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3D-Printing techniques

Another 3D-Printing technique is SLS. Anderson (2015) argues that though SLS is more expensive than other techniques it gives a designer a lot of freedom when designing shapes of the different prostheses. First, printed part is developed in series of layers by melting powder with the help of UV laser. Ideally, non-melted powder provides support to material for pendulous structure. Unfortunately, little information can be obtained using SLS because according to Anderson (2015), SLS is made up of minimal layer height and this makes it have a smoother surface than FDM. Also, it does not need post processing, though it can result in slightly rough surface this can easily smoothen by adding or even polishing a coating.

Why do we need cyborg; human beings have limited capabilities in handling various things, sense the world in restricted strategy, vision being the best among all and finally individuals understand the world in three different aspects and their communication is low. However, there are ways in which we can improve the above human elements. There are many people all over the world missing limbs, but unfortunately, they are incapable of getting the prosthetic part. Micallef (2015) however argued that lacking these body parts should not prevent you from performing certain work. Therefore, availability of prosthetic body parts plays a vital role in such disabilities. Since some of these prosthetic parts are too expensive to afford, most people especially third-class family are unable to purchase the required parts and this is unfortunate. The government should, therefore, ensure that there is an adequate financial resource to allow its people access these prosthetic parts. Introduction of 3D printers has simplified the affordability process, and this has contributed positively a lot to the disabled people who are incapable of affording the prosthetic parts.

3D printing is manufacturing strategy that is addictive where products create layer after another instead of eliminating materials from a larger material including CNC milling. Unlike other methods, this technique has many advantages. First, one can make an item out of one part, thus requiring no assembly. There is also the freedom to design and this can lead to the production of highly complex geometries. Furthermore, a person can easily customize and personal designs, because one does not need to change the machine. Finally, most parts are cheap and can be produced quickly from the idea. Ideally, it is best devices for young people are voluntary-closing upper limb prosthetic tools. They perform a vital role especially in enhancing the development of motor. However, the current effective alternative, though costly, is a reflexive prosthetic hook. The device works well, but it has a high rate of rejection because of its unacceptable cosmetic look.

In addition, the present studies indicate that there are similarities in anthropometric measures taken from photographs and directly from individual’s upper limbs (Pons, Torricelli, & Pajaro, 2013). Therefore, the similarities show that prosthetic devices work just similar to our missing body parts and we should only look for the best way of reducing and providing these devices to the affected people in the country. Besides, it is evident that when properly used, the devices can positively change the lifestyle of many disabled people. According to Pons, Torricelli, & Pajaro (2013), the study has the responsibilities of providing useful data related to perception and usage of the devices on the quality of human life. However, from this study, it is obvious that most of the children report that their quality life has increased a lot after using the technology. Only one out of eleven indicates that there is no some change. Also, different findings show that prosthetic device have a significant ability to positively affect the quality of life, daily usage and can be unified in many activities at school and home.

However, there are two different forms of cyborgs in medicines. The two are very important and include enhanced and restorative. For instance, restorative devices are used in restoring all lost organs, functions, and limbs of the individuals. The main element of restorative is to repair the missing or broken processes reverting healthy function. Finally, the technology does not enhance the original functions that were lost instead it restores them. Unlike restorative, enhanced cyborg considers the optimal performance principle; it maximizes or modifies information gained and at the same time minimizes energy used in the process. Therefore, enhanced cyborg aims to gain new functions of the organism which were not there at first.

Although prostheses supplement damaged or lost body parts with the incorporation of bionic implants, or mechanical artifice, this may not be good to human health. For instance, a brain-computer interface also called BCI offers a straight way for the body to convey messages from the brain to external device, thus creating an effective cyborg. A study conducted by Micallef, (2015), indicates that people with an eye problem, have many issues including locked-in syndrome. It also indicated that the device is very important to disabled people, especially those using a wheelchair or with a lost limb. It provides them with the power to curb the devices that help them convey a message.

Another goodness of prosthesis is that it has a good weight and fit that satisfies all its users. For instance, a half of its hand is fitted to the residual limb and is always tightened using Velcro. And the remaining part is linked to the existing socket. According to Micallef (2015), it is easy to fit prostheses on a residential limb or even easy to connect to the socket that exists. However, the prostheses can sometimes refuse to fit and this is always caused by human weight. Therefore, it is good for one to provide accurate weight information; specify the weight of both hand and arms.

The 3D printing devices have disadvantages (Skowyra, Justyna, Pietrzak, Katarzyna & Mohamed, 2014)). It is actually difficult to state its mechanical properties. Also, the strength of the part made depends most on fabrication technique. It is therefore evident that material shrinkage, errors and machine parameters affect the accuracy of the devices. Another problem with this technology is that one cannot produce large objects from the present 3D-printing devices. Therefore, it becomes a serious issue not only among the medical experts but also among different forms of people globally. In addition, according to Micallef (2015), unlike other devices such as conventional manufacturing, 3D-printers use a limited amount of materials. The users, however, have to look for similar materials for proper function of this part.

Conclusion

References

Anderson, K. M. (2015). The Advanced Practice Nurse Cardiovascular Clinician.

France, A. K., & In Jepson, B. (2014). Make: 3D printing.

In Cronenwett, J. L., & In Johnston, K. W. (2014). Rutherford's vascular surgery.

Micallef, J. (2015). Beginning Design for 3D Printing. Berkeley, CA: Apress.

Pons, J. L., Torricelli, D., & Pajaro, M. (2013). Converging clinical and engineering research on neurorehabilitation. Berlin: Springer.

Skowyra, Justyna, Pietrzak, Katarzyna, Albed Alhnan, & Mohamed. (2014). Fabrication of extended-release patient-tailored prednisolone tablets via fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. Elsevier.