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Step 1: Understand the rules for safe specimen processing

· The lab technician must adhere to the standard precautions to maintain the viability of the specimen.

· The tube with plasma must be placed in an upright position. The position allows the blood to clot for at least half an hour.

· For Plasma, centrifuge the specimen upon drawing it.

· Maintain the ideal temperatures to conserve its integrity.

· The universal precautions of infection prevention must be followed succinctly

· Where blood fluids are anticipated, the worker must wear the protective gears

· A recap of sharp objects is not allowed. They must be disposed of in a sharps container

· A stable collecting rack should be available to collect all the well-labeled tubes (with blood specimens) in their respective bar codes

Tubes for Blood specimen collection

Step 2: Immediate processing and Operating the Centrifuge process

· Allow the specimen tubes to remain at room temperatures for at least half an hour until blood clotting occurs. Setting a timer for this can be quite efficient (Specimen tubes A and B).

· Do quick centrifugation to separate all the layers of the blood

· Specimen Tubes C and D can be centrifuged within 15 minutes of collection for at least 10 minutes at four degrees Celsius to maintain integrity. A concise record of the time at the start of spinning works well.

· The centrifuge should come to a halt before opening the specimen lid

Figure 1: The samples after centrifuge process

Step 3: Processing the Plasma

· Begins within 15 minutes after venipuncture

· The blood sample must be mixed with the anticoagulant such as EDTA, heparin or sodium citrate to counteract any probability of coagulation (Estridge, Anna and Norma 12)

· Do not alter and disturb the white blood cells layer. The layer is a buffy coat and is evident as a thin layer between the lower pack of red blood cells and the upper plasma layer

· Do clear labeling indicating that the specimen has undergone centrifuging

· After aspirating the plasma, discard the rest in the biohazard waste container

· In case the sample is supposed to be shipped, freezing at -80 degrees Celsius is mandatory.

· Pipette the plasma to the transport tube, clearly indicating the volume, and labeled as per the client details.

· If the D Vacutainer® Plasma Preparation Tube was used in plasma preparation, then there is no need of transferring to the transporter tube again.

Figure 2: Plasma processing

Step 4: Processing of the serum

· The separation of serum should start at least within 30 minutes after venipuncture.

· The specimen tubes should be spun at room temperature for at least ten minutes.

· Remove the stoppers when the centrifuge comes to a close stop

· Withdraw the serum using a pipet

· Discard the remaining content in a biohazard container

· Figure 3: separating the Serum Figure 3:

Step 5: Blood smear preparation

· The procedure allows the technologist to view the actual physical appearance of the blood cells and their morphology (Ernst, 395)

· Handle the glass slide by the edges

· Introduce a small drop of blood on one of the clean glass. Repeat and introduce a second drop on the second slide (at least 1-2mm in diameter).

· Spread the drop at an angle of 45 degrees. Blood should spread to the edges of the spreader slide.

· Let the sample films to dry without blowing or applying fixatives

Blood Smear preparation summary

Works cited

Ernst, Dennis J. Applied Phlebotomy. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. Print.

Estridge, Barbara H, Anna P. Reynolds, and Norma J. Walters. Basic Medical Laboratory Techniques. Spain: Delmar, 2000. Print.