Earth Science Homework

Fill in the blank.

1. The _______ refers to the region below the mixed layer where salinity changes as you move deeper underwater.

2. Ocean waves are driven by drag between _______ and the surface of the ocean.

3. Salinity refers to the content of _______ in seawater.

4. All salts are _______ compounds.

5. The trade winds form due to the _______ effect.

Respond to the following based on your reading.

6. Briefly explain how variations in water density can cause horizontal convection currents in seawater.

7. Briefly explain how variations in water density can cause horizontal convection currents in seawater.

8. The Pacific Ocean has _______ water than the Atlantic Ocean.

9. _______ circulation moves water between warmer and cooler, and saltier and less salty, areas of the ocean.

10. If the thermohaline circulation stops due to global warming, Europe will likely become _______.

11. The vehicles that move underwater to gather ocean data are known as _______.

12. _______ is one of the two water masses that are part of the thermohaline circulation.

Respond to the following based on your reading.

6. Briefly explain the forces that drive thermohaline circulation between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fill in the blank.

1. Urban development increases demand for _______, especially after large storms or floods.

2. Many islands are formed from underwater _______ activity.

3. If a cliff is observed to have retreated from its previous location, this is due to _______.

4. Deposition and _______ are two processes that cause sediment accumulation and give a shoreline its particular shape.

Respond to the following based on your reading.

5. Briefly describe how different types of reefs can form around an island. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fill in the blank.

1. Lumps of iron and manganese ore called ________ can be harvested from the seafloor near underwater volcanoes.

2. Coral in the ocean has been significantly damaged from _______, which increases ocean acidity.

3. Coral reefs lose their color through a process known as _______.

4. _______ are the organisms that live in a mutualistic relationship with coral.

5. The disaster of an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico occurred on the _______.

6. The nodules that serve as an important habitat for marine life are _______.

Respond to the following based on your reading.

7. How do humans accumulate microplastics inside their bodies from the ocean? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fill in the blank.

1. The two most important factors that characterize climate are ________ and temperature.

2. A scientist studying short-term weather patterns needs to look at _______.

3. Both precipitation and _______ influence what the climate is in a specific area.

4. A hiker knows she is on the _______ side of a mountain because there’s a lot of vegetation.

5. When the temperature is significantly warmer in the northern part of North America, a/an _______ oscillation is taking place.

Respond to the following based on your reading.

6. Describe how the Antarctic Circumpolar Current helps regulate the European climate.

7. The temperature and pressure in the subpolar and polar zones are very close to the ________ for water.

8. _______ regions are the only climate regions where water can exist as a gas, liquid, and solid.

9. The most popular system for classifying climate in different regions on Earth is the ________ climate classification system.

Respond to the following based on your reading.

4. Briefly explain what data scientists use to analyze climate and why they use these data.

Fill in the blank.

1. A strong negative feedback process can cause Earth's climate to reach a state of ________.

2. Climate change occurring throughout history is known as _______.

3. _______ describes one climate system interacting with and weakening another climate system.

4. Plate tectonics changing the climate is known as _______.

5. _______ is the phenomenon that causes continents to move.

Respond to the following based on your reading.

6. How do feedback loops slow the progression of climate change?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. ________ feedback can lead to global warming or global cooling and is related to polar ice caps and glaciers.

8. The reverse of the ice-albedo feedback is an increase in _______.

9. Blackbody radiation is one example of ________ feedback in Earth's climate.

Respond to the following based on your reading.

4. Choose two feedback processes and describe how they're related to each other.

5. Describe how ice-albedo feedback causes global warming.

10.