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311NativismDuringtheRoaring20s2CPart2.pptxPart II: Nativism: During The Roaring 20’s
32 out of 92 million Americans in 1910 were 1st or 2nd generation immigrants
Questions for History:
What is nativism in American history?
How did nativism influence American attitudes toward World War One?
In what sense did nativism during World War One lead to “big government” in America?
What effect did nativist views have on civil liberties during the war?
How did nativism continue to influence American culture after the war?
I. Nativism During the Great War
After a long absence, Ku Klux Klan is reformed in 1915, Fulton County, Georgia.
“Native White Protestant Supremacy”
“I certainly would not be one even to suggest that a man cease to love the home of his birth and the nation of his origin. . . But it is one thing to love the place where you were born and it is another thing to dedicate yourself to the place to which you go. You cannot dedicate yourself to America unless you become in every respect and with every purpose of your will thorough Americans. Some Americans need hyphens in their names, because only part of them has come over, but when the whole man has come over, heart and thought and all, the hyphen drops of its own weight out of his name.”
--President Woodrow Wilson “Hyphenated Americans”
President Wilson defines the real “Americans”
Long tradition of fearing immigrants in American history….
Mary Dyer hung by Puritans for her Quaker beliefs, 1660
Ben Franklin advocated English only in Pa.
Anti-Irish/Catholic Know-Nothing political party gained influence in 1850s
Nativism: a fear of all things foreign.
Nativism in the Roaring 1920s…
The Great Steel Strike of 1919 began in the steel industry…
…and spread to other industries such as mining, with more than one million workers nationwide involved.
Federal government steps up raids on suspected radicals…
U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
In 1919, J. Edgar Hoover was put appointed by the Attorney General to head up a new division of the Justice Bureau of Investigation. By October 1919 Hoover’s agents had collected 150,000 names of suspected “radicals.” Arrests and deportations follow.
… a “Red Scare” spreads across America as the government blames Communists for the Great Strike.
Arrest of suspected “anarchists” Sacco and Vanzetti…
Arrested in 1920 for the murder of two men during a payroll robbery. Their trial became a debate over nativism, and ended with their conviction and execution in 1927.
Government crackdown on immigration…
National Origins Act, 1924 limited the number of immigrants to 2% of their numbers from 1890.
Virginia passed the “Racial Integrity Act of 1924,” which banned marriage between whites and “Mongolian, American Indian, Asiatic Indian, Malay, or any mixture thereof” as well.
President Coolidge signing into law the National Origins Act, 1924.
Even Prohibition was directed against wartime fear of German influences…
Ratified in 1919, the law prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol for purposes of consumption.
Growth of Nativist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan…
Touting “Native, White, Protestant, Supremacy” the Klan’s members grew into the millions in the 1920s
Popular motion pictures mythologized the Klan as a heroic and patriotic organization.
Klan marchers in Washington, D.C. and (right) sheet music to the song “We Are All Loyal Klansmen”
Religious fundamentalists passing laws to restrict “foreign” and un-Christian teachings in public schools…
… Scopes Trial 1925 drew national attention to the issue of science and the teaching of evolution in the public schools.
The Butler Act of Tennessee banned the teaching of any doctrine that denied the theory of creation featured in the Bible in any public schools in the state.
