Please identify an ethical dilemma from ENRON Collapse You answer these assignment before Make sure you state your issue as a dilemma (see definition below).

FROM RITUAL TO RECORDFROM RITUAL TO RECORD

-The Ideological Origins of Modern Sport-The Ideological Origins of Modern Sport

KNES 381: History of Sport, Games and Culture

THE BIRTH OF THE “MODERN” WORLD AND THE BIRTH OF THE “MODERN” WORLD AND MODERN SPORTS AND RECREATIONSMODERN SPORTS AND RECREATIONS

1. Reviewing the Contrast Between Traditional Sports and Modern Sports

 Allen Guttmann’s Characteristics of Modern Sports  A) secularism  B) equality of opportunity to compete and in the

conditions of competition ascribed versus achieved status

 C) specialization of roles  D) rationalization  E) bureaucratic organization  F) quantification  G) the quest for records

1. The Origins of Modernity1. The Origins of Modernity

WHEN DOES THE MODERN WORLD BEGIN?

 1) From the Old “Island” Civilizations to the Birth of the Modern World System

The Globe in 1500--The Great Centers of World Civilization since the Neolithic Revolution, ca. 10,000 BC as they were about 1500 ACE

A) China

B) India and the Indus Civilizations

C) Islamic Kingdoms of the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, and South and Southeast Asia

D MesoAmerica–the Aztecs and Mayas

E) Peru–the Incas

F) African Kingdoms

G) Western Civilization

1. The Origins of Modernity--continued1. The Origins of Modernity--continued

2) Why Then? (in 1500?)

 The Decline of Arab Hegemony

 The Rise of Europe  Empire Building  Establishing overseas

trade routes and foreign markets

2. The Collision of Four Continents and 2. The Collision of Four Continents and Civilizations–Western Civilization and the Origins of Civilizations–Western Civilization and the Origins of the Modern Worldthe Modern World

 A) The “New World System”

 Est. of a global economy  “Columbian Exchange” of

cultural customs, goods, technologies, foodstuffs, and religions.

 B) New European World Views–The Renaissance, the Reformation and the Scientific Revolution

2. Collision of the Four Continents- Cultural 2. Collision of the Four Continents- Cultural ImperialismImperialism

3. The Fate of Indigenous Games3. The Fate of Indigenous Games

The Extinction of Native American Sports–Two Patterns

A) The MesoAmerican Ball Game

Aztec Maya Toltec

Mixtec Zapotec Hohokam

Mound Builders

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-RW4JJZvDs

3. The Fate of Indigenous Games--continued3. The Fate of Indigenous Games--continued

B) “The Little War”

Shinny Lacrosse

Algonquians Iroquois

Muskhogeans Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Seminole

3. The Fate of Indigenous Games--continued3. The Fate of Indigenous Games--continued

C) gusimbuka

 Rwandan cultural practice

 an indigenous form of high jumping

 Rooted in the social, sacred, militaristic, and carnival spirit of Rwandan body-culture

4. The Renaissance- Old Ideas about Sport and 4. The Renaissance- Old Ideas about Sport and New Theories of ManhoodNew Theories of Manhood

= “Rebirth” (Intellectual Reawakening)

Complete cultural shift in art, religion , philosophy and attitudes towards the human body.

4. The Renaissance (Cont.)4. The Renaissance (Cont.)

Characterized by a return to the Greek Ideal, now described as the “Renaissance Man”

= Achilles meets James Bond 007

4. The Renaissance–Old Ideas about Sport and 4. The Renaissance–Old Ideas about Sport and New Theories of ManhoodNew Theories of Manhood

 The Renaissance Man

 l’uomo universalle–the “whole man” socially adept sensitive to aesthetic values skilled in weaponry strong of body learned in letters politically astute pleasing to the eye

4. 4. The Renaissance–The Influence of The Renaissance–The Influence of The The CourtierCourtier

A) Baldasare Castiglione, The Courtier (1528)

Castiglione and the English  Henry VI, Eton and British

“public” schooling (1440)

 Thomas Elyot’s Book of the Governour (1531)

 Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster: Shewing a Plain and Perfect Way of Teaching Languages (1570)

5. The Reformation and Religious Debates 5. The Reformation and Religious Debates Over SportOver Sport

A. Frowning Protestants?

 Reestablishing the authority of the church in a “modern” world

 Elevating the “soul” over the “body”

 Elevating “work” over “play”

5. The Reformation and Religious Debates 5. The Reformation and Religious Debates Over SportOver Sport

 Martin Luther ◦ “Godly” Sport

 John Calvin ◦ “Wicked Amusements”

 Geneva and the Puritan Model

◦ Protestant “Spoilsports” or the Inventors of “Modern” Attitudes toward Physical Activity?

6. The Scientific Revolution and the 6. The Scientific Revolution and the Development of Modern Attitudes About Development of Modern Attitudes About Human Nature and SportHuman Nature and Sport

 Modern Science and the Focus on Physical Data

 Empirical Knowledge–The Senses and the New Science

 The Body as a Machine

 Leonardo Da Vinci, Galileo, Andreas Vesalius, William Harvey

6. The Scientific Revolution (Cont.)6. The Scientific Revolution (Cont.)

Scientists and artists alike were fascinated by the anatomical structure and physiological function of the human body