Final Paper

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS

Agenda

•Lecture

•Partner up for next

week’s workshop

•Work on paper time

•HW: Marks, pgs. 185-207

•HW: Reading Quiz #12 due

TOMORROW NIGHT

•HW: draft due next Tuesday

•MUST BRING PAPER COPY

Early Environmental Action

•1847-60: East India Trading Co. surgeon supported forest conservation in Bombay, India

•Late 19th cent: large places (US, Australia) adopt national conservation parks

•1900: colonists in Africa set aside wildlife reserves (for hunting)

• only where it did not interfere with economic needs

Pre-1970s: Little Environmentalism

•After WWII, countries focused on rebuilding

•African and Asian societies concerned about fight

for independence

•Everywhere industrialization was emphasized

Environmental damage in 20th century

Damage to atmosphere:

•1920s: Freon (air conditioning) invented • created hole in ozone layer over Antarctica

•1930s/40s: rise in mass car ownership • Leaded gasoline

• Exhaust: sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide (greenhouse gases)

•Tropical forests deforested

•Reduced the carbon dioxide absorbed from atmosphere

Dr. Thomas Midley, Jr.

Damage to land  new machines

•Mining for metals / precious stones • https://youtu.be/j6YGReCFdGI

•What is the argument of speaker?

•What does he say his company offers people?

•Who does he claim want his help? Who opposes him?

•How do his works relate to the pictures shown?

Damage to land  new machines

•Mining for metals / precious stones • https://youtu.be/j6YGReCFdGI

•Tractors/fertilizers

•Disrupted soil – reduced nutrients

•2010: Land for agriculture 3x size of South America

•Soil stores carbon: by disrupting, released into

atmosphere

What changed the situation?

What changed the situation?

•1968: world wide protests against authority •Anti-colonial

•Anti-nuclear

•Gender equality

•Pro-environment

Rachel Carson (1907-1964)

• Aquatic zoologist

• Silent Spring (1962)

• Attacked chemical companies

that manufactured pesticides

like DDT

• Millions supported 

eventually led to mobilization

and Earth Day (1970)

Unfolding environmental waves

2 waves •Mid 1960s to late 1970s: wealthier nations

•Pollution, nuclear power, urbanization, ozone, tropical deforestation

•1980s: poorer ‘developing’ nations

•Resources, clean water, local pollution, exploitation of land

Global Efforts to Protect Earth

•1961: World Wildlife Fund

•1969: Green Peace/ Friends of the Earth

•1973: Project Tiger (India) protected

territory for tigers

•1968-1992 international agreements

•Protect wetlands (1971), endangered species

(1973), migratory species (1979), bio

diversity (1992)

Hindrances

•Humans have specific plants (crops) and animals

(livestock) that they raise

•humans care less about other animals or plants

•Cheap energy allows better lives

•So, oil and other fossil fuels will be extracted and

burned

•Economic growth is goal

•People/companies want wealth, so environment is

disregarded

Homework

•HW: Marks, pgs. 185-207

•HW: Reading Quiz #12 due TOMORROW NIGHT

•HW: draft due next Tuesday

•MUST BRING PAPER COPY