AP World History Semester Test

infusion of western European modern art and music

importation of eastern Asian philosophies and art

immersion of Arabic religious art and literature

sophisticated level of intellectual advancement

permanent loss of population in Africa and Asia

enormous demographic growth of the Americas

eradication of typhoid and malaria diseases

smaller crop output because of loss of workers

U.S. boycott of the 1980 Olympic games in Moscow

fall of the Berlin Wall and communism in East Germany

Cuban missile crisis between superpowers

rise of the Solidarity trade union and political movement in Poland

Later marriages meant fewer rural workers producing products in their homes.

Handicraft workers were too slow in their production to meet demand.

Work needed to be located where engineers built complicated machinery.

A large pool of unskilled urban workers did not have homes to produce in.

depiction of natural appearances of objects by dabs of unmixed primary colors

revival of classical ideals characterized by order and symmetry

reaction against neoclassicism with emphasis on appreciation of nature

feelings and emotions expressed through use of explosive color

The British army occupied Egypt to protect its financial interests.

The Union of South Africa became a dominion of Great Britain.

Leopold II of Belgium personally dominated the Congo Free State.

Morocco became a colony of Germany after the Berlin Conference.

fluid with extensive battle lines

collapsed Allied defensive lines

stalemated in trench warfare

focused battles on major cities

Constitutionally-held civil liberties were rescinded.

Ottoman sultans reigned but no longer ruled.

Mandatory Islamic primary education was instituted.

The women’s emancipation movement was suppressed.

Beijing became a free and independent city.

Chinese generals ruled regionally as warlords.

The Xuantong emperor was forced to abdicate.

Dr. Sun Yatsen became president of China.

Its architecture reflected Chinese influence.

Block printing was widely implemented.

Artists produced high-quality porcelain.

The novel form of literature was employed.

lack of primary education

gender discrimination

economic inequalities

exploitation of workers

the end of a shaky alliance with France

Germany’s first overseas empire

increased U.S. intervention in Europe

revived cultural ultranationalism

increased power to the House of Lords

the formation of political parties

universal suffrage

independence for Catholic Ireland

anti-communism

anti-Semitism

democratic socialism

pan-Germanism

ended hereditary monarchial rule

extended religious freedom to all

championed freedom of speech

instituted representative government

War debts had weakened Latin America’s ability to trade beyond its hemisphere.

A majority of Latin American countries had sided with the Central Powers and lost.

Latin American coastal shipping was destroyed in the war’s massive sea battles.

Weakened economically by war, France and Britain no longer had funds to invest.

violent persecution of Jews in a series of pogroms in Russia

open rebellion by Jews against eastern European governments

restriction against Jews serving in the officer corps of the military

economic downturn in Europe from boycott of Jewish businesses

to circumvent worldwide slide back into irreversible economic depression and war

to forestall Soviet influence in devastated nations of Europe by rebuilding economies

to avoid accusations of isolationism and uncaring attitude concerning the world’s poor

to prevent complete Soviet takeover of eastern Europe by introducing capitalist markets

Wives and concubines often served as political advisors.

Wives of emperors served in charitable public roles.

Women were only to provide emperors with an heir.

Daughters were eligible to become emperor.

flying shuttle

power loom

spinning wheel

steam engine

supervised trading towns along Niger River

established trade treaties with European nations

administered strict Shiite Muslim religious law

maintained military presence to prevent rebellion

As a result of French conquest, European imperial states broke apart into small and culturally homogenous nation-states.

French conquest led to domination politically and culturally, which in turn caused various peoples to adopt French language, religion, and educational systems.

The French revolutionary principle of national self-importance led many countries in a race to build global empires to reign supreme in Europe.

The combined effort to defeat Napoleon and block his imperial goals increased national sentiments among the British who already saw themselves as unique among Europeans.

A supranational organization, created by the Maastricht Treaty, which provides for the creation of a single currency, a central bank, and common policymaking.

The earliest and most successful economic alliance, which through control of the world’s most important energy source can exert control over the developed world.

An organization created to regulate the economic interaction of more than one hundred nations that belong to it and promote political stability.

The world’s second-largest free-trade zone of money, goods, services, and labor but a much looser bloc and lacking in economic coordination.

Johann von Herder

Otto von Bismarck

Wilhelm I of Prussia

Helmuth von Moltke

increased imperial troop presence in colonies

colonial elite backlash against revolutionary ideas

European support for ending imperialism

an emerging class of native urban intellectuals

He organized production in factories along assembly lines.

He used machine tools to produce interchangeable parts.

He formed vertical organization to control all facets of an industry.

He eliminated competition by consolidating similar businesses.

British Balfour Declaration of 1917

Allied Treaty of Sèvres of 1920

Peace of Versailles of 1919

War Guilt Clause Article 231

constant campaigning for empire

feudal system of regional government

humanistic education for all classes

universal suffrage from age of twenty-one

decline in European economic and global power

destruction of central and eastern European empires

sense of uncertainty and anxiety in European culture

spread of communist-style governments in central Europe

Women played no significant role in public affairs due to religious beliefs.

Citizens were allowed complete freedom of worship.

Heirs to the throne were determined well in advance of accession.

Emperors took personal control of their militaries and administration.

Indian customs and laws were supported even if they conflicted with English law.

Port cities were modernized for extensive trade while the interior was undeveloped.

Christian-style public schools were established for children of Indian elites.

The Sepoy Rebellion led to the establishment of direct British imperial rule of India.

Sultan Mohammed VI accepted the dismantlement of the Ottoman Empire with its resulting Allied occupation.

The Greek independence movement inspired liberal Turkish nationalists to successfully break with the Ottoman Empire.

Turkish rank-and-file soldiers, with the support of the sultan, mutinied against British occupation forces.

Mustafa Kemal formed a nationalist government after the war, in central Anatolia, backed by army officers.

growth of a larger middle class

higher taxes on peasant classes

lower wages for factory workers

universal male suffrage

to free British dominions behind enemy lines

to open shipping lanes in the eastern Mediterranean

to capture German-held Pacific colonies

to break the stalemate on the western front

Nicholas mobilized Russian forces against Austria’s threat to Serbia.

Nicholas launched the Crimean War to seize Turkish straits.

Nicholas was forced to create a national parliament to retain the throne.

Nicholas allowed civil liberties through the October Manifesto.

The twisted financial system was based on loans and reparations.

Full return of employment provided very low wages.

Industrial productivity did not return to prewar levels.

Modern welfare states were created which were unaffordable.

He encouraged universal male suffrage.

He reigned as a despot with a personal army.

He instituted Catholicism as state religion.

He established freedom of expression.

He preached a policy of nonviolent resistance leading to peaceful mass demonstrations.

He worked as a political leader and lawyer to press the British government for greater reform.

He failed to lead peaceful negotiations for a separate Muslim state and great bloodshed resulted.

He initiated a policy of nonalignment to prevent India from becoming a client state to world powers.

eased the way for Christian missionaries to proselytize

brought in considerable knowledge of the outside world

facilitated the end of Chinese neo-Confucian influence

taught landowners to plant new food crops for export

It displayed the weakness of Mussolini’s Italian government’s ability to carry out war.

It prevented war from breaking out because of the economic crisis of the Great Depression.

It revealed the fear of communism among conservatives, who feared Stalin more than Hitler.

It demonstrated the lengths the United States would go to guarantee their isolationism.

by establishing commercial centers of trade

by welcoming European explorers in Hormuz

by helping make peace with the Ottoman Empire

by allowing Sunni minority religious toleration

African laborers were enslaved on Caribbean sugar and rubber plantations.

European migrants moved to temperate lands to work as industrial laborers.

Pacific island workers traveled to Asian ports to work in maritime industries.

Native American migrants moved to work on commercial farms in European colonies.

War between the United States and Iraq broke out over support of the PLO and Arafat.

Jordan’s King Hussein was assassinated for making a peace treaty with Israel.

Palestinians were given self-rule throughout the West Bank, including Jerusalem.

Palestinian Arabs were permanently displaced throughout the Middle East.

to solve social and economic problems through a benevolent Confucian government

to change the imperial form of government by ending China’s agrarian-based peasant society

to end Western influence by launching an anti-foreign uprising through local militia units

to establish a radical reform program of abolishing private property and distribution of wealth

to form a countermeasure against the military policies of NATO

to encourage economic prosperity and industrial capacity

to supersede the peacemaking efforts of the newly created UN

to end Europe’s global influence by decolonizing the Third World

Recently freed serfs congregated in cities to obtain higher-paying factory jobs.

A newly minted middle class pushed the republican ideal of constitutional government.

Entrepreneurial initiative was inspired by western European industrial models.

The low standard of living was protested by workers’ strikes and peasant rebellions.

Japan roused the resource-rich United States into a long-term war the Japanese could not win.

German troops received a boost from Japan in its victories against the United States.

British forces were drawn to the fight in the Pacific, weakening their fight against Hitler.

Axis nations were forced to send reinforcements to Japan in its fight with the United States.

economic inequality resulting from mercantilism

predominance of power in ruling elites’ hands

Enlightenment ideal of limited government

patriarchal society supported by Catholicism

Dictatorships emerged.

U.S. interference waned.

Marxism gained popularity.

Political extremism rose.

The population grew as a result of new food crops.

Women rose to prominence through crop cultivation.

Surplus agricultural production financed armies.

Elite landowners gained importance in government.

equality before the law

capitalist economics

popular sovereignty

individual freedom

end to antagonism with the United States and NATO

Gorbachev’s ending of Brezhnev Doctrine

acceptance of capitalistic economic changes

removal of Soviet nuclear weapons in Europe

espousal of European socialist ideology by the exploited and less-privileged classes

wealthy creoles’ resentment of interference of the mother country in day-to-day affairs

unfair capitalistic economic policies imposed by the Iberian states of Spain and Portugal

adoption of French-style revolutionary ideas about equality, liberty, and fraternity

A small number of people in the developed world possess the majority of global wealth.

Hundreds of millions of people in the developing world struggle for adequate shelter.

Resulting poverty leads to malnutrition which stunts growth and mental development.

The developing world lacks capital to invest in new technologies to improve economies.

the gradual granting of political equality to former slaves

increased social and economic opportunities for former slaves

legal freedom for African and African-Americans

the eventual complete end to the institution of slavery in the Americas

For eight years, the French violently resisted Algeria’s efforts at independence.

White minority South Africans demanded and received independence from Britain.

Britain’s gradual transfer of power to Ghanaians meant the end of its empire.

Kenya’s Mau Mau nationalist violence broke British resolve to maintain its colony.

government regulation

wealthy monopolies

modern corporations

mass production

They feared the cost of non-cooperation

They were threatened with deportation or prison

They agreed with the political philosophy

They saw cooperation as a means to gain power.

Dutch forays into Afghan territory brought Russia and Britain into an alliance to fight against Dutch colonization of central Asia.

Germany allied with Russia to invade and colonize central Asia in order to thwart British colonial ambitions eastward out of India.

Russian Cossacks had taken over Tashkent, Bokhara, and Samarkand in order to find an outlet to a warm-water port.

The Ottoman Empire successfully fended off French and British attempts to colonize its holdings in central Asia.

Merchants and artisans enjoyed high income and social status.

Soldiers were highly regarded above all commoners because of service to the state.

Nobles unrelated to the emperor and his family did not enjoy the highest status.

Scholar-bureaucrats and the gentry were just below the emperor in social hierarchy.

constant state of religious unrest

diverse religious minorities

some autonomy for non-Muslims

special taxes for non-Muslim faiths

Revolutions were sparked around the world, especially in European colonies.

A precedent was established of written constitutions guaranteeing civil rights.

Representative government replaced absolute monarchy.

An end was brought to liberalism, which favored the privileged classes.

It ensured Stalin’s brand of totalitarianism would reign supreme for decades to come.

It led to the destruction of the mighty Nazi armed forces at the hands of resilient Red Army.

It delayed U.S. entry into the war because the U.S. Congress feared invasion.

It implied British victory over the Nazi Luftwaffe in its abandonment of the Battle of Britain.

declaring the desire to create a national homeland for Jews in Palestine

strengthening and fostering Jewish national sentiment and consciousness

organizing and uniting the whole of Jewry through institutions in each nation

obtaining financial aid from European governments for Jewish emigration

the Ottoman Empire

the Netherlands

France

Australia

Many societies used slave labor.

Privileged nobility dominated business.

A wealthy factory-owning elite arose.

Emigration slowed in the lower classes.

abdication of reigning monarch

food shortages from blockades

breakdown of military discipline

failed offensives with huge casualties

Non-Western nations had export-oriented agriculture owned by foreigners who kept profits.

Non-Western nations focused on indigenous handicraft industry rather than mechanization.

Non-Western nations implemented mercantilist policies, which prevented investment.

Non-Western nations lacked the raw materials necessary for complete industrialization.

Industrial methods produced mass murder

German national culture was vilified for years to come.

Resolve to establish a Jewish homeland intensified.

The most costly genocide of the twentieth century occurred.

A thriving agricultural sector sent thousands westward for rural work.

The construction of railroad lines created an integrated national economy.

A massive maritime industry emerged with the opening of the Pacific coast.

Large reserves of rubber and timber led to a demographic shift northward.

to stop other nations from reaching superpower status

U.S. determination to retain military superiority

U.S.S.R. determination to reach parity with the United States

to prevent war from breaking out between superpowers

Canada promoted urbanization of indigenous peoples.

Canada encouraged new migrants to settle and work.

Canada protected promising new industries through tariffs.

Canada built national railroad transportation systems.

Great Britain agreed in the Balfour Declaration to the creation of a Jewish homeland.

The first Arab-Israeli War resulted from the establishment of the state of Israel.

Loss of Arab states’ territory resulted from their defeat in the Yom Kippur War.

The formation of OPEC prevented critical oil supplies from reaching Israel.

closure of the national parliament

labor unrest over factory conditions

assassination of Tsar Alexander II

emancipation of Russian serfs

extensive inefficiency of central government bureaucracy

lack of basic infrastructure in order to fully industrialize

inability to balance population growth with economic growth

constant interethnic and interfaith conflict among citizens

forced China to accept reduction of sovereignty

abolished foreign industrial Chinese jobs

eliminated foreign trade of opium imports

ended foreign powers’ control of treaty ports

modernization

corruption

low population growth

diverse economies

to offer a refuge for increasing European population

to build world-wide communication networks

to broaden education by studies of new peoples

to supply lands for building industrial factories

hijack of a luxury hotel in Mumbai

blitzkrieg of Poland

U.S. invasion of Afghanistan

bombing of the USS Cole

Mongolia

Tibet

Korea

Siberia