Introduction & References

For each of the following studies (Study One & Study Two): state a reasonable research

question based on the study description, identify the Independent variable(s), Dependent

variable and its Level of measurement, and one Controlled variable. You are given an

example of the information being sought.

Study One (10 points)

You are interested in look at the effects of strengthening exercise in adults with Down’s

syndrome. You randomly select twenty subjects (age range 19 – 35 years) from an adult

workshop group. You measure the strength of the elbow flexors in pounds using a dynamometer

prior to the start of an eight-week resistance training program. At the end of the eight weeks,

you again test the strength of the elbow flexors.

Research Question: Does the resistance training program improve the strength of the elbow

flexors or it does not have an effect on the subjects?

Independent Variable (s): The Independent Variable is the comparison that is in the study.

Which it is the strength of the elbow flexors that could be improved on remained the same.

Dependent Variable (s): The dependent Variable it is the outcome of the measure. Mainly

establishing if the resistance training has any effect if the strength of the elbow flexors.

Level of Measurement: Ratio

Controlled Variable: There are various controlled Variables, which are controlled by the

researcher. There is the age (19 to 35 years) of the subjects and the length of the strengthening

exercise (8 weeks)

Study Two (10 points)

You are interested in evaluating the effectiveness of three different education programs on

caffeine consumption in young adults, age 18 – 24 years, who report that they drink at least one

cup of coffee per day. You have a volunteer group of 30 subjects, and randomly assign each to

one of the three education programs. Immediately after completion of the study, you determine

how many have changed their consumption of caffeine (measured as change/no change). You

re-interview the participants six months after completion of the program to determine if there has

been a change in drinking habits.

Research Question: Do the three educational program of drinking caffeine change the drinking

habits of the individuals?

Independent Variable (s): The Independent Variable it is the caffeine consumption that is

aimed which is the basis of comparison. It assumes two values drinking caffeine and reduced

drinking caffeine.

Dependent Variable (s): These are the outcomes of the measure which is basically the 6 months

in which the educational programs are supposed to change the drinking habits of the subjects.

Level of Measurement: Ratio

Controlled Variable: there are various controlled variable which are controlled by the

researcher. The age of the subjects (18-24), Caffeine Consumption (1 cup of coffee/day), the

number of subjects (30 subjects) and time period (6 months).