JOURNAL 2
twinkle22
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Figure IV.1
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- Has been defined as the synthesis of technology and human needs into manufacturable products.
- Design introduces a bold new way of competing. Design-driven innovations do not come from the market; they create new markets. They don’t push new technologies, they push new meanings. (Design expert Roberto Verganti)
- In practice, design can mean many things, ranging from styling to ergonomics to setting final product specifications.
- Design has been successfully used in a variety of ways to help achieve new product objectives.
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Figure 13.1
- Design for Speed to Market (Ingersoll-Rand Cyclone Grinder)
- Design for Ease of Manufacture (IBM Proprinter)
- Design for Differentiation (Haworth and Steelcase office equipment)
- Design to Meet Customer Needs (“user oriented design”) (Crown Equipment Rider Counterbalance forklift trucks)
- Design to Build or Support Corporate Identity (Apple, BMW)
- Design for the Environment (Subaru, Apple)
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- Equitable Use: The design is useful to people with varied abilities.
- Flexibility in Use: The design accommodates a wide variety of preferences.
- Simple and Intuitive to Use: The design is easy for anyone to understand.
- Perceptible Information: The design communicates the required information to the user.
- Tolerance for Error: The design minimizes adverse consequences of inappropriate use.
- Low Physical Effort: The design can be used efficiently by anyone with minimal fatigue.
- Size and Space for Approach and Use: The product is easy to reach, manipulate, and use.
- Source: James M. Mueller and Molly Follette Story, “Universal Design: Principles for Driving Growth Into New Markets,” in P. Belliveau, A. Griffin, and S. Sodermeyer (eds.), The PDMA Toolbook for New Product Development (New York: Wiley, 2002), pp. 297-326.
Figure 13.2
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Purpose of Design
Aesthetics
Ergonomics
Function
Manufacturability
Servicing
Disassembly
Item Being Designed
Goods
Services
Architecture
Graphic arts
Offices
Packages
Figure 13.3
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- The process by which a customer need is developed into a product design.
- Solid architecture improves speed to market, and reduces the cost of changing the product once it is in production.
- Product components are combined into “chunks,” functional elements are assigned to the chunks, and the chunks are interrelated with each other.
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Figure 13.4
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Flow of forces or energy
Flow of material
Flow of signals or data
Store
Output
Store
Blank
Paper
Enclose
Printer
Provide
Structural
Support
Cartridge
Position
Cartridge
In X-Axis
Position
Paper
In Y-Axis
Supply
DC
Power
“Pick”
Paper
Control
Printer
Command
Printer
Connect
to
Host
Communicate
with
Host
Display
Status
Accept
User
Inputs
Functional
or Physical
Elements
Store
Output
Store
Blank
Paper
Enclose
Printer
Provide
Structural
Support
Cartridge
Position
Cartridge
In X-Axis
Position
Paper
In Y-Axis
Supply
DC
Power
“Pick”
Paper
Control
Printer
Command
Printer
Connect
to
Host
Communicate
with
Host
Display
Status
Accept
User
Inputs
Paper Tray
Print
Mechanism
Logic Board
Chassis
Enclosure
User Interface Board
Host Driver
Software
Power Cord
and “Brick”
Functional
or Physical
Elements
Chunks
Enclosure
Paper Tray
Chassis
Mechanism
User Interface
Board
Logic
Board
Power Cord
and “Brick”
Host Driver
Software
Styling
Vibration
Thermal Distortion
Thermal Distortion
RF Interference
RF Shielding
- Product architecture development is related to establishing a product platform.
- If chunks or modules can be replaced easily within the product architecture, “derivative products” can be made from the same basic platform as technology, market tastes, or manufacturing skills change.
- Examples: 200 versions of the Sony Walkman from four platforms.
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Figure 13.5
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- Comprehensive Prototype: complete, fully-functioning, full-size product ready to be examined by customers.
- Focused Prototype: not fully functioning or developed, but designed to examine a limited number of performance attributes or features.
- Examples: a crude, working prototype of an electric bicycle; a foam or wood bicycle to determine customers’ reactions to the proposed shape and form.
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- Co-location
- Digital co-location
- Global teams
- Produceability engineer
- Upstream partnering with vendors
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- Greatly accelerates the design step and allows assessment of multiple possible designs without building expensive prototypes.
- Design for Manufacturability (DFM): search for ways to minimize manufacturing costs.
- Design for Assembly (DFA): search for ways to ease assembly and manufacture.
- Rational for DFM: A seemingly trivial detail in design phase might have huge manufacturing cost consequences later on!
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- Determining fit of subassemblies: does the radio/CD player protrude too far into the engine area?
- Facilitating “decking” of cars (attaching the power train to the upper body): do all the pieces fit together perfectly?
- Crashworthiness: can we modify any aspects of the car’s design to improve its ability to protect the passengers in a crash?
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