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CYBER SECURITY CAREER GUIDE Start your career | Develop new skills

IN THIS GUIDE

} WHAT IS CYBER SECURITY? Learn how cyber security affects your everyday life and why more professionals are needed.

} TYPES OF CAREERS Learn about the different roles you can play.

} WHO IS HIRING? Find out where your career can take you.

} CAREER PATHWAYS See how the path you choose leads to different career options.

} WHERE TO GO TO SCHOOL Find out where you can get the education you need to start your career or develop new skills.

} WORKING AT CANADA’S NATIONAL CRYPTOLOGIC AGENCY Find out why a career at the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) may be right for you.

UNCLASSIFIED

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Hi, my name is Christine Beauchamp, and I am the Director of Client Engagement and Incident Detection at the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (within CSE).

When I graduated from the University of Ottawa with a degree in Sociology to combine with my degree in Russian translation, I did not see myself working in cyber security. But, just as quickly as technology advances, career options and educational pathways grow.

In the following pages, you will find information on the cyber security field and the many educational paths that can lead you to your dream job. I hope this guide helps you find the path that best suits your interests—one that makes you want to get out of bed in the morning.

Whichever stream you choose, you will be making a difference by helping strengthen Canada’s digital safety and security. Whether you write code, set up equipment, design infrastructures, or train the next generation, you are helping to secure our future.

Good luck! I can’t wait to see where your path takes you.

WHAT IS CYBER SECURITY?

Many teams worked together to create this guide from the comfort of their homes. Amid a worldwide pandemic, we managed to keep working. To create. To move forward. To communicate.

But the COVID-19 pandemic did not bring out the best in everyone. There were unscrupulous people trying to take advantage of Canadian citizens. Our healthcare systems were targeted. Criminals were looking for Canadians’ names, SINs, addresses, birth dates, and banking and credit card information.

Criminals tried to trick Canadians into clicking on links that would take them to malicious websites. The links were sent via text messages, emails, and social media apps. Once on the website, malicious code would start downloading onto devices to steal personal information.

Stop for a minute to think about all the things you do on your phone, tablet, or laptop. Do you do your banking online? Do you have a mobile wallet? Do you chat on social media or send pictures to friends? Do you have your assignments stored there?

Wouldn’t it be nice if you could go online and not worry about criminals trying to steal your money or identity?

That is what cyber security is. It is the constant pursuit to secure our information systems, the data on them, and the services they provide. It is about protecting the systems that all Canadians rely on like healthcare, banking, telecommunications, energy, and transportation. It is about protecting businesses big or small.

Cyber security is about securing our future.

CYBER SECURITY PROFESSIONALS ARE…

IN DEMAND The number of jobs for cyber security professionals in Canada is growing by 7% every year!1

3.5 Million: the number of vacant positions worldwide by 2021.2

WELL PAID The annual average salary of a cyber security professional in 2020 is $97,000.3

DIVERSITY REQUIRED

Today’s cyber security professionals know that the best solutions come from diverse teams. Having people of different backgrounds and experiences working together on a problem creates the best, most effective solutions.

Diversity provides access to a greater range of talent. It provides greater insight into clients’ needs. It helps open doors to new markets and helps make a company more profitable and resilient.

Cyber security is for everyone!

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“When you work at CSE, every day is an opportunity to make a difference in the world of cyber security.”

MARK WOOFF

“At CSE, you will find yourself surrounded by a group of brilliant, dedicated, and considerate experts who work towards a common goal. Explore the phenomenal opportunities and build a career you’ll be proud to call yours!”

AYESHA SIDDIQUI

“My work is meaningful and helps protect Canada. I love knowing that I’m making a positive contribution to Canada’s future.”

ANGELA MCALLISTER

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CYBER SECURITY PROFESSIONALS PROTECT THE SYSTEMS WE RELY ON

In the last 20 years, advancements in technology have changed the way people communicate, bank, shop, and pass the time. And, despite its small market size, Canada was the third most targeted country to possible cyber attacks in 2018. The growing threat of cyber attacks has made governments and industries more aware of the need to protect and defend the information and systems Canadians rely on. As a result, cyber security is growing as a recognizable discipline that encompasses multiple specialities in science, mathematics, business, social sciences, and computing and engineering faculties.

Although only a subset of businesses participates directly by producing or selling cyber security solutions or by building or operating networks, every business uses technology to deliver its products and/or services securely and efficiently to consumers. Cyber security, as a result, has become more important to protect the computer systems of all businesses in all industries.

FINANCE AND BANKING The industry maintains valuable information such as client identities, bank account information, financial assets, and intellectual property.

HEALTH Systems hold sensitive patient information and encompass medical implant devices such as pacemakers that may be exploitable.

TRANSPORTATION An industry vulnerable to cyber attacks to air and ground transportation systems. As well, the industry holds sensitive and valuable information such as birth dates, and passport numbers.

SAFETY Emergency response teams, law enforcement, call-center communications-management software, CCTV systems, interactive voice response systems, and emergency alert systems are all vulnerable to attack.

GOVERNMENT Cyber attacks on governments are increasing daily because a successful attack provides access to large amounts of private and sensitive information.

COMMUNICATIONS The industry transmits a large amount of sensitive information such as online retail transactions, email messages, web-browsing activity, social media platforms, and user’s private information.

ENERGY AND UTILITIES An ideal target for cyber attacks on industrial control systems to access data or to cause physical damage to infrastructures.

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WHO IS HIRING?

Everyone!

That may be an exaggeration, but it is not far from the truth. Businesses of all kinds have proprietary information they need to protect. They also have the personal information of their employees, clients, suppliers, and business partners to protect.

Every online retailer, bank, school, law firm, medical facility, utility, government has information and systems that need protection. Companies that engineer systems or new technologies, or companies that perform design work have intellectual property that needs to be protected.

Basically, if a business uses the internet or a network to perform its tasks, it needs cyber security professionals! Cyber security is fundamental to good business.

Private sector companies and government agencies both offer exciting career opportunities. Plus, the skills and experience acquired in either sector are attractive to both types of employers. So, mobility from one to another is always an option. The facts below highlight why cyber security professionals are in high demand.

Any device that is connected to the internet is vulnerable to cyber attacks.

Worldwide, there will be ~38.6 billion devices internet-connected devices by 2025.4

Cyber attacks happen every 39 seconds.5

WHAT DO CYBER SECURITY PROFESSIONALS DO?

The great part about cyber security is that it encompasses many different fields. Yes, there are the extremely technical roles. But there are also many different fields that contribute to a business’s security posture (how good their cyber defences are).

As today’s companies do more of their business online, the need for cyber security professionals continues to grow.

Job roles can be separated into four basic categories. Let your interests guide you when choosing a career path.

Cyber security professionals work in diverse fields and perform important roles, such as:

} Defending our nation } Securing our telecommunications infrastructure } Safeguarding our money } Protecting our electrical distribution systems } Protecting our identities } Ensuring our medical information remains private } Stopping ransomware attacks } And many more

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1. GOVERN AND SUPPORT Manage and provide direction and support to ensure an organization conducts effective cyber security work. Roles include cyber legal advisor, policy analyst, privacy officer, and risk analyst.

2. PROTECT AND DEFEND Detect, prevent, respond to, and recover from cyber incidents and threats. Roles include cyber threat assessor, data scientist/modeler, big data analyst, cyber security analyst, information security analyst, vulnerability assessment analyst, and penetration tester.

3. DESIGN AND DEVELOP Develop, secure, test, and integrate hardware, software, and systems throughout a product’s life cycle. Roles include security architect, security engineer, application developer, and secure software developer.

4. OPERATE AND MAINTAIN Administer, maintain, and support to ensure effective and efficient performance and cyber security. Roles include network security operator, cryptanalyst, and technical support specialist.

NO EXPERIENCE? NO PROBLEM.

So, you’ve decided to make the jump and enroll in a cyber security program. Now what, you ask? “Will I be able to find a job in the field after school if I have no work experience in cyber security?”

The odds are in your favour. Consider this: graduates of cyber security programs tend to be quickly recruited by public and private sector organizations. In fact, the shortage of cyber security professionals is so pronounced that organizations are retraining employees in basic cyber security skills on the job! As a skilled graduate of a cyber security program, you are sure to be an attractive candidate for many employers.

To increase your odds, do the following:

NETWORK Get a LinkedIn account and start connecting with people in the industry. Businesses post jobs there and recruiters use it as a tool to find candidates.

UNDERSTAND THE BASICS OF IT Understanding the fundamentals of IT, such as administering & configuring systems, networks, database management and coding will go a long way towards getting your first job.

FOCUS YOUR INTERESTS It is impossible to be an expert in all categories. Focus on an area (e.g. networking security) and understand it well. Think ahead 5-10 years to your dream job, then look for an entry-level position that will give you the right skills.

GAIN PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE Gain as much hands-on experience as possible. A co- op position or internship will help you get a sense of IT procedures and real-world business operations. Even if you’re not in a program that offers these types of positions, you can accomplish a lot with self-directed learning. Many universities or certification authorities offer free online resources.

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CYBER SECURITY PROFESSIONALS COME FROM ALL PROGRAMS

Organizations of all kinds face a formidable task when it comes to protecting their networks and the important information those networks store, process, or transmit. Surprisingly, the responsibility of protecting those networks does not rest solely on the shoulders of the highly technical staff who design, operate, and maintain the networks.

EVERY EMPLOYEE HAS A ROLE TO PLAY! Employees need to behave in a safe and cyber-secure manner. To do so, they must be trained. Therefore, learning and teaching professionals are required to develop and deliver courses. But, what does “safe and secure manner” really mean? Perhaps a policy analyst or a communication expert can help define the needs of the organization.

Organizations must also ensure they are compliant with the growing list of laws and standards. This points to a need for lawyers and policy makers who understand the implications of cyber security on day-to-day operations. To hire the people with the appropriate skills, human resources professionals must know what certifications and experience to look for.

Similarly, effectively enforcing cyber security policies requires coordination between groups within an organization. This requires the ability to work with diverse groups to define technical measures that have the right balance between security and usability.

To remain cyber secure, businesses need staff that have knowledge beyond that of just computers. There is a need for cyber security professionals who specialize in business, law, criminal justice, risk management, statistics, human resources, social and political science, and many other disciplines. Even knowing a foreign language can help get a job in cyber intelligence.

BOTTOM LINE You don’t need to be highly technical or understand the inner workings of a computer to work in cyber security. However, you do need to understand the basics of the cyber security eco-system. Many universities and colleges offer introductory cyber security courses; take one as an elective to see if working in this field interests you. If so, try taking more advanced courses or getting an entry-level security certification. Your institute may even offer courses to prepare you for certification exams.

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GET A CERTIFICATION

Entry-Level Positions } IT Support Specialist } Computer Network Support

Specialist } Junior Cyber Security Analyst

GET A COLLEGE DIPLOMA OR GRADUATE CERTIFICATE

Entry-Level Positions

} Network Support Specialist } Network Security Operator } System Administrator } Security Administrator } Cyber Security Operations

Analyst

With Work Experience } Penetration Tester } Vulnerability Analyst } Cyber Security Specialist } IT Support Specialist } Technical Support Specialist } Cyber Security Supervisor

GET A BACHELOR’S OR GRADUATE DEGREE

Entry-Level Positions

} IT Security Specialist } Security Tester } Incident Responder } Cyber Security Operations

Analyst

} Vulnerability Analyst

With Work Experience } Cyber Security Researcher } Cyber Security Engineer } Cyber Security Architect } Digital Forensic Analyst } Information Systems

Security Manager } Cyber Security Manager

PATHWAYS TO SUCCESS

A certification is a good way to kick start your career.

To advance into more senior positions, most employers require a bachelor’s degree or extensive experience.

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CERTIFICATIONS EMPLOYERS VALUE

Certifications are a great way to kick start your career as they are focused on ensuring you have the skills required to do the job. Make sure to figure out which one will be best for your chosen career path. Below is a list of the certifications valued by Canadian employers. Certifications can be earned through self-study or in class. Some certification classes and exams are offered through multiple vendors and some college programs will prepare you to write a certification exam.*

Cyber Security Fundamentals

GIAC Security Essentials

CompTIA Security+

CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner

Certified Information Systems Security Professional

Certified Information Security Manager

Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control

Systems Security Certified Practitioner

Certified Chief Information Security Officer

CyberSec First Responder

Certified Secure Computer User

Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional

Certified Wireless Security Professional

CertNexus CyberSAFE®

Certified Ethical Hacker

Certified Information Systems Auditor

Certified Cloud Security Professional

Cyber Security Nexus Practitioner

Offensive Security Certified Professional

GIAC Information Security Professional

GIAC Security Leadership Certification

GIAC Information Security Fundamentals

GIAC Certified Perimeter Protection Analyst

GIAC Certified Intrusion Analyst

GIAC Certified Incident Handler

GIAC Certified UNIX Security Administrator

GIAC Certified Windows Security Administrator

GIAC Certified Enterprise Defender

GIAC Certified Web Application Penetration Tester

GIAC Assessing Wireless Networks

Global Industrial Cybersecurity Professional

GIAC Critical Controls Certification

GIAC Penetration Tester

GIAC Security Expert

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UNIVERSITIES WITH CYBER SECURITY PROGRAMS

Just as quickly as technology advances, career options and educational disciplines grow. Every year new programs are created. If you don’t see your preferred institution on this list, be sure to check its website for new programs.*

ALBERTA

Athabasca University Graduate Certificate in Information Security (PBC-IS)

Concordia University of Edmonton Graduate Diploma in Information Assurance

Graduate Diploma in Information Security

Master of Information Systems Assurance Management

Master of Information Systems Security Management

Mount Royal University Certificate in Cyber Security Fundamentals

Advanced Cyber Security

The King’s University Computer Science – Cyber Security Stream

University of Alberta Certificate in Information Access and Protection of Privacy

University of Calgary Bachelor of Computer Science (Security Concentration Option)

Graduate Certificate in Network Security

Graduate Certificate in Software Security

BRITISH COLUMBIA

University of Victoria Master of Engineering in Telecommunications and Information Security (MTIS)

MANITOBA

University of Winnipeg Certificate in Information Assurance and Security Certificate

Diploma in Network Security Diploma

NEW BRUNSWICK

Eastern College Diploma in Advanced Systems Management and Cyber Security

Oulton College Diploma in System Management and Cyber Security

University of New Brunswick Bachelor of Computer Science (Cybersecurity specialization)

Master of Cyber Security

Université de Moncton Certificat en gestion de la sécurité de l'information des entreprises

NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR

College of the North Atlantic Advanced Diploma in Cyber Security - Infrastructure

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ONTARIO

Carleton University Graduate Diploma in Infrastructure Protection and International Security

Master of Infrastructure Protection and International Security

Bachelor of Computer and Internet Security

Northeastern University Master of Science in Cybersecurity

Queen’s University NSERC CREATE Cyber Security

Ryerson University Certificate in Computer Security and Digital Forensics

MBA in Management of Technology and Innovation, Data Security and Privacy Specialization

University of Guelph Certificate in Information Management, Privacy, and Access

Master of Cybersecurity Threat Intelligence

University of Ontario Institute of Technology

Bachelor of Information Technology Bridge

Bachelor of Information Technology Networking and Information Technology Security

Master of Information Technology Security

University of Waterloo Graduate Diploma in Computer Networking and Security

University of Toronto Bachelor of Computer Science Specialist Program in Information Security

Certificate in Cyber Security Management

Master of Engineering in Communications with focus on Identity, Privacy and Security

Master of Information, with a Specialization in Identity, Privacy and Security

York University Certificate in Advanced Cyber Security

Certificate in Cyber Security

Certificate in Cyber Security Fundamentals

Bachelor of Computer Security

LLM in Privacy and Cybersecurity Law

QUÉBEC

Concordia University Master of Applied Science (MASc) in Information Systems Security

Master of Engineering (MEng) in Information Systems Security

Université de Sherbrooke Diplôme d’études supérieures spécialisées de 2e cycle en gouvernance, audit et sécurité des technologies de l’information

Microprogramme de 2e cycle en gouvernance, audit et sécurité des technologies de l’information

Maîtrise en administration, concentration gouvernance, audit et sécurité des technologies

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COLLEGES WITH CYBER SECURITY PROGRAMS

Just as quickly as technology advances, career options and educational disciplines grow. Every year new programs are created. If you don’t see your preferred institution on this list, be sure to check its website for new programs.*

ALBERTA

Allison College Diploma in Information Technology and Cyber Security

Bow Valley College Certificate in Cybersecurity

CDI College Certificate in Cyber Security Specialist

Northern Alberta Institute of Technology

Certificate in Core Security+

Certificate in Enterprise Security

Certificate in System Security

Robertson College Diploma in Network Security Technician

Southern Alberta Institute of Technology

Certificate in Cyber Security for Control Systems

Certificate in Information Security Analyst

Certificate in Information Systems Security

Certificate in IT Security Certificate of Achievement

QCT College Diploma in Cyber Security Specialist

BRITISH COLUMBIA

British Columbia Institute of Technology

Certificate in Forensic Investigation - Digital Forensics and Cybersecurity Option

Certificate in Network Administration and Security Professional (NASP)

Diploma in Industrial Network Cybersecurity

Bachelor of Computer Systems - Network Security Administration

Bachelor of Computer Systems - Network Security Applications Development

Bachelor of Forensic Investigation - Digital Forensics and Cybersecurity

Bachelor of Computer Systems, Network Security Applications Development

Okanagan College Certificate in Blockchain

MANITOBA

Manitoba Institute of Trades and Technology

Diploma in Network Security

Diploma in Cyber Defence and Cloud Administration

Red River College Diploma in Post-graduate diploma in Information Security

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NEW BRUNSWICK

New Brunswick Community College Post-graduate Diploma in Information Technology: Cybersecurity

Diplôme en Réseautique et sécurité Informatique

Diplôme en Cybersécurité

Master of Cyber Security

NOVA SCOTIA

Nova Scotia Community College Diploma in Cyber Security

Diploma in IT Systems Management and Security

ONTARIO

Algonquin College Diploma in Computer Systems Technology - Security

Centennial College Certificate in Cybersecurity

Collège La Cité Diplôme en Technologie de l'information - Sécurité informatique

Conestoga College Certificate in Network Security Investigations

Certificate in Cyber Security

Certificate in Computer Application Security

Certificate in Information Technology Network Security

Durham College Certificate in Information Systems Security – Computers and Networking

Fanshawe College Diploma in Cyber Security

Certificate in Information Security Management

Certificate in Network and Security Architecture

Fleming College Diploma in Computer Security and Investigations

George Brown College Certificate in Network Security Fundamentals Certificate

Certificate in Information Security Management Certificate

Certificate in Network and System Security Analysis

Georgian College Certificate in Information Systems Security

Humber College Certificate in Cyber Crime Specialist

Lambton College Certificate in Cyber Security and Computer Forensics

Certificate in Cyber Security

Certificate in Cyber Infrastructure Specialist

Loyalist College Certificate in Cyber Security

Mohawk College Diploma in Computer Systems Technology - Network Engineering and Security Analyst

Certificate in Cyber Security Analytics

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Sault College Certificate in Network Architecture and Security Analytics

Certificate in Cyber Security – Canadian Context

Seneca College Bachelor of Informatics and Security

Certificate in Cyber Security

Certificate in Cyber Security and Threat Management

Sheridan College Bachelor of Applied Information Sciences (Information Systems Security)

Certificate in Cybersecurity - Legal and Ethical Policies and Procedures

Certificate in Cybersecurity Foundations

Willis College Diploma in Cyber Security Analyst

QUEBEC

Collège Ahuntsic Attestation d’études collégiales (AEC) - Réseautique et sécurité informatique

Diplôme d’études collégiales (DEC) - Techniques de l’informatique - Profil réseaux et sécurité

Cégep de l'Outaouais DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Programmation et sécurité

DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Réseaux et cybersécurité

Cégep de Saint-Hyacinthe DEC en Techniques de l’informatique - Réseaux et cybersécurité

Cégep de Sherbrooke AEC en Cybersécurité et sécurité intégrée

Cégep Garneau AEC en Cyberenquête

Cégep Limoilou DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Gestion des réseaux

Cégep Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu AEC d’Administration des réseaux et sécurité informatique

Collège de Bois-de-Boulogne AEC en Sécurité informatique et réseautique

DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Profil infrastructures et sécurité

Collège de Maisonneuve AEC en Gestion de réseaux et sécurité des systèmes

DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Infrastructure et sécurité des réseaux

Collège LaSalle DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Gestion de réseaux et sécurité

Collège Lionel-Groulx AEC en Administration des réseaux et sécurité informatique

Collège Montmorency Techniques de l’informatique - Spécialisation: Réseaux et sécurité informatiques

Collège Rosemont AEC en Microprogramme de perfectionnement en sécurité des réseaux

DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Profil réseautique: sécurité et virtualisation

HEC Montréal Certificat en analyse de la sécurité de l'information et des systèmes

Heritage College AEC in Microsoft Network and Security Administrator

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Institut supérieur d'informatique AEC in Computer Networks and Security

AEC en réseaux informatiques et sécurité

Polytechnique Montréal Certificat en Cyberenquête

Certificat en Cyberfraude

Certificat en Cybersécurité des réseaux informatiques

Undergraduate microprogram in Networking and Security

Microprogramme de 1er cycle en Cyberinvestigation

Microprogramme de 1er cycle en Réseautique et sécurité

SASKATCHEWAN

Saskatchewan Polytechnic Post-graduate Certificate in Cyber Security

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WORK AT CANADA’S NATIONAL CYBER CENTRE

The Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre) is Canada’s authority on cyber security. As part of the Communications Security Establishment (CSE), we have been at the cyber security game for over 70 years. We are trusted experts in cyber security with a clear and focused mandate to collaborate with government, the private sector and academia. We are hackers, builders, creators, developers, researchers, and scientists. We live cyber security every day. We offer a perspective and insight that isn’t available to the same degree anywhere else in Canada. We make Canada a safer place to be online.

A CAREER THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE Canadian networks and systems face cyber threats every day, and with the help of our very skilled and talented employees (like you), CSE works to prevent and eliminate

} Cyber Criminal Activities, Identity theft, Extortion, Blackmail, Theft

} Terrorists Activities, Radicalization, Recruitment, Fund Raising, Destruction

} Insider Threat (Employees), Disgruntlement, Financial Gain, Espionage

WHY WORK AT CSE? CSE has been named one of Canada’s Top Employers for Young People in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 and was also selected as a Top Employer in the National Capital Region in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2020. Besides offering meaningful work that protects Canada and Canadians, and the chance to work with some of the most advanced technologies in the world, we offer

} Competitive wages and benefits, including a defined benefit pension plan

} Education programs to help employees complete a degree or professional accreditation

} Specialized in-house training programs } Telework options, which enable you to work from

anywhere in Canada } Work-life balance with flexible hours and paid

vacation starting at 15 working days annually, as well as additional personal paid days-off

CANADA-WIDE STUDENT PROGRAM At CSE we hire students from all over Canada: last summer we had 209 students.

To apply for a student work term, you do not need to be in a formalized co-op program. You must be a full-time student who is either registered as a student during the work term or returning to school immediately following the work term.

HOW CAN I APPLY? To become part of our team, apply online at www.cse-cst.gc.ca/en/careers-carrieres

CAN YOU CRACK THE CODE? Try our puzzle challenges at www.cse-cst.gc.ca/en/ puzzles-enigmes or check out our Twitter account (@CSE_CST) for new puzzles.

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NOTES

* If an institution or organization believes it has a program or certification that should be added to any the lists in this guide, please email [email protected]

REFERENCES

1 https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ca/Documents/risk/ca-cyber-talent-campaign-report-pov- aoda-en.PDF

2 https://www.herjavecgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/HG-and-CV-The-Cybersecurity-Jobs- Report-2017.pdf

3 https://neuvoo.ca/salary/?job=Cyber%20Security

4 https://www.strategyanalytics.com/access-services/devices/connected-home/consumer-electronics/reports/ report-detail/global-connected-and-iot-device-forecast-update

5 https://www.securitymagazine.com/articles/87787-hackers-attack-every-39-seconds