have 11 questions done by tmm from a psychology assignment
Kevinv13
28-PersonalityPsychologyPart3STUDENT.pptx
Personality Psychology
Part 3
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Social-Cognitive Approach
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Social-Cognitive Approach
Views behavior as a function of people’s knowledge, skills, and beliefs (cognitions) and the situation.
Are you the same person at home as you are…
In class? When hanging out with friends? At work?
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Social-Cognitive Approach: Structure
Self-referent cognitions: thoughts about the self
Directly affect emotion and behavior
Includes
Beliefs: ideas about yourself that you think are true.
Self-efficacy: beliefs about your own capabilities for performance
Goals: what we hope to achieve in the future.
Standards: ideas about the types of behavior that are acceptable or unacceptable.
Can vary across time and situations
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Social-Cognitive Approach: Structure
Skills: abilities that develop through experience, including interpersonal skills.
Affective Systems: psychological systems that generate mood and emotional states
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Social-Cognitive Approach: Process
Modeling: A form of learning in which knowledge and skills are acquired by observing others (aka observational learning)
Bobo-doll study
Self-regulation: people's efforts to control their own behavior and emotion.
Delay of gratification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLtQaRrDsC4
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The Marshmallow Test Revisited
The original results were based on studies that included fewer than 90 children—all enrolled in a preschool on Stanford’s campus.
Recent larger replications with more diverse participants indicate that social and economic background may cause both self-regulation ability and later success
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Social-Cognitive Approach: Assessment
Self-report (explicit measures)
Self-efficacy questionnaires
Implicit measures
Reaction times, e.g., me not me
Self-esteem IAT
Social context matters!
If… then… profile method
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| Theory | Structure | Processes | Assessment |
| Psychodynamic theory | Conscious and unconscious mental systems: id, ego, and superego | Anxiety and defense mechanisms | Free association and projective test (e.g., Rorschach test) |
| Humanistic theory | Self-concept: the actual and the ideal self | Self-actualization, conditions of worth | Measures of self-concept (e.g., q-sort technique) |
| Trait theory | Stable individual differences in average behavioral tendencies, OCEAN | Traits cause behaviors | Comprehensive self-report questionnaires (e.g., NEO-PI-R) |
| Social-cognitive theory | Socially acquired cognition (self-referent cognition, skills) and affective of systems | Learning skills, regulating emotion and behavior | Contextualize measures of cognition and behavior (e.g., self-efficacy measures, if... then... profiles) |
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