Enviromental World History

Understanding GlobalGeography andClimate

Agenda

• ◦Tech problems
• ◦Discuss Marks“Preface” and“Intro”
• ◦Lesson: Geography& Climate
1. Finish Chapter 1
2. ReadingQuiz#2dueTOMORROW at11:59 pm

Quiz Troubleshooting

• SUNY Old Westbury Blackboard help:
• ◦IT Service Desk
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Divide into groups of 4.

• 1.I will assign groups a question to answer.
• 2.Discussonly this question.
• 3.After5 minutes, I will place you in a group withpeoplewho answered the other questions
• 4.You will ‘teach’ your group the answer to your question.
• 5.Be prepared to answer questions that your classmateshave about this.
• 1.What are the four interrelated themes that Marks studies toexplain the “Origins of the Modern World”?
• 2.How/why does he disagree with the “rise of the West” or“Eurocentric” narratives? How does that relate to an“ethnocentric” narrative?
• 3.When is the ‘modern’ era and what features describe it? Howdo historians typically write about the origins of the modernera?
• 4.How does Marks integrate environment into his history?What are examples of events in history that he points outwhere the environment affected humans?

Geography and Climate

Turn to partner–discuss

• What are two ways that you’ve interacted withthe environment–the physical world–today?(think: weather, transport options, the foods you ate, anydiseases you’ve gotten, encounters with animals)
• What is your favorite vacation destination? Whatdo you like about it? Does something differentabout the environment affect your decision whereto vacation? How?

Why do we care aboutwhich direction rivers flowor how often rain falls?

MINERAL DEPOSITS

Mineral deposits

• Affects therelative value ofminerals
• Also makescertain mineral-rich regions moreprosperous ORdesirable foroutsiders

Mineral deposits

http://www.treasurenet.com/forums/attachment.php?attachmentid=632007&d=1336013948

Iron age

Bone stone

Shell Age

FOSSIL FUELS

• Deposits fromancientbiological matter
• Formationdepends onspecificconditions ofheat andpressure

Fossil fuels

https://slideplayer.com/slide/12767993/77/images/3/Formation+of+fossil+fuels.jpg

Fossil fuels

http://firesideresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/coal-deposits1.gif

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_petroleum_systems.png/1280px-World_petroleum_systems.png

Fossil fuels

Doesanyoneknow whatthis maprepresents?

CLIMATE

HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE IT?

Climate isnotweather (daily meteorologicalconditions like air pressure, humidity,temperature, precipitation, winds, sunshine orcloudiness) but the average weather patternsand behavior over a long period of time

WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE?

LATITUDE

BODIES OF WATER

ALTITUDE

TERRAIN

WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE?

LATITUDE

BODIES OF WATER

ALTITUDE

TERRAIN

LATITUDE

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiRl9eWi7HdAhXtQ98KHdGpDcEQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbwstoa.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F10%2Ffactors-that-influence-climate.html&psig=AOvVaw0GgHLKh8oEI76PWtxwxuz2&ust=1536691256576191

The sun’senergycausescirculatingcurrents (airand ocean)

https://images.slideplayer.com/34/10193608/slides/slide_12.jpg

Because ofwinds atequator,seasonsmarked bywet/dryperiods

WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE?

LATITUDE

BODIES OF WATER

ALTITUDE

TERRAIN

https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8546129/slides/slide_26.jpg

• Waterheatsand cools moreslowly thanlanddoes
• Less variationof temperaturenear bodies ofwater

WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE?

LATITUDE

BODIES OF WATER

ALTITUDE

TERRAIN

• higher elevations =less pressure(gravity)
• less pressure = gasmolecules expand
• expanding moleculescool down (volumeand temp of gas haveinverse relationship)

https://kestrelinstruments.com/pub/media/wysiwyg/smartwave/porto/kestrel/images/Density_Altitude_-Column_of_Air.png

Differentelevations,differentecosystems

Mid-Class review quiz

• Why is it warmer at the equator than at thepoles?
• How does water moderate temperature?
• How does the ocean current circulation affectthe globe?
• Why does the temperature drop as you go upa mountain?

WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE?

LATITUDE

BODIES OF WATER

ALTITUDE

TERRAIN

Terrain includes elevation andproximity to bodies of water, alsoincludes:

• Topography (shape of land)
• Vegetation coverage

TibetanPlateau

Gobi Desert

Topography

https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/regional-geography-of-the-world-globalization-people-and-places/section_04/d1fd0cddb141801dff4eac4b548c5113.jpg

Valley and Mountain Breezes

24-hr convection cycles

• During the day, warm mountains cause heat to rise, pulls air up fromvalley
• During the night, as mountain cools, cooler air sinks down into the valley
• Regional climatic effect

Topography

https://www.dwd.de/EN/research/climateenvironment/climate_impact/urbanism/urban_heat_island/urbanheatisland_node.html

Heat islands

• Emissions
• Materialscapturesolarradiation

Topography

• Plant growthdepends on theclimate
• Plant/vegetationcoverage canaffect a region’sclimate

Temperatureandprecipitation(rainfall)affect whatplants grow

VEGETATIONAFFECTSCLIMATE-trees/plants absorb warmth

• plants part of hydrological cycle(store water, keep in soil)
• trees block wind/sun (lessevaporation)
• transpiration release moisture intothe air (cooling, clouds, reflection)

http://theclimatelemon.com/8-amazing-benefits-of-trees/

HOW HAVE THESE FACTORSINFLUENCED WORLD HISTORY?

Think of three examplescited above think howthey will connect withMarks’ arguments.

To Do List

1. Finish Chapter 1
2. ReadingQuiz#2 dueTOMORROW at 11:59 PM