Intermediate Accounting 2
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2333712767572118306.pptx15-‹#›
PREVIEW OF CHAPTER
Intermediate Accounting
IFRS 2nd Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
15
15-‹#›
Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.
Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Explain the accounting for share dividends and share splits.
Indicate how to present and analyze equity.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Equity
15
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
Identify the key components of equity.
Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
Describe the accounting for treasury shares.
15-‹#›
Three primary forms of business organization.
Proprietorship
Partnership
Corporation
Special characteristics of the corporate form:
Influence of corporate law.
Use of the share system.
Development of a variety of ownership interests.
CORPORATE FORM OF ORGANIZATION
LO 1
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Corporate Law
Corporation must submit articles of incorporation to the appropriate governmental agency for the country in which incorporation is desired.
Governmental agency issues a corporation charter.
Advantage to incorporate where laws favor the corporate form of business organization.
CORPORATE FORM OF ORGANIZATION
LO 1
15-‹#›
Share System
In the absence of restrictive provisions, each share carries the following rights:
To share proportionately in profits and losses.
To share proportionately in management (the right to vote for directors).
To share proportionately in assets upon liquidation.
To share proportionately in any new issues of shares of the same class—called the preemptive right.
CORPORATE FORM OF ORGANIZATION
LO 1
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Variety of Ownership Interests
Ordinary shares represent the residual corporate interest.
Bears ultimate risks of loss.
Receives the benefits of success.
Not guaranteed dividends nor assets upon dissolution.
Preference shares are created by contract, when shareholders’ sacrifice certain rights in return for other rights or privileges, usually dividend preference.
CORPORATE FORM OF ORGANIZATION
LO 1
15-‹#›
Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.
Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Explain the accounting for share dividends and share splits.
Indicate how to present and analyze equity.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Equity
15
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
Identify the key components of equity.
Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
Describe the accounting for treasury shares.
15-‹#›
Equity is often subclassified on the statement of financial position into the following categories
Share capital.
Share premium.
Retained earnings.
Accumulated other comprehensive income.
Treasury shares.
Non-controlling interest (minority interest).
EQUITY
LO 2
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Contributed Capital
Retained Earnings
Account
Share Premium
Account
Less:
Treasury Shares
Account
Two Primary Sources of Equity
Ordinary Shares
Account
Preference Shares
Account
Assets – Liabilities = Equity
EQUITY
LO 2
15-‹#›
Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.
Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Explain the accounting for share dividends and share splits.
Indicate how to present and analyze equity.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Equity
15
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
Identify the key components of equity.
Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
Describe the accounting for treasury shares.
15-‹#›
Issuance of Shares
Accounting problems involved in the issuance of shares:
Par value shares.
No-par shares.
Shares issued in combination with other securities.
Shares issued in non-cash transactions.
Costs of issuing shares.
EQUITY
LO 3
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Par Value Shares
Low par values help companies avoid a contingent liability.
Corporations maintain accounts for:
Preference Shares or Ordinary Shares.
Share Premium.
EQUITY
LO 3
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No-Par Shares
Reasons for issuance:
Avoids contingent liability.
Avoids confusion over recording par value versus fair market value.
A major disadvantage of no-par shares is that some countries levy a high tax on these issues. In addition, in some countries the total issue price for no-par shares may be considered legal capital, which could reduce the flexibility in paying dividends.
EQUITY
LO 3
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Illustration: Video Electronics Corporation is organized with 10,000 ordinary shares authorized without par value. If Video Electronics issues 500 shares for cash at €10 per share, it makes the following entry.
Cash 5,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 5,000
EQUITY
Video Electronics issues another 500 shares for €11 per share.
Cash 5,500
Share Capital—Ordinary 5,500
LO 3
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Illustration: Some countries require that no-par shares have a stated value. If a company issued 1,000 of the shares with a €5 stated value at €15 per share for cash, it makes the following entry.
Cash 15,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 5,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 10,000
EQUITY
LO 3
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Shares Issued with Other Securities
Two methods of allocating proceeds:
Proportional method.
Incremental method.
EQUITY
LO 3
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Proportional Method
BE15-4: Ravonette Corporation issued 300 shares of $10 par value ordinary shares and 100 shares of $50 par value preference shares for a lump sum of $13,500. The ordinary shares have a market value of $20 per share, and the preference shares have a market value of $90 per share.
EQUITY
LO 3
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Cash 13,500
Share Capital—Preference (100 X $50) 5,000
Share Premium—Preference 3,100
Share Capital—Ordinary (300 X $10) 3,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 2,400
Journal entry (Proportional):
EQUITY
BE15-4: Ravonette Corporation issued 300 shares of $10 par value ordinary shares and 100 shares of $50 par value preference shares for a lump sum of $13,500. The ordinary shares have a market value of $20 per share, and the preference shares have a market value of $90 per share.
LO 3
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BE15-4 (Variation): Ravonette Corporation issued 300 shares of $10 par value ordinary shares and 100 shares of $50 par value preference shares for a lump sum of $13,500. The ordinary shares have a market value of $20 per share, and the value of preference shares are unknown.
Incremental Method
EQUITY
LO 3
15-‹#›
Journal entry (Incremental):
EQUITY
BE15-4 (Variation): Ravonette Corporation issued 300 shares of $10 par value ordinary shares and 100 shares of $50 par value preference shares for a lump sum of $13,500. The ordinary shares have a market value of $20 per share, and the value of preference shares are unknown.
Cash 13,500
Share Capital—Preference (100 X $50) 5,000
Share Premium—Preference 2,500
Share Capital—Ordinary (300 X $10) 3,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 3,000
LO 3
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Shares Issued in Noncash Transactions
The general rule: Companies should record shares issued for services or property other than cash at the
fair value of the goods or services received.
If the fair value of the goods or services cannot be measured reliably, use the fair value of the shares issued.
EQUITY
LO 3
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Illustration: The following series of transactions illustrates the procedure for recording the issuance of 10,000 shares of €10 par value ordinary shares for a patent for Marlowe Company, in various circumstances.
1. Marlowe cannot readily determine the fair value of the patent, but it knows the fair value of the shares is €140,000.
Patent 140,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 100,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 40,000
EQUITY
LO 3
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2. Marlowe cannot readily determine the fair value of the shares, but it determines the fair value of the patent is €150,000.
Patent 150,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 100,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 50,000
EQUITY
LO 3
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3. Marlowe cannot readily determine the fair value of the shares nor the fair value of the patent. An independent consultant values the patent at €125,000 based on discounted expected cash flows.
Patent 125,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 100,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 25,000
EQUITY
LO 3
15-‹#›
Costs of Issuing Stock
Direct costs incurred to sell shares, such as
underwriting costs,
accounting and legal fees,
printing costs, and
taxes,
should reduce the proceeds received from the sale of the shares.
EQUITY
LO 3
15-‹#›
Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.
Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Explain the accounting for share dividends and share splits.
Indicate how to present and analyze equity.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Equity
15
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
Identify the key components of equity.
Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
Describe the accounting for treasury shares.
15-‹#›
Reacquisition of Shares
Corporations purchase their outstanding shares to:
Provide tax-efficient distributions of excess cash to shareholders.
Increase earnings per share and return on equity.
Provide shares for employee compensation contracts or to meet potential merger needs.
Thwart takeover attempts or to reduce the number of shareholders.
Make a market in the shares.
EQUITY
LO 4
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Purchase of Treasury Shares
Two acceptable methods:
Cost method (more widely used).
Par or Stated value method.
Treasury shares reduce equity.
EQUITY
LO 4
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Illustration: Pacific Company issued 100,000 shares of $1 par value ordinary shares at a price of $10 per share. In addition, it has retained earnings of $300,000.
EQUITY
ILLUSTRATION 15-4
Equity with No Treasury
Shares
LO 4
15-‹#›
Illustration: Pacific Company issued 100,000 shares of $1 par value ordinary shares at a price of $10 per share. In addition, it has retained earnings of $300,000.
On January 20, 2015, Pacific acquires 10,000 of its shares at $11 per share. Pacific records the reacquisition as follows.
Treasury Shares 110,000
Cash 110,000
EQUITY
LO 4
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Illustration: The equity section for Pacific after purchase of the treasury shares.
EQUITY
ILLUSTRATION 15-5
Equity with Treasury
Shares
LO 4
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Sale of Treasury Shares
Above Cost
Below Cost
Both increase total assets and equity.
EQUITY
LO 4
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Sale of Treasury Shares above Cost. Pacific acquired 10,000 treasury shares at $11 per share. It now sells 1,000 shares at $15 per share on March 10. Pacific records the entry as follows.
Cash 15,000
Treasury Shares 11,000
Share Premium—Treasury 4,000
EQUITY
LO 4
15-‹#›
Sale of Treasury Shares below Cost. Pacific sells an additional 1,000 treasury shares on March 21 at $8 per share, it records the sale as follows.
Cash 8,000
Share Premium—Treasury 3,000
Treasury Shares 11,000
EQUITY
LO 4
15-‹#›
Illustration: Assume that Pacific sells an additional 1,000 shares at $8 per share on April 10.
Cash 8,000
Share Premium—Treasury 1,000
Retained Earnings 2,000
Treasury Shares 11,000
EQUITY
ILLUSTRATION 15-6
Treasury Share
Transactions in Share
Premium—Treasury
Account
LO 4
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Retiring Treasury Shares
Decision results in
cancellation of the treasury shares and
a reduction in the number of shares of issued shares.
Retired treasury shares have the status of authorized and unissued shares.
EQUITY
LO 4
15-‹#›
Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Explain the accounting for share dividends and share splits.
Indicate how to present and analyze equity.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Equity
15
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
Identify the key components of equity.
Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
Describe the accounting for treasury shares.
Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.
15-‹#›
Features often associated with preference shares.
Preference as to dividends.
Preference as to assets in the event of liquidation.
Convertible into ordinary shares.
Callable at the option of the corporation.
Non-voting.
PREFERENCE SHARES
LO 5
15-‹#›
Cumulative
Participating
Convertible
Callable
Redeemable
Features of Preference Shares
A corporation may attach whatever preferences or restrictions, as long as it does not violate its
country’s incorporation law.
The accounting for preference shares at issuance is similar to that for ordinary shares.
PREFERENCE SHARES
LO 5
15-‹#›
Illustration: Bishop Co. issues 10,000 shares of £10 par value preference shares for £12 cash per share. Bishop records the issuance as follows:
Cash 120,000
Share Capital—Preference 100,000
Share Premium—Preference 20,000
PREFERENCE SHARES
LO 5
15-‹#›
Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Explain the accounting for share dividends and share splits.
Indicate how to present and analyze equity.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Equity
15
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
Identify the key components of equity.
Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
Describe the accounting for treasury shares.
Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.
15-‹#›
DIVIDEND POLICY
Few companies pay dividends in amounts equal to their legally available retained earnings. Why?
Maintain agreements with creditors.
Meet corporation requirements.
To finance growth or expansion.
To smooth out dividend payments.
To build up a cushion against possible losses.
LO 6
15-‹#›
DIVIDEND POLICY
Before declaring a dividend, management must consider availability of funds to pay the dividend.
Should not pay a dividend unless both the present and future financial position warrant the distribution.
Financial Condition and Dividend Distributions
LO 6
15-‹#›
Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Explain the accounting for share dividends and share splits.
Indicate how to present and analyze equity.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Equity
15
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
Identify the key components of equity.
Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
Describe the accounting for treasury shares.
Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.
15-‹#›
Cash dividends.
Property dividends.
All dividends, except for share dividends, reduce the total equity in the corporation.
Liquidating dividends.
Share dividends.
Types of Dividends
DIVIDEND POLICY
LO 7
15-‹#›
Cash Dividends
Board of directors vote on the declaration of cash dividends.
A declared cash dividend is a liability.
Three dates:
Date of declaration
Date of record
Date of payment
Companies do not declare or pay cash dividends on treasury shares.
DIVIDEND POLICY
LO 7
15-‹#›
Illustration: Roadway Freight Corp. on June 10 declared a cash dividend of 50 cents a share on 1.8 million shares payable July 16 to all shareholders of record June 24.
At date of declaration (June 10)
Retained Earnings 900,000
Dividends Payable 900,000
At date of record (June 24) No entry
At date of payment (July 16)
Dividends Payable 900,000
Cash 900,000
DIVIDEND POLICY
LO 7
15-‹#›
Dividends payable in assets other than cash.
Restate at fair value the property it will distribute, recognizing any gain or loss.
DIVIDEND POLICY
Property Dividends
LO 7
15-‹#›
Illustration: Tsen, Inc. transferred to shareholders some of its investments (held-for-trading) in securities costing HK$1,250,000 by declaring a property dividend on December 28, 2014, to be distributed on January 30, 2015, to shareholders of record on January 15, 2015. At the date of declaration the securities have a fair value of HK$2,000,000. Tsen makes the following entries.
At date of declaration (December 28, 2014)
Equity Investments 750,000
Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss—Income 750,000
Retained Earnings 2,000,000
Property Dividends Payable 2,000,000
DIVIDEND POLICY
LO 7
15-‹#›
At date of distribution (January 30, 2015)
Property Dividends Payable 2,000,000
Equity Investments 2,000,000
DIVIDEND POLICY
Illustration: Tsen, Inc. transferred to shareholders some of its investments (held-for-trading) in securities costing HK$1,250,000 by declaring a property dividend on December 28, 2014, to be distributed on January 30, 2015, to shareholders of record on January 15, 2015. At the date of declaration the securities have a fair value of HK$2,000,000. Tsen makes the following entries.
LO 7
15-‹#›
Any dividend not based on earnings reduces amounts paid-in by shareholders.
DIVIDEND POLICY
Liquidating Dividends
LO 7
15-‹#›
Illustration: McChesney Mines Inc. issued a “dividend” to its ordinary shareholders of £1,200,000. The cash dividend announcement noted that shareholders should consider £900,000 as income and the remainder a return of capital. McChesney Mines records the dividend as follows.
Date of declaration
Retained Earnings 900,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 300,000
Dividends Payable 1,200,000
DIVIDEND POLICY
LO 7
15-‹#›
Date of payment
Dividends Payable 1,200,000
Cash 1,200,000
DIVIDEND POLICY
Illustration: McChesney Mines Inc. issued a “dividend” to its ordinary shareholders of £1,200,000. The cash dividend announcement noted that shareholders should consider £900,000 as income and the remainder a return of capital. McChesney Mines records the dividend as follows.
LO 7
15-‹#›
Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Explain the accounting for share dividends and share splits.
Indicate how to present and analyze equity.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Equity
15
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
Identify the key components of equity.
Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
Describe the accounting for treasury shares.
Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.
15-‹#›
Issuance by a corporation of its own shares to shareholders on a pro rata basis, without receiving any consideration.
Par value, not the fair value, is used to record the share dividend.
Share dividend does not affect any asset or liability.
Journal entry reflects a reclassification of equity.
Ordinary share dividend distributable reported in the equity section as an addition to share capital—ordinary.
DIVIDEND POLICY
Share Dividends
LO 8
15-‹#›
Illustration: Vine Corporation has outstanding 1,000 shares of £1 par value ordinary shares and retained earnings of £50,000. If Vine declares a 10 percent share dividend, it issues 100 additional shares to current shareholders. If the fair value of the shares at the time of the share dividend is £8 per share, the entry is:
Date of declaration
Retained Earnings 10,000
Ordinary Share Dividend Distributable 10,000
DIVIDEND POLICY
LO 8
15-‹#›
Date of distribution
Ordinary Share Dividend Distributable 10,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 10,000
DIVIDEND POLICY
LO 8
Illustration: Vine Corporation has outstanding 1,000 shares of £1 par value ordinary shares and retained earnings of £50,000. If Vine declares a 10 percent share dividend, it issues 100 additional shares to current shareholders. If the fair value of the shares at the time of the share dividend is £8 per share, the entry is:
15-‹#›
To reduce the market value of shares.
No entry recorded for a share split.
Decrease par value and increased number of shares.
Share Splits
DIVIDEND POLICY
ILLUSTRATION 15-13
Effects of a Share Split
LO 8
15-‹#›
Share Split and Share Dividend Differentiated
A share split differs from a share dividend. How?
A share split increases the number of shares outstanding and decreases the par or stated value per share.
A share dividend,
increases the number of shares outstanding.
does not decrease the par value.
increases the total par value of outstanding shares.
DIVIDEND POLICY
LO 8
15-‹#›
Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Explain the accounting for share dividends and share splits.
Indicate how to present and analyze equity.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Equity
15
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
Identify the key components of equity.
Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
Describe the accounting for treasury shares.
Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.
15-‹#›
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
Presentation of Equity
ILLUSTRATION 15-16
Comprehensive Equity
Presentation
LO 9
15-‹#›
Presentation of Statement of Changes in Equity
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
ILLUSTRATION 15-17
Statement of Changes
in Equity
LO 9
15-‹#›
Illustration: Gerber’s Inc. had net income of $360,000, declared and paid preference dividends of $54,000, and average ordinary shareholders’ equity of $2,550,000.
ILLUSTRATION 15-18
Analysis
Ratio shows how many dollars of net income the company earned for each dollar invested by the owners.
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
LO 9
15-‹#›
Illustration: Troy Co. has cash dividends of €100,000 and net income of €500,000, and no preference shares outstanding.
Illustration 15-15
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
ILLUSTRATION 15-19
LO 9
15-‹#›
Illustration: Chen Corporation’s ordinary shareholders’ equity is HK$1,000,000 and it has 100,000 ordinary shares outstanding.
ILLUSTRATION 15-20
Amount each share would receive if the company were liquidated on the basis of amounts reported on the statement of financial position.
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
LO 9
15-‹#›
EQUITY
The accounting for transactions related to equity, such as issuance of shares, purchase of treasury shares, and declaration and payment of dividends, are similar under both IFRS and U.S. GAAP. Major differences relate to terminology used and presentation of equity information.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
15-‹#›
Relevant Facts
Following are the key similarities and differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS related to equity.
Similarities
The accounting for the issuance of shares and purchase of treasury shares are similar under both U.S. GAAP and IFRS.
The accounting for declaration and payment of dividends and the accounting for share splits are similar under both U.S. GAAP and IFRS.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
15-‹#›
Relevant Facts
Differences
U.S. GAAP requires that small share dividends (referred to as stock dividends) should be recorded by transferring an amount equal to the fair value of the shares issued from retained earnings to share capital accounts. IFRS is silent on the accounting for share dividends.
Major differences relate to terminology used, introduction of concepts such as revaluation surplus, and presentation of equity information.
In the United States and the United Kingdom, many companies rely on substantial investments from private investors. Other countries have different investor groups. For example, in Germany, financial institutions such as banks are not only the major creditors but often are the largest shareholders as well.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
15-‹#›
Relevant Facts
Differences
The accounting for treasury share retirements differs between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. Under U.S. GAAP, a company has three options: (1) charge the excess of the cost of treasury shares over par value to retained earnings, (2) allocate the difference between paid-in capital and retained earnings, or (3) charge the entire amount to paid-in capital. Under IFRS, the excess may have to be charged to paid-in capital, depending on the original transaction related to the issuance of the shares.
The statement of changes in equity is usually referred to as the statement of stockholders’ equity (or shareholders’ equity) under U.S. GAAP.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
15-‹#›
Relevant Facts
Differences
Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS use the term retained earnings. However, U.S. GAAP uses the account Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). Use of this account is gaining prominence within the IFRS literature, which traditionally has relied on the term “reserve” as a dumping ground for other types of equity transactions, such as other comprehensive income items as well as various types of unusual transactions related to convertible debt and share option contracts.
The term surplus is generally not used in U.S. GAAP, as the standards do not allow revaluation accounting. Under IFRS, it is common to report “revaluation surplus” related to increases or decreases in items such as property, plant, and equipment; mineral resources; and intangible assets.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
15-‹#›
On the Horizon
As indicated in earlier discussions, the IASB and the FASB have completed some work on a project related to financial statement presentation. An important part of this study is to determine whether certain line items, subtotals, and totals should be clearly defined and required to be displayed in the financial statements. For example, it is likely that the statement of changes in equity and its presentation will be examined closely. In addition, the options of how to present other comprehensive income under U.S. GAAP will change in any converged standard.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
15-‹#›
Dividend Preferences
Illustration: In 2015, Mason Company is to distribute €50,000 as cash dividends, its outstanding ordinary shares have a par value of €400,000, and its 6 percent preference shares have a par value of €100,000.
1. If the preference shares are noncumulative and nonparticipating:
LO 10 Explain the different types of preference share dividends and their effect on book value per share.
APPENDIX 15A
DIVIDEND PREFERENCES AND BOOK VALUE PER SHARE
ILLUSTRATION 15A-1
Dividend Distribution, Non-Cumulative and Non-Participating Preference
15-‹#›
Illustration: In 2015, Mason Company is to distribute €50,000 as cash dividends, its outstanding ordinary shares have a par value of €400,000, and its 6 percent preference shares have a par value of €100,000.
If the preference shares are cumulative and non-participating, and Mason Company did not pay dividends on the preference shares in the preceding two years:
ILLUSTRATION 15A-2
DIVIDEND PREFERENCES
LO 10
15-‹#›
If the preference shares is noncumulative and is fully participating:
ILLUSTRATION 15A-3
DIVIDEND PREFERENCES
LO 10
15-‹#›
4. If the preference shares are cumulative and fully participating, and Mason Company did not pay dividends on the preference shares in the preceding two years:
ILLUSTRATION 15A-4
DIVIDEND PREFERENCES
Illustration: In 2015, Mason Company is to distribute €50,000 as cash dividends, its outstanding ordinary shares have a par value of €400,000, and its 6 percent preference shares have a par value of €100,000.
LO 10
15-‹#›
Book value per share is computed as net assets divided by outstanding shares at the end of the year. The computation becomes more complicated if a company has preference shares.
BOOK VALUE PER SHARE
ILLUSTRATION 15A-5
Computation of Book Value per Share—No Dividends in Arrears
LO 10
15-‹#›
Assume that the same facts exist except that the 5 percent preference share are cumulative, participating up to 8 percent, and that dividends for three years before the current year are in arrears.
ILLUSTRATION 15A-6
Computation of Book Value per Share—with Dividends in Arrears, Participating
LO 10
BOOK VALUE PER SHARE
15-‹#›
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COPYRIGHT
15-‹#›
NumberAmountTotalPercent
Ordinary shares300x20.00$ =6,000$ 40%
Preference shares100x90.00 9,000 60%
Fair Market Value15,000$ 100%
Allocation:OrdinaryPreference
Issue price13,500$ 13,500$
Allocation %40%60%
Total5,400$ 8,100$
Sheet1
| Number | Amount | Total | Percent | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 300 | x | $ 20.00 | = | $ 6,000 | 40% | ||
| Preference shares | 100 | x | 90.00 | 9,000 | 60% | |||
| Fair Market Value | $ 15,000 | 100% | ||||||
| Allocation: | Ordinary | Preference | ||||||
| Issue price | $ 13,500 | $ 13,500 | ||||||
| Allocation % | 40% | 60% | ||||||
| Total | $ 5,400 | $ 8,100 |
NumberAmountTotal
Ordinary shares300x20.00$ =6,000$
Preference shares100x-
Fair Market Value6,000$
Allocation:OrdinaryPreference
Issue price13,500$
Ordinary(6,000)
Total6,000$ 7,500$
Sheet1
| Number | Amount | Total | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 300 | x | $ 20.00 | = | $ 6,000 | ||
| Preference shares | 100 | x | - 0 | ||||
| Fair Market Value | $ 6,000 | ||||||
| Allocation: | Ordinary | Preference | |||||
| Issue price | $ 13,500 | ||||||
| Ordinary | (6,000) | ||||||
| Total | $ 6,000 | $ 7,500 |
