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2021QualitativeMOCKResV2-OfficialPPT.pptx

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Dissertation Topic Presentation (Qualitative Study) Proposed Dissertation Title Date of Presentation Learner’s Name

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Using this template

The goals for using this template are to:

Ensure your topic is aligned to your program of study

Defend your established need and significance for your study from the literature

Demonstrate how your study aligns with the selected theoretical foundation/conceptual framework

Defend your methodology choice within the context of your study

Align the core components of your study, such as problem statement, purpose statement, need, theoretical framework, and methodological approach

Articulate that your study is feasible and doable given your resources and expected target population

Develop a project plan to prepare for residency and beyond

For RSD-881, update slides up to 12 and complete remaining slides

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Purpose Statement

Integrate the following 5 components into a one sentence statement of your Purpose:

Purpose Statement = methodology + design + problem statement + target population + location

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This is first because if you cover this slide in your Friday presentation, you have then covered many of the sections needed for grading! It generally comes after the Methods slide.

Literature Review: Background to the Problem

This information is presented in the Background to the Problem (in the Prospectus) and in the Background to the Problem section (in the proposal).

Part 1: Identify how the research on/related to your proposed topic evolved

Part 2: Provide a set of arguments justifying the need for your proposed research

Do not cover what has been studied

Present arguments on what now needs to be further studied

Provide 1-2 sentence length citations to support each argument

Use the following items from empirical articles to define the need for the research: recommended future studies; what needs to be better understood; weaknesses of the study; limitations of the study; broad areas of research your research will contribute to; community and societal needs. Synthesize these to justify the need/gap for your study and to develop the problem statement for your study.

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The outline on this slide is used in the Prospectus to develop a 3 paragraph section on Background to the Problem. This same 3-paragraph version of the Background to the Problem is used in Chapter 1 in the Proposal. It is then expanded and used in Chapter 2 in the Proposal.

For your Prospectus/Proposal, another way to think about writing this section is to cover:

The societal or broad issue that needs to be solved is X

The research on this broad topic began in 18xx and has had three major focus areas and has evolved. Describe each one in 2 sentences and give examples of what they found out and the focus of the next major research area.

Identify 4-6 arguments for the need such as (1) how it will contribute to the societal problem being solved, (2) how it will contribute to the current focus of research on that topic (3) who had identified need to do more research in related topics to it so they can argue it leads to their topic (4) there is mixed results in the literature so there is more research needed on … (5) most studies looked at the problems and you will reframe to look at solutions, (6) extending research to a new population (7) weaknesses and limitations in prior studies and how study will address this issue (8) How prior studies looked at a, b and c and how it correlated with y—and now you will combine to get a broader perspective

Literature Review: Problem Space

Support each argument with a citation from the literature

Citations come from the literature from past three years

Provide 3-5 arguments + evidence in terms of a citation supporting the argument

Discuss how this set of arguments leads to the topic and problem statement for the dissertation

Show Parts 1 and 2 on two separate slides if needed.

You need to cover for each article: 1) Need for this study (what the authors identified) 2) Gap filled in the literature (if you can find it) 3) Method and Design (if you can find it) 4) Population (number of participants) ** Theory (if you can find it) 5) Investigate what 6) Findings and 7) Recommendations for future study.

Short way to think of credentialing the studies: Citation, “conducted a (method/design) study with (# participants) to investigate (what) and found (what). The recommendation for further research was (what?).

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Studies are to be 2019-2021

Formula Citation, “conducted a (method/design) study with (# participants) to investigate (what) and found (what). The recommendation for further research was (what?).

Examples:

Yadav & Berges (2019) conducted a quantitative study of 80 high school computer science teachers in the United States and found that teaching methodology between expert and novice teachers varied when faced with a student problem-solving scenario. Further investigation into differences between novice and expert educator responses to computer science pedagogical content knowledge would uncover aspects of computer science teaching and learning beneficial to building novice educators’ pedagogical content knowledge.

Cheon, Reeve, Lee, Ntoumanis, Gillet, Kim, & Song (2019) conducted a quantitative pre-post test autonomy-supportive classroom-based program study on 37 physical education teachers and found the autonomy-satisfaction to be significantly increased for students of teachers in the experimental group. Future research is recommended to examine a program experience unrelated to motivation style.

Miller, Poklembova, Podkowińska, Grise-Owens, Balogová and Pachner (2021), conducted a quantitative correlational study with 250 participants to investigate the personal and professional self-care practices of individuals employed as social workers in Poland and found significant differences in self-care by education level and self-reported health status respectively. The recommendation for future research was for the continuation of examination of self-care practices among a wide array of populations.

Literature Review: Theoretical Foundations

INSERT A GRAPHIC OF YOUR THOERY(S) ALONG WITH THE AUTHORS DEFINITIONS OF THE COMPONETS OR DIMENSIONS

Identify the specific 1-3 theories, models, or concepts to be used to

Describe Phenomenon and develop Research Questions for qualitative studies

Define the Variables, as well as develop Research Questions and Hypotheses for quantitative studies

Guide the data collection process (qualitative and quantitative)

Identify the developer of the models, theories, or concepts and the seminal work which discussed it

Describe the components of the theory, model or concept

These theories, models and concepts from the theoretical foundation should be the ones used to develop the research questions on the following slide

For quantitative studies the best place to find the theories/models is in articles that use the instrument(s) you selected to measure the specific variables in your study. There should be a model or theory behind each instrument.

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Three ways to find models or theories for both quantitative and qualitative research are (1) find studies related to your topic and see what theoretical foundation theory, model, or concept they used. Then research it or find a quantitative instrument that is used to collect data on it. Or (2) look for validated quantitative instruments that measure variables you are studying from either a quantitative or qualitative approach; then do a Google or Google Scholar search that combines the name of the instrument and the term “validation study” or “validity”. This document will explain the model behind the instrument, trace it back historically to the creator of the initial model or theory. For the quantitative studies, use the instrument article to provide the reliability and validity statistics for the instrument.

3) Go to Google Images and type in the name of something you want to explore with the word “theory” attached. Example: resilience theory. Then look at the graphics that depict the model/theory. Then you can follow the above steps to find the source of the theory!

For the Prospectus there should be one slide on each model or theory in outline format. Include a visual of the model or theory if it is available. Focus on describing the theory and not on discussing how it has been used in prior studies. In the Proposal this information is used to develop the research questions for chapter 1 and 3. It is expanded significantly in Chapter 2.

Literature Review: Review of Literature

List and provide one sentence description for the primary topics to be in Review of Literature (this list of topics will go into the Prospectus; this set of topics then becomes the 30+ Review of Literature section in the Proposal)

One suggested order for these topics can be:

Societal, community or other high-level needs

Population for which it is relevant

Variables for quantitative: (1) develop section on each variable covering empirical article that researched it and (2) develop section covering studies that looked at the relationship(s) between two or more of your variables

Aspects of/description of the phenomenon for qualitative

Topics relevant to your research (use related dissertations for ideas as you learned to do in the Literature Review course) (MUST ALIGN WITH THE THEORY)

Justification of the proposed methodology based on empirical articles--not methodology articles and books (required)

Justification of the proposed instruments and data sources from related and relevant studies (required)

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For the purpose of your presentation; identify the bullets you will cover as an outline in Chapter 2. The first bullet should address

In the Prospectus this slide is used to provide an outline of the topics that will be included in the Review of Literature section, which is 30+ pages in Chapter 2.

List and provide one sentence description for the primary topics to be in Review of Literature (this will go into the Prospectus)

NOTE: The Review of the Literature (in Chapter 2) is minimum of 50 empirical articles and 30 pages in length and covers information relevant to your topic.

Just put a bullet for each topic and if you have some studies that fit with the topic, include them also 

There are a variety of ways to synthesize the literature. Below is a set of steps that may be used:

• First, explore original literature on the topic. The topic should focus on an issue pertinent to the learner’s program of study to determine what has been discovered and what still needs to be understood.

• Second, while exploring the original literature identify the broad topics and problems researched. Explore the evolution of the research on the problem. How did the focus change? What findings emerged from these studies?

• Third, describe the research from the past 2 to 3 years to discover what has been discovered, what problems have been studied, and what still needs to be understood. Discuss the trends and themes that emerged. Studies that were published within the past 2-3 years will still be relevant (with the past 5 years) at the point of graduation.

• Note: problem space for the dissertation study should primarily come from the empirical research literature or studies dated within three to five years of the learner’s projected graduation date. This is a recommendation, not a rule.

• Dissertations can be used in the literature review, however, one must supplement dissertation citations with citations from other peer-reviewed research on the topic.

• Fourth, define the topic and problem statement by synthesizing the recent studies, including trends, and define what still needs to be understood.

Problem Statement

State it in one sentence

It is based on the arguments from the literature that present what needs to still be studied (discussed in the prior slide)

Begin with: It is not known…..

Note: Use this problem statement to develop a short title for your dissertation

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Research Questions and Phenomenon

Note: The research questions come from both the Theoretical Foundation and Problem Statement

First, describe the phenomenon to be studied based on the selected theories, models or concepts

Second describe the phenomenon or the concepts within the phenomenon that you will study from a qualitative perspective. Phenomena is defined as a fact, occurrence, or circumstance observed or observable. What is the “real issue”—describe that in the Phenomena. What is not being understood? What is the observable fact, behavior, social issue? If you had to draw a picture with no words that depicted the issue you were investigating and then described your picture, what would you say? Describe this using your observational skills. :)

Third, develop the Research Questions using either the constructs of the model/theory/concept or using more than one theory/model/concept(s) PLUS the problem statement

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This slide is used in outline format in the Prospectus. Then the outline is developed into a section in Chapters 1 and 3 in the Proposal.

Methodology

DEFINE ALL THREE METHODS (QUANT, QUAL, MIXED)

Provide two citations for each and use the definitions and frame the justification for using or not using from the definition.

EXAMPLE:

A qualitative research uses a variety of methods, such as intensive interviews or in-depth thematic analysis, and is concerned with a complete account of some entity (Umanailo et al., 2019, p. 2076). results of various context occur in a naturalistic setting in an attempt to respond to phenomenon (Holtrop, Rabin, & Glasgow, 2018, p. 2).

GOOD: The qualitative methodology will be utilized within this study to capture the participant’s descriptions through a variety of in-depth data collection approaches.

NOT GOOD: The four research questions ask participants how they perceive social media professional development addresses the four pillars of andragogy; these questions are best answered through the use of qualitative methodology. (uses study not definitions for justification)

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Prospectus: The approach on this slide is used to justify the methodology using methodology article and resources

Proposal: The information presented on this slide is used to develop one of the three paragraphs comprising the methodology section. In addition a second paragraph is added justifying why the opposite methodology is not as appropriate. This second paragraph uses the same argument/citation structure with the arguments and citations coming from methodology articles and books. A third paragraph is developed that uses similar and related empirical articles to justify the proposed methodology for the study

Design

Identify the specific design you selected for your research from GCU’s set of core designs

Quantitative options: experimental, quasi-experimental, pre-experimental, correlation, causal comparative, quantitative descriptive

Provide 2 peer review cited definitions for each design and then use the definition to justify why or why not using

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Prospectus: The format and approach on this slide is used to develop the one paragraph argument for the proposed design for the Prospectus

Proposal: When doing the proposal the approach shown on this slide is used to develop the first paragraph/section. Then there are a series of short paragraphs (3-4 sentences) that argue as to why the alternative designs are not as appropriate for the study

Population, Target Population, and Sample

Define each of these and provide an estimate of their size

Provide a cited definition for EACH term

Population (the group you want to generalize this study to or will be discussing based on the research finding)

Target Population (the group you will approach to collect the data). State how many (approximately) are in this group

Sample (the final number of completed and usable responses you need to get for each instrument to meet requirements from dissertation template)

Note: For qualitative studies show the minimum sample size for each data collection source (e.g., interview 15-20; questionnaire 40+; focus groups 4-5 in each of 2-3 focus groups; 10-25 artifacts; 10-25 photographs, etc.)

You will need to consider "A questionnaire will be sent to XX (your TP) in order to meet the 40+ requirement for returns and will include 20 individual interviews".

Note: visual data such as photographs, videos from YouTube, advertisements, participant drawings, social media data, and observed or recorded behaviors can be analyzed using thematic analysis or other forms of qualitative data analysis. Any source of data must address the research questions though.

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Please discuss the target population from which you will collect your data in detail and include at least two options. For the target population identify the specific way to access the target population which might include: using your organization; asking an association to support/communicate the study; using a social group such as a church to support/communicate your research; use social media to find the sample; use archival data from an organization or association; use publicly available archival data; use photographs of the phenomena being studied. In addition to discussing the specific sample source also estimate the size of the target population and assume 5-20 percent of this group would participate.

In the Prospectus this outline is used to ensure there is an appropriate and reachable target population. In the Proposal this outline becomes a section in Chapter 1.

Instruments and/or Data Sources

Identify the specific instruments and data sources you will use to collect the data

Typical instruments include interviews, questionnaires, observation forms, archival data sources, documents, artifacts, photographs, videos, participant-authored journal, etc. -- which should be specific to your selected design, research questions, and theoretical foundation

Most instruments for a qualitative study will be developed by the researcher since they come out of research questions and supporting theories/models/concepts specific to the study

Qualitative studies such as case studies and grounded theory may include validated surveys typically used for quantitative studies; typically (though not always) the data analysis for these will be charts and graphs rather than inferential statistics

Identify how you will collect demographics which you may be using to (1) select individual to participate in the study based on specific demographic criteria, and/or (2) to develop a profile of your sample; analysis for this information would involve descriptive statistics

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Prospectus: This outline is used in the Prospectus. This outline is then used to develop the section on Sources of Data in Chapter 3 in the Proposal.

For example

Questionnaire Structure:

Include: 1) informed consent, 2) demographic questions (what type), 3) Content questions (what type —Likert, open ended, multiple choice, etc), 4) Invitation to participate in the next level of data collection.

Interview Structure:

The semi-structured interviews contain open-ended questions related to the research questions with opportunities to ask follow-up questions allowing the participants to provide additional information.

Data Collection Steps: 1.Obtain various required permissions

Note: List the specific ordered steps so someone could replicate your study

Site approval (organization, association, or data base owner)

Permission from researcher if replicating their study

Permission to use each instrument or data source

Obtaining administrative guide and validation information on each data sources from owner/literature

GCU Chair and Committee Approvals

AQR Approval

IRB Approval

Permission to use figures or tables from authors/document owner and how to cite it

Consent form from individual participants or parents or guardians (see informed consent templates on the DC Network)

Results of the field tests for qualitative studies

Results of the expert panel review for qualitative instruments such as interviews or observations

Other?

Required permissions/approvals (prior to data collection)

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There are four separate slides that will comprise the data collection section in the Prospectus and the proposal. Please do not alter the names on the slides. Modify each bullet point to be specific to your study and if you do not believe the bullet is relevant for your study put in a statement justifying this. Also please do not change the order of the fours data collection slides or the bullets within them. It is important to show the bullets in the order in which they would occur. This first slide only discusses all of the permissions required. When moving these slides into your documents keep the title shown right above the bullets which is “Required permissions/approvals”

NOTE: These set of four slides are used in outline format in the Prospectus. They then provide the outline for the Data Collection section in Chapter 3 in the Proposal.

Data Collection Steps: 2. Sampling Approach and Sample Selection

Sampling Approach and Sample Selection

Sampling Approach

Describe the specific type of sampling (e.g., random, purposive or snowballing) to be used and provide a citation defining it

Justify why that sampling approach is appropriate for your study

Describe the sampling criteria to select and to exclude the participants

Sample Selection

Describe the target population that will be approached to obtain the sample

Identify how the target population will be approached (email, phone call, invitation to participate from an organization’s website, etc.)

Describe the specific steps to invite/solicit the sample from the target population

Describe process to get additional participants if first round does not get needed sample size or volume of data needed for analysis

Note: List the specific ordered steps so someone could replicate your study

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There are four separate slides that will comprise the data collection section in the Prospectus and the proposal. Please do not alter the names on the slides. Modify each bullet point to be specific to your study and if you do not believe the bullet is relevant for your study put in a statement justifying this. Also please do not change the order of the four data collection slides or the bullets within them. It is important to show the bullets in the order in which they would occur. This second slide only discusses the sampling approach and then the steps for the sampling process. When moving these slides into your documents keep the title shown right above the bullets which is “Sample Approach and Sample Selection”

Data Collection Steps: 3. Collecting the Data

Actual process(es) for collecting the data which may include:

Identify who will provide the list of names and who sends out the invitation

Describe the step by step process for collecting the data from the target population for each Instrument/Data Source

Show actual step by step process for collecting the data IN THE ORDER COLLECTED:

QUESTIONNAIRE

INTERVIEW

FOCUS GROUP

OTHER SOURCE

Note: List the specific ordered steps so someone could replicate your study

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You can add as many slides for this step as are needed. Use one slide for each source of data.

Data Collection Steps: 4. Data Management and Storage

Data Management and Storage

Identify how the data (paper and/or electronic) will be held and where (database, computer, thumb drive, safe, etc.)

Identify how long it will be stored

Identify if, when, and how it will be destroyed or stored long term

Identify back-up copies and process to prevent data loss

Identify how it will be safeguarded

Identify how long-term confidentiality and/or anonymity will be maintained

Also identify that a “de-identified” copy of all of the data and the data analysis will be stored in the LDP in the folder that will be placed there for this data so that the AQR reviewers can review the data and data analysis.

Note: List the specific ordered steps within each of these 4 areas so someone could replicate your study

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Refer to your CITI training for how long the data must be stored. It cannot be stored in the cloud!

Data Analysis Steps

These two slides set the context for the following two slides.

Note: List the various steps within these 4 primary areas of data collection

Compile and clean data, member checking

Descriptive Statistics areas (eg., for demographics, to summarize observation data, summarize volume and type of data in a qualitative study)

Step by step data analysis approach for your specific data analysis (e.g., thematic analysis steps for qualitative or multiple regression analysis steps for quantitative)

Demographic information

Codes

Themes

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This set of step may require more than one slide. Note: For the thematic analysis or similar forms of analysis describe the specific step from one expert who is noted for that analysis. For example Braun and Clarke are world-recognized experts on thematic analysis. They have numerous articles and they have a web-site with many different resources at the University of Auckland. The following link provides a chapter that explains the process and provides and example: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269930410_Thematic_analysis The following is a published 2006 article from a Qualitative Research journal: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/1347976.pdf

The information from this slide is used in outline format for the Prospectus. This information then becomes the outline for Data Analysis section in chapter 3 of the Proposal and is used to write this section..

Data Analysis Steps

This slide and the previous set the context for the next two slides.

Resources to identify the steps

Find articles and books on your specific design as well as how to do specific qualitative analysis such as thematic analysis or network analysis

Use the steps from chapter 4 in sample dissertations similar to your own. Chapter 4 has more details than chapter 3. Use GCU dissertations from the past year or two.

SAGE Resources in GCU Library

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This set of step may require more than one slide. The following slides show the approach to cover for qualitative versus quantitative.

Data Analysis Steps

Cleaning and compiling the data (transcribing the data; member checking, etc.)

Descriptive statistics

Demographic information

Codes

Themes

Volume of data collected

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Note: For the thematic analysis or similar forms of analysis describe the specific step from one expert who is noted for that analysis. For example Braun and Clarke are world-recognized experts on thematic analysis. They have numerous articles and they have a web-site with many different resources at the University of Auckland. The following link provides a chapter that explains the process and provides and example: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269930410_Thematic_analysis The following is a published 2006 article from a Qualitative Research journal: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/1347976.pdf

Data Analysis Steps

Qualitative data analysis approaches: Identify specific approach for each data source and across data sources. These approaches can include:

Cleaning the transcripts; member checking

Analyzing the data (thematic analysis, or other forms of analysis such as discourse analysis, semantic network analysis, content analysis, grounded theory analysis, or phenomenological data analysis)

Interpreting the data (models, causal networks, identification of variables and their relationships, etc.)

Triangulation of data for case studies

Answering the Research Questions

Summarizing the data (narrative description of the phenomenon; case study summary; narrative integrated story; model; theory, etc.)

Describing/displaying the data (tabular, matrix, diagrams, etc.)

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Feasibility

Provide an overview of your:

Outline of resources needed to conduct the study

Accessibility to the resources stated above and any professional training or licensure you have as relevant to conducting the study

Data collection process

Accessibility to participants and/or data

Ethical concerns related to the target population

How your study aligns with your degree program

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Defend

Defend how your theoretical foundation supports your research questions

Defend your design choice

Defend your data analysis strategy

Defend that this study is feasible given your data collection plan and sample

NOTE: If you cannot defend the need for your study or other relevant points, you will likely be asked to change it or may even be asked to start over

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Next steps

Discuss the next steps you will take between now and the next residency.

Provide your project plan (developed further as we know more)

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List of References (Used in your version of this presentation)

Provide these in APA format

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Potential Qualitative Resources

Qualitative: Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2). pp. 77-101. ISSN

Qualitative: Yin, Robert (2015), Qualitative analysis: From start to finish, 2nd 2dition, New York: Guilford Press

Qualitative: Bernard, H. R., Wutich, A., Ryan, G. W. (2017), Analyzing qualitative data: Systematic approaches, 2nd edition, Los Angeles: SAGE

Qualitative: Lyons, A., and Coyle, A., (2016), Analyzing qualitative date in psychology, 2nd edition, Los Angeles: SAGE

Qualitative: Miles, M. B., Huberman, M. A., Saldana, J. (2014), Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook, 3rd edition, Los Angeles: SAGE

Case study: Yin, Robert K. (2017), Case study research and applications: Designs and methods, Los Angeles: SAGE

Narrative Inquiry: Daiute, Colette (2014), Narrative inquiry: A dynamic approach, Los Angeles: SAGE

Grounded Theory: Charmez, Kathy (2014), Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis (Introducing Qualitative Methods Series), Los Angeles: SAGE

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