Final Paper

Understanding Global Geography and Climate

Agenda

◦Tech problems ◦Discuss Marks “Preface” and “Intro”

◦Lesson: Geography & Climate

HW: Finish Chapter 1

HW: Reading Quiz #2

due TOMORROW at

11:59 pm

Quiz Troubleshooting

SUNY Old Westbury Blackboard help: ◦IT Service Desk ◦Open SUNY Helpdesk: 1-844-673-6786 (844- OPENSUNY) or go to http://open.suny.edu/help Monday - Thursday 8am-9pm EST Friday 8am-5pm EST Saturday 10am-5pm EST

Sunday 1pm-9pm EST

Divide into groups of 4.

1. I will assign groups a question to answer.

2. Discuss only this question.

3. After 5 minutes, I will place you in a group with people who answered the other questions

4. You will ‘teach’ your group the answer to your question.

5. Be prepared to answer questions that your classmates have about this.

1. What are the four interrelated themes that Marks studies to explain the “Origins of the Modern World”?

2. How/why does he disagree with the “rise of the West” or “Eurocentric” narratives? How does that relate to an “ethnocentric” narrative?

3. When is the ‘modern’ era and what features describe it? How do historians typically write about the origins of the modern era?

4. How does Marks integrate environment into his history? What are examples of events in history that he points out where the environment affected humans?

Geography and Climate

Turn to partner – discuss •What are two ways that you’ve interacted with the environment – the physical world – today? (think: weather, transport options, the foods you ate, any diseases you’ve gotten, encounters with animals)

•What is your favorite vacation destination? What do you like about it? Does something different about the environment affect your decision where to vacation? How?

Why do we care about which direction rivers flow or how often rain falls?

MINERAL DEPOSITS

Mineral deposits

Affects the relative value of minerals

Also makes certain mineral- rich regions more prosperous OR desirable for outsiders

Mineral deposits

http://www.treasurenet.com/forums/attachment.php?attachmentid=632007&d=1336013948

Iron age

Bone stone

Shell Age

FOSSIL FUELS

- Deposits from

ancient

biological matter

- Formation

depends on

specific

conditions of

heat and

pressure

Fossil fuels

https://slideplayer.com/slide/12767993/77/i

mages/3/Formation+of+fossil+fuels.jpg

Fossil fuels http://firesideresearch.com/wp-

content/uploads/2011/12/coal-

deposits1.gif

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_petroleum_systems.png/1280px-World_petroleum_systems.png

Fossil fuels

Does

anyone

know what

this map

represents?

CLIMATE HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE IT?

Climate is not weather (daily meteorological

conditions like air pressure, humidity,

temperature, precipitation, winds, sunshine or

cloudiness) but the average weather patterns

and behavior over a long period of time

WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE?

LATITUDE

BODIES OF WATER

ALTITUDE

TERRAIN

WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE?

LATITUDE

BODIES OF WATER

ALTITUDE

TERRAIN

L A T I T U D E

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiRl9eWi7Hd

AhXtQ98KHdGpDcEQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbwstoa.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F10%2Ffactors-that-

influence-climate.html&psig=AOvVaw0GgHLKh8oEI76PWtxwxuz2&ust=1536691256576191

The sun’s

energy

causes

circulating

currents (air

and ocean)

https://images.slideplayer.co

m/34/10193608/slides/slide_

12.jpg

Because of

winds at

equator,

seasons

marked by

wet/dry

periods

WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE?

LATITUDE

BODIES OF WATER

ALTITUDE

TERRAIN

https://images.slideplayer.c

om/26/8546129/slides/slide

_26.jpg

- Water heats

and cools more

slowly than

land does

- Less variation

of temperature

near bodies of

water

WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE?

LATITUDE

BODIES OF WATER

ALTITUDE

TERRAIN

• higher elevations =

less pressure

(gravity)

• less pressure = gas

molecules expand

• expanding molecules

cool down (volume

and temp of gas have

inverse relationship)

https://kestrelinstruments.com/pub/media/wysiwyg/smartwave/porto/kestrel/images/

Density_Altitude_-Column_of_Air.png

Different

elevations,

different

ecosystems

Mid-Class review quiz

• Why is it warmer at the equator than at the

poles?

• How does water moderate temperature?

• How does the ocean current circulation affect

the globe?

• Why does the temperature drop as you go up

a mountain?

WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE?

LATITUDE

BODIES OF WATER

ALTITUDE

TERRAIN

Terrain includes elevation and

proximity to bodies of water, also

includes:

- Topography (shape of land)

- Vegetation coverage

Tibetan Plateau Gobi Desert

Topography

https://2012bo

oks.lardbucket.o

rg/books/regio

nal-geography-

of-the-world-

globalization-

people-and-

places/section_

04/d1fd0cddb

141801dff4eac

4b548c5113.jp

g

Valley and Mountain Breezes

24-hr convection cycles

- During the day, warm mountains cause heat to rise, pulls air up from

valley

- During the night, as mountain cools, cooler air sinks down into the valley

- Regional climatic effect

Topography

https://www.dwd.de/EN/research/climateenvironment/climate_impact/urbanism/urban_heat_island/urbanheatisland_node.html

Heat islands

- Emissions

- Materials

capture

solar

radiation

Topography

vegetation climate

• Plant growth

depends on the

climate

• Plant/vegetation

coverage can

affect a region’s

climate

Temperature

and

precipitation

(rainfall)

affect what

plants grow

VEGETATION AFFECTS CLIMATE

- trees/plants absorb warmth

- plants part of hydrological cycle

(store water, keep in soil)

- trees block wind/sun (less

evaporation)

- transpiration release moisture into

the air (cooling, clouds, reflection)

http://theclimatelemon.com/8-amazing-benefits-of-trees/

HOW HAVE THESE FACTORS INFLUENCED WORLD HISTORY?

Think of three examples

cited above think how

they will connect with

Marks’ arguments.

To Do List

HW: Finish Chapter 1

HW: Reading Quiz #2 due

TOMORROW at 11:59 PM