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3_BonesoftheFace.pptxBones of the Face
Quick Refresher Material…
Remember, there are 2 divisions of the skeleton
Axial
Appendicular
Axial Skeleton
We are working with the head (skull), which is part of the axial skeleton
Again, think “axis”
To help you in anatomy, for the appendicular skeleton, think “appendages”
That will help you understand the differences between the axial and appendicular
Important Reminder:
Proper terminology is vital.
Skull = the cranium AND the mandible
Cranium = skull without the mandible
Cartilage Associated with the Skull
Remember as we move forward, that the external ear and the nose are made up of cartilaginous material, not bone
Bones of The Face
There are 22 bones of the skull:
8 are Cranial Bones
14 are Facial Bones
Some of these bones are single, and some are paired (have a left and a right).
Skull Bones Broken Down (Single and Pairs)
Bones of the Skull with some bone features listed:
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Radiograph of the Skull:
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Cranial (8)
Facial (14)
…22 Bones of the Skull
Know the special characteristics and features of each of these bones
This week we will focus on…
The 14 bones of the face
**Palatine Note Shown
Maxilla (Plural= Maxillae)
Maxilla Features:
(pages 48-51)
-Alveolar processes -Incisive foramen
-Palatine process
-Infraorbital foramen
Maxillary Bones
Singular: Left and Right Maxilla
Plural: Maxillae
Help form:
Eyesockets
Nasal Cavity
Palatine process, or anterior roof of mouth (Horizontal portion of maxilla, see figure above)
Upper jaw
Houses alveolar processes (where teeth are rooted)
The maxillae form more of the roof of the mouth than the palatine bones
The maxillae also house maxillary sinuses
Maxilla
Mandible
Body
Ramus
Mandibular condyles
Coronoid process
Mental foramen
Mandible
Forms the lower jaw
Main portion (horizontal and anterior) is called the “body”
(i.e. “body of the mandible”)
Also called your chin
The posterior, vertical portion is the “ramus”
The “tip of the chin” has a feature called the “Mental eminence”
So, any time you hear/see the word “mental,” it is usually in reference to the chin/chin area
Anyone, remember “The Thinker” in art?
Let him trigger your memory on the word “mental” when referencing bones
Mandible (cont.)
Also has alveolar processes which house teeth
Angle of the mandible
Where the bone turns from horizontal to vertical
You feel this beneath your earlobe
Mandibular condyle
Fits into depression (mandibular fossa) in the temporal bone
This is the joint that allows you to chew
Mandible
Zygomatic Bone(see pages 43-44)
Zygomatic Bones
AKA: Malar bones
Commonly called: cheek bones
Temporal process of the zygomatic bone adjoins the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Nasal Bones
Nasal Bones
Two very small bones that form what is commonly called the bridge of the nose
You will be learning to call this area something different in the future
Vomer
Vomer
Singular bone
Runs in the midline of the nasal cavity
Forms the nasal septum (along with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone)
Lacrimal Bones
Lacrimal Bones
Lacrimal is Latin for “tears”
So think of your tear ducts
Located in the anterior and medial portion of the eyesocket
Lacrimal bones are very fragile
Palatine Bones
These bones form the posterior roof of the mouth
Inferior Nasal Conchae
These two bones are on the lateral edge of the nasal cavity
Views of Skull
Various views of the skull give you the opportunity to observe the various bones.
Make sure you are comfortable with your anatomical terms:
Anterior (front), Posterior (back)
Inferior (lower), Superior (upper)
Medial (towards the middle), Lateral (towards the side)
Proximal (nearest), Distal (farthest)
Etc.
Right, Lateral View of the Skull
Inferior View of the Cranium (Cranium because…the mandible is not present)
Endocranial View (Inferior Portion)
If you have ever seen a cranial autopsy, this is the view with the top of the skull, called the “calvarium” or “calotte” removed
Right, Lateral View again
Left, Lateral Internal View
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Frontal View or Anterior View
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Have a great week!
You’ve got this!
Keep practicing! And use the apps!
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