Order 1278525: fundamental of construction
tutorthammy
2eChapter17Cliff.pptTrends
Chapter 17
Trends
In the face of a growing population and growing economies, a diverse housing inventory must be increased, transportation systems must be expanded and improved, and manufacturing and commercial facilities must be constructed.
Accelerated Construction
The implementation of complex construction projects involves diverse "skill sets." The skills to maintain safety, obtain a quality project, and achieve project completion milestones are constructability, enhanced construction management methods, contractor design input, and improved construction scheduling.
Innovative Contracting Methods
- Qualifications-based-procurement,
- Design-build
- Best-value procurement
- In Europe the use of nontraditional contracting and innovative financing techniques.
Construction equipment or automated/preprogrammed machinery (robots) will incorporate advanced guiding, monitoring, and coordinating technologies.
Technologies for Guiding and Monitoring
Motion trace of a tower crane’s hook imposed on a building floor plan view
Technologies for Guiding, Monitoring, and Coordinating
Construction equipment will incorporate advanced guiding, monitoring, and coordinating technologies.
Technologies for Guiding, Monitoring, and Coordinating
Many of these technologies were developed for the purposes of aeronautic navigation.
- Inertial navigation systems
- Active beacon navigation systems
- Radio frequency identification systems.
Maturity Meters
Concrete maturity meters use thermocouples installed in plastic concrete, which automatically record hydration temperatures at given time intervals. With this data it is possible to estimate concrete strength.
Smart Structures
The ultimate dream is to integrate four operating areas into one single computerized system:
Energy efficiency
Life safety systems
Telecommunications systems
Workplace automation
RFID Technology
RFID technology provides the means to wirelessly transfer of information via a tag or transponder and a reader. RFID tags can be attached to almost any object including construction materials or equipment.
Smart Structures
The ultimate dream is to integrate four operating areas into one single computerized system:
Energy efficiency
Life safety systems
Telecommunications systems
Workplace automation
4-D visualization
By using computer graphics, engineers can form
- Four-dimensional (4-D)
visual simulations of projects, creating a virtual building process on the computer.
4-D visualization
Virtual reality tools allow for better construction project:
- Planning
- Management
- Documentation
Total Electronic Integration
There will be total electronic integration of the entire process of planning, design, and construction, linking together each step of the process in universally accessible electronic files.
Four-D Visualization allows
- Linking model objects with schedule activities
- Simulating construction
- Communicating in a visual environment
Four-D Visualization
Walt Disney Imagineering (WDI) the planning, design, engineering, and project management area of The Walt Disney Company has been working with university researchers to develop a 4-D visualization-scheduling package.
Four-D Visualization
The driver behind effort is the cost of
- errors and
- omissions
in project plans.
Over the Wall Deliverables
Over the Wall Deliverables
Mostly 2D CAD files
Many constituencies with different nomenclatures & standards
Thousands of sheets & pages
Thousands of paper- based transactions
Over the Wall Deliverables
Highly dependent on people
Difficult if not impossible to share data
No capture of reasoning - the why and how?
Four-D Visualization
Allows concurrent design & engineering
virtual and rapid prototyping
model-based processes in all phases of life cycle
Four-D Visualization
Allows concurrent design & engineering
broadly shared data
constructor input during early project stages
Imagineering Goal
To decrease life cycle cost through
simulation of design and construction.
The Goals
To decrease life cycle cost by:
- capturing & clarifying the design rationale
- leveraging data – making date easily available to all
The First 4-D tool
Provided the capability to:
Link model objects with schedule activities
Simulate construction
Communicate in a visual environment
Paradise Pier Project
Demonstrated what if scenarios for the project’s coaster erection.
Communicating with CM
Reduced time float for understanding
Identification of conflicts
Paradise Pier Project
Paradise Pier Project
Demonstrated what if scenarios for the project’s coaster erection.
Communicating with GC
Pre- bid visualization
Snapshots of critical milestones
Video of real time sequence
August 21, 2000 simulation
Paradise Pier Project
The first prototype 4-D system proved the communicating concepts. The planners were able to successfully examine what if scenarios for coaster erection.
Reality check
There were several issues that were identified during this prototype trial.
- Level of detail should reflect level
of decision
- Evolve nomenclature from schedule
for activities relating to elements
- Animation versus simulation
Lessons Learned
- Effective visual front- end
- Validated construction schedule
- Ran what if scenarios for coaster track erection
- Demystified project scope to potential bidders
- Nomenclature is vital to success
Coaster Track Steel Communication
Current methods - describe less than the whole picture, each participant had a different nomenclature for the same item. The system forced the adoption of a comprehensible set of descriptions of all elements and element attributes.
Nomenclature vital to success
Disney Concert Hall project
The goals were to enhance the Architect, Engineer, Constructor, and Owner productivity and to work as a team in developing the 4-D system.
Disney Concert Hall
Disney Concert Hall
Each element of this very complicated, the structure was broken down into a series of models.
Models
- Surface models that modeled the visible surfaces
- Surface pattern models of relevant architectural patterns
- Models of the concrete top, bottom, and edge surfaces
- Steel 3d Model prepared by detailers for every steel member.
Steel 3D Model
Conflicts
Architectural Concrete too late for curtain wall, - Revise Sequence
Conflicts
Conflicts
Emerging Technologies
Proactive computing
Non-monolith documents
Artificial life schedule optimization
Audit agents
Holographic storage
Nanotechnology
Exskeleton robots
Tacit knowledge extraction
Chapter 17 Homework
Due next class
- 17.1
- 17.8
- 17.10
