c) Internal factors d) Psychological stress

9. Negative stress includes

a) Depression b) Suicide c) A and b both d) Be present

10. Stress can't be managed by

a) To do lists b) Action programs

c) Setting priorities d) Thinking about an action

11. Positive type of stress excludes

a) Depression b) Increased Creativity

c) Higher Productivity d) Improved Self-Esteem

12. Negative stress is usually the outcome of

a) a poor attitude towards a stressor (being reactive)

b) poor time management practices

c) and failing to prioritise one's activities

d) All of the following

13. Symptoms, of distress exclude

a) Headaches b) Time management

c) Fatigue d) gastrointestinal problems

14. Workplace interpersonal skills does include

a) Listening skills b) Negotiation and Problem-solving

c) A and B d) Only A

15. Non-verbal communication includes

a) Negotiation and Problem-solving b) Decision-making

c) Signs and gestures d) A and B

16. Which of the following statements concerning the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is

false?

A. Leaders can use rational techniques and/or emotional appeals in order to influence followers

B. Leadership includes actions and influences based only on reason and logic

C. Aroused feelings can be used either positively or negatively

D. Good leadership involves touching others' feelings.

17. To many, the word management suggests

A. Dynamism B. Risk-taking C. Efficiency D. Creativity

18. According to the text, leadership is often more associated with

A. Consistency B. Planning

C. Paperwork D. Change

19. This is a conventional distinction made between managers and leaders.

A. Managers maintain while leaders develop B. Managers innovate while leaders administer C. Managers inspire while leaders control D. Managers originate while leaders imitate

20. Which of the following statements about leaders versus managers is false?

A. Leadership is a value-laden, activity, management is not B. Leaders focus on risk taking; managers perform functions such as planning and controlling C. Leaders are thought to do things right, managers do the right things

D. Leaders develop, managers

21. Theory y assumes which of the following

a) People are poorly motivated b) People achieve little satisfaction from work c) People are committed to organizational activities d) People seek to avoid work

22. Theory X assumes which of the following

a) People regard work as normal activity b) People achieve little satisfaction from work c) People seek out responsibility d) People are self-motivated

23. A democratic leadership style has which of the following characteristics

a) Split power b) Dictatorial leader

c) Genuine d) Answer A & B

24. Participative leadership has which of the following characteristics

a) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together

b) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process c) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff d) Seeks to pick up the mood of the audience

25. Work and personal life influence each other by:

a) The quality of your relationships with people in work and personal life influence each other. b) The satisfaction you achieve on the job contributes to your general life satisfaction. c) An unsatisfied job can lead to increased stress. d) All of the above.

26. All of the following are sources for information that contribute to self-

understanding except:

a) Feedback from coworkers. b) Feedback from superiors.

c) Informal feedback from people. d) Self-evaluation traps.

27. The major focus on self-awareness has been to emphasize the positive aspects that this can have. Self-

awareness also has two negative extremes or traps. One of these traps is:

a) Focusing on oneself can lead to increased self-esteem. b) Focusing on the self can highlight shortcomings. c) Focusing on oneself can lead to greater accuracy in evaluating oneself. d) Focusing on the self can highlight ones strengths.

28. In general terms, self-esteem refers to a positive overall evaluation of oneself. People with high self-

esteem are likely to engage in all of the following behaviors except:

a) Express a general positive attitude to life and others that they come in contact with.

b) Likely to get involved with social activities in the organization.

c) Frequently express doubt about their ability to perform on difficult tasks.

d) Volunteer to work on difficult projects.

29. Transformational leadership has which of the following characteristics

a) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process.

b) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff

c) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together

d) Employs a clear chain of command.

30. Leadership is the ability to

a) influence others

b) motivate others

c) enable others to contribute towards the effectiveness and success of the organization

d) all of the above

31. A role medal must possess the character of - a) Leadership b) non communicative

c) Frightening d) self-oriented

32. Areas people use to interact and communicate with individuals or in organizational environment are.

a) Verbal communication b) Non-verbal communication

c) Listening skills d) All of the above

33. Interpersonal communication does not include

a) Listening skill b) Communication

c) Stress d) Negotiation

34. EI includes

a) The ability to quickly reduce stress.

b) The ability to recognize and manage your emotions.

c) The ability to connect with others using nonverbal communication.

d) All of the above

35. What does SMART stand for

a) Substantial, measurable, attribution, result oriented, time consuming

b) Specific, measurable, attainable, result oriented, time bound

c) Selective, motivational, achievable, result oriented, time consuming

d) Substantial, measurable attainable, result oriented, time bound

36. Feedback serves the following

a) Instructional b) Outgoing c) Self-esteem d) Coercion

37. The clearly stated goal looks at

a) What you want b) When you want to get it

c) How will you get it d) All the above

38. I want to raise my grade to "A". The goal is- a) Specific b) Unimaginative c) Impossible to reach d) Not very inspiring

39. What does the WIN strategy stand for- a) Willie interferes nicely b) What's interesting now c) Where is Nigel d) what’s important now

40. When a student encounters problems while trying to reach a goal and then claims that she is a failure is an example of- a) Realistic thinking b) The best way to reach a goal

c) Distortion of thinking d) Adjustment of thinking process

41. Clearly stated goals are the best if they are- a) Specific b) Realistic c) Written d) All of these

42. The overall goal of action in any achievement setting is assumed to be the desire to: a) avoid developing competence and incompetence

b) develop and demonstrate competence, and to avoid demonstrating incompetence c) demonstrate competence and incompetence

d) develop competence and demonstrate incompetence

43. With task- and ego-goal orientations, people can be: a) high in both goals, low in both goals, or high in one and low in the other b) high or low in both goals

c) only high in task orientation

d) only high in ego orientation

44. Individuals who focus on task mastery or improvement (a high task-goal orientation) are more likely to: (a) persist in the face of failure, exert greater effort, set impossible goals and remain interested in

the task

(b) persist in the face of failure, exert greater effort, set challenging goals and remain interested in the task

(d) persist in the face of failure, exert less effort, set challenging goals and lose interest in the task

45. What are the types of ideal's are there in human life- a) Short, medium and long b) short and medium

c) Long and short d) medium and long

46. A role model must-a)

instruct and inspire c) dishonest

47. Innovation means-a)

dreaming of new things

c) having the capacity of convincing

b) demotivate

d) non trustworthy

b) making dreams come

true d) related to experience 48. Ethics are-

a) Guiding principles b) universal principles c) Moral code of conduct d) set of basic beliefs

49. The blue hat of creativity focuses on- a) Facts and information b) creativity

c) Managing thinking process d) possibilities

50. The green hat of creativity focuses on- a) Facts and information b) creativity c) Managing thinking process d) possibilities

51. The white hat of creativity focuses on- a) Facts and information b) creativity

c) Managing thinking process d) neutral and objective

52. The capacity to learn and adapt to the requirements for survival in one's culture is called: (a) Intelligence (b) Memory (c) Emotion (d) Learning

53. _______ are the outcome of ______ and ____ , which are always definite. a) Values, realization, understanding b) Beliefs, emotions, thoughts c) Intelligence, values, emotions d) Thoughts, ideas, beliefs

54. _______ is the participation at different levels at larger order- a) Values b) beliefs c) intelligence d) emotions

55. I will attain an A grade by the end of the semester is _____ range of goal- a) Long and short b) Short and long c) Long and long d) Short and short

56. According to James and Mead, one's ______ is the aspect of self that is actively perceiving, thinking, and behaving while one's _____ is the object of one's own awareness a) objective self-awareness; subjective self-awareness b) I; me c) self-concept; self-regulation d) self-regulation; self-concept

57. Studies of self-awareness have found that ______ a) self-awareness is not necessary for one to have a self-concept b) self-awareness is not necessary for one to have a self-concept c) humans are the only animals who are self-aware

d) it may rely on the presence of spindle neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex

58. People are more likely to act in line with personal beliefs than to conform to social pressures when they are _____ a) Privately self-aware b) low in self-esteem c) Publicly self-aware d) not self-regulating

59. Being habitually _______ can contribute to depression and chronic unhappiness. a) Privately self-conscious b) low in self-regulation c) Unlikely to engage in TOTE d) motivated to be interdependent with others

60. According to Carver and Scheier's (1981, 1998) control theory of self-regulation, self-awareness allows us to assess how we are doing in meeting our goals and ideas via a(n)

a) comparison of private and public self-consciousness b) assessment of one's self-esteem c) Reliance on public self-consciousness rather than negative self-consciousness. d) cognitive feedback loop

61. A way of conceiving the self in terms of unique, personal attributes and as a being that is separate and autonomous from the group is called the _______ self and is found more in _______societies. a) Interdependent; individualistic b) independent; collectivistic

c) Interdependent; collectivistic d) independent; individualistic

62. The _________ perspective suggests that people are motivated to maintain consistent Beliefs about themselves, even when these beliefs are negative. a) Self-verification b) self-esteem c) Self-enhancement d) self-monitoring

63. There are ______ types of goal setting process. a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five

64. Your body image, or your perception of your body, also contributes to your self-concept. Having a ________ body image is related to feeling confident in jobs where customer contact is required. a) Negative b) Positive c) Neutral d) Unfavorable

65. People who are confident in themselves are in leadership and sales positions. a) Less effective b) more dissatisfied c) More effective d) emotionally insecure

66. An organized imagination around a certain theme or extent or problem is known as: (a) Fantasy (b) Dream (c) Image (d) Creative Thinking

67. If we sit down and start visualizing about heaven, the pleasures there in, this would be: (a) Fantasy (b) Dream (c) Day-dreaming (d) Imagination

68. "Problem Solving" and "Creative Thinking" are two main forms of: (a) Autistic Thinking (b) Directed Thinking

69. The capacity to learn and adapt to the requirements for survival in one's culture is called: (a) Intelligence (b) Memory (c) Emotion (d) Learning

70. Stress reducing techniques are (a) meditate, breathe deeply, reach out, be patient & tune in to self (b) better understanding, allow to do mistakes, live a healthy life, accept changes & avoid fake (c) headaches, listening skills, decision making, positive attitude & problem solving

(d) being in control, listening, attitude, be present & social gathering

Model Question Paper-2(Option in the bold is answer)

1. Skills used by a person to properly interact with others include.

a) Communication b) Listening

c) Attitude d) All of the above

2. Which of the following is not a means of interpersonal skill

a) Communication b) Cultural differences

c) Motivation d) Leadership

3. In order to understand verbal and nonverbal communication which of the following things

should we do?

(a) Accept cultural differences (h) Studying your own culture

4. They maintain friendly, pleasant relations with you, regardless, whether you agree with them or

not. Good communicators command your respond and goodwill. You are willing to work with

them again, despite their differences.

Match the above statement with one of the followings:

(a) Precision (b) Credibility (c) Control (d) Congeniality

5. Another name for interpersonal communication is:

(a) mass communication (b) face to face public communication (c) dyadic communication (d) virtual reality

6. When your text says that interpersonal communication can be thought of as a constellation of

behaviors, it means that

directions.

(d) None of the above; interpersonal communication is not a constellation of behaviors.

7. Which among the following is not a stress buster

a) Social gathering b) Meditation c) Workaholic d) Deep breathing

8. Types of stress include

a) 'OM' mantra b) Daily chores c) Internal factors d) Psychological stress

9. Negative stress includes

a) Depression b) Suicide c) A and b both d) Be present

10. Stress can't be managed by

a) To do lists b) Action programs

c) Setting priorities d) Thinking about an action

11. Positive type of stress excludes a) Depression b) Increased Creativity c) Higher Productivity d) Improved Self-Esteem

12. Negative stress is usually the outcome of a) a poor attitude towards a stressor (being reactive)

b) poor time management practices

c) and failing to prioritise one's activities d) All of the following

13. Symptoms, of distress exclude a) Headaches b) Time management c) Fatigue d) gastrointestinal problems

14. Workplace interpersonal skills does include a) Listening skills b) Negotiation and Problem-solving

c) A and B d) Only A

15. Non-verbal communication includes a) Negotiation and Problem-solving b) Decision-making

c) Signs and gestures d) A and B

16. The code or the form that a message takes is referred to. a) Language b) channel c) Medium (d) none of these

17. The sender is also referred to as the a) Active listener b) encoder c) Decoder d) receiver

18. The receiver is also referred to as the a) Active listener b) encoder

c) Decoder d) transmitter

19. Feedback could be regarded as the a) Interpreted message b) second message

c) Response d) input

20. Analysing and judging the speaker's speech is called a) Attentive listening b) appreciative listening c) Critical listening d) none of these

21. Not getting excited about the speaker's point before understanding it is called a) Attentive listening b) appreciative listening

c) Critical listening d) none of these

22. Trying to establish the speaker's main purpose or goal speech is called a) Attentive listening b) appreciative listening c) Critical listening d) none of these

23. Skills used by a person to properly interact with others include. a) Communication b) Listening

c) Attitude d) All of the above

24. Which of the following is not a means of interpersonal skill

a) Communication b) Cultural differences

c) Motivation d) Leadership

25. In order to understand verbal and nonverbal communication which of the following things

should we do?

(a) Accept cultural differences (b) Studying your own culture

26. They maintain friendly, pleasant relations with you, regardless, whether you agree with them or

not. Good communicators command your respond and goodwill. You are willing to work with

them again, despite their differences.

Match the above statement with one of the followings:

(a) Precision (b) Credibility (c) Control (d) Congeniality

27. Another name for interpersonal communication is:

(a) Mass communication (b) face to face public communication

28. When your text says that interpersonal communication can be thought of as a constellation of

behaviors, it means that

(a) It is important to understand the joint actions people perform when they are together, (b) It is important to understand how people label and evaluate relationships.

(d) None of the above; interpersonal communication is not a constellation of behaviors.

29. Which among the following is not a stress buster

a) Social gathering b) Meditation c) Workaholic

30. Types of stress include

a) 'OM' mantra b) Daily chores c) Internal factors

31. Negative stress includes a) Depression b) Suicide c) A and b both

32. Stress can't be managed by a) To do lists b) Action programs

c) Setting priorities d) Thinking about an action

33. Positive type of stress excludes

a) Depression b) Increased Creativity

c) Higher Productivity d) Improved Self-Esteem

34. Negative stress is usually the outcome of

a) a poor attitude towards a stressor (being reactive)

b) poor time management practices

c) and failing to prioritise one's activities

d) All of the following

35. Symptoms, of distress exclude

a) Headaches b) Time management

c) Fatigue d) gastrointestinal problems

36. Workplace interpersonal skills does include

a) Listening skills b) Negotiation and Problem-solving

c) A and B d) Only A

37. Non-verbal communication includes

a) Negotiation and Problem-solving b) Decision-making

c) Signs and gestures d) A and B

38. The clearly stated goal looks at

a) What you want b) When you want to get it

c) How will you get it d) All the above

39. I want to raise my grade to "A". The goal is- a) Specific b) Unimaginative

c) Impossible to reach d) Not very inspiring

40. What does the WIN strategy stand for-? a) Willie interferes nicely b) What's interesting now

c) Where is Nigel d) What's important now

41. When a student encounters problems while trying to reach a goal and then claims that she is a failure

is an example of- a) Realistic thinking b) The best way to reach a goal

c) Distortion of thinking d) Adjustment of thinking process

42. Clearly stated goals are the best if they are - a) Specific b) Realistic c) Written d) All of these

43. The overall goal of action in any achievement setting is assumed to be the desire to:

a) avoid developing competence and incompetence

b) develop and demonstrate competence, and to avoid demonstrating incompetence

c) demonstrate competence and incompetence

d) develop competence and demonstrate incompetence

44. With task- and ego-goal orientations, people can be:

a) high in both goals, low in both goals, or high in one and low in the other

b) high or low in both goals

c) only high in task orientation

d) only high in ego orientation

45. According to James and Mead, one's ________ is the aspect of self that is actively perceiving,

thinking, and behaving while one's _______ is the object of one's own awareness

a) objective self-awareness; subjective self-awareness

b) I; me

c) self-concept; self-regulation

d) self-regulation; self-concept

46. Studies of self-awareness have found that _______

a) self-awareness is not necessary for one to have a self-concept

b) self-awareness is not necessary for one to have a self-concept

c) humans are the only animals who are self-aware

d) it may rely on the presence of spindle neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex

47. People are more likely to act in line with personal beliefs than to conform to social

pressures when they are ______

a) Privately self-aware b) low in self-esteem c) Publicly self-aware d) not self-regulating

48. Being habitually ______ can contribute to depression and chronic unhappiness.

a) privately self-conscious b) low in self-regulation

c) unlikely to engage in TOTE

d) motivated to be interdependent with others

49. According to Carver and Scheier's (1981, 1998) control theory of self-regulation, self-awareness

allows us to assess how we are doing in meeting our goals and ideas via a(n)

a) comparison of private and public self-consciousness

b) assessment of one's self-esteem

c) Reliance on public self-consciousness rather than negative self-consciousness.

d) cognitive feedback loop

50. A way of conceiving the self in terms of unique, personal attributes and as a being that

is separate and autonomous from the group is called the _______ self and is found more

in ______ societies.

a) Interdependent; individualistic b) independent; collectivistic

c) Interdependent; collectivistic d) independent; individualistic

51. The _____________ perspective suggests that people are motivated to maintain consistent

beliefs about themselves, even when these beliefs are negative.

a) Self-verification b) self-esteem

c) Self-enhancement d) self-monitoring

52. There are _____ types of goal setting process.

a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five

53. Your body image, or your perception of your body, also contributes to your self-concept.

Having a ___________ body image is related to feeling confident in jobs where customer

contact is required.

a) Negative b) Positive c) Neutral d) Unfavorable

54. People who are confident in themselves are in leadership and sales

positions.

a) Less effective b) more dissatisfied

c) More effective d) emotionally insecure

55. An organized imagination around a certain theme or extent or problem is known as:

(a) Fantasy (b) Dream (c) Image (d) Creative Thinking

56. If we sit down and start visualising about heaven, the pleasures there in, this would be:

(a) Fantasy (b) Dream (c) Day-dreaming (d) Imagination

57. "Problem Solving" and "Creative Thinking" are two main forms of:

(a) Autistic Thinking (b) Directed Thinking

58. The capacity to learn and adapt to the requirements for survival in one's culture is called:

(a) Intelligence (b) Memory (c) Emotion (d) Learning

59. I want to raise my grade to 'A". The goal is- a) Specific b) Unimaginative

c) Impossible to reach d) Not very inspiring

60. What does the WIN strategy stand for-? a) Willie interferes nicely b) What's interesting now

c) Where is Nigel d) what’s important now

61. Which of the following statements concerning the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is

false?

A. Leaders can use rational techniques and/or emotional appeals in order to influence followers

B. Leadership includes actions and influences based only on reason and logic

C. Aroused feelings can be used either positively or negatively

D. Good leadership involves touching others' feelings

62. This is a conventional distinction made between managers and leaders.

A. Managers maintain while leaders develop

B. Managers innovate while leaders administer

C. Managers inspire while leaders control

D. Managers originate while leaders imitate

63. Which of the following statements about leaders versus managers is false?

A. Leadership is a value-laden, activity, management is not

B. Leaders focus on risk taking; managers perform functions such as planning and controlling

C. Leaders are thought to do things right, managers do the right things

D. Leaders develop, managers

64. Theory assumes which of the following

a) People are poorly motivated

b) People achieve little satisfaction from work

c) People are committed to organizational activities

d) People seek to avoid work

65. Theory X assumes which of the following

a) People regard work as normal activity

b) People achieve little satisfaction from work

c) People seek out responsibility

d) People are self-motivated

66. A democratic leadership style has which of the fo llowing characteristics

a) Split power b) Dictatorial leader c) Genuine d) Answer A & B

67. Participative leadership has which of the following characteristics

a) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together

b) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process

c) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff

d) Seeks to pick up the mood of the audience

68. Work and personal life influence each other by:

a) The quality of your relationships with people in work and personal life influence each other.

b) The satisfaction you achieve on the job contributes to your general life satisfaction.

c) An unsatisfied job can lead to increased stress.

d) All of the above.

69. All of the following are sources for information that contribute to self-

understanding except:

a) Feedback from coworkers.

b) Feedback from superiors.

c) Informal feedback from people.

d) Self-evaluation traps.

70. The major focus on self-awareness has been to emphasize the positive aspects that this can have. Self-

awareness also has two negative extremes or traps. One of these traps is:

a) Focusing on oneself can lead to increased self-esteem.

b) Focusing on the self can highlight shortcomings.

c) Focusing on oneself can lead to greater accuracy in evaluating oneself.

d) Focusing on the self can highlight ones strengths.

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