Emergency Management

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TIMELINE OF PUBLIC SAFETY

1736 The first Fire Department was started in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin.

1775 The United States Army, United States Navy, and United States Marine Corps are established.

1829 The London Metropolitan Police Force is established in London, England by Sir Robert Peel.

1831-1853 Several cities form their first police departments: the Town of Chicago Police, the Boston Police Department (based on the London Metropolitan Police Force); New York Police Department, and the Los Angeles City Guards (that would become the Los Angeles Police Department).

Political Era During the mid-1850's-1900, policing was local, informal, and controlled by local political parties. It emphasized controlling social disorder.

Professional/Reform Era During 1900-1960's, policing became professionalized and technology (telephone and automobile) enhanced operations. Policing became law enforcement-oriented during this era.

Key Events 1940-1960 In 1941, Pearl Harbor in Hawaii was attacked, and the United States entered World War II. In 1947, the Department of the Air Force established. The U.S. then enters a prolonged Cold War with the Soviet Union that will last from 1946-1990.

Key Events, 1960's The social disorder of the 1960's compelled policing to change toward a community-service/problem oriented model that emerged in the 1970's. This time period also saw a significant growth in Hospital Emergency Departments. In 1967, the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was developed, and standards were created.

Community/Problem-Solving Era In the thirty-year period of 1970-2001, policing shifted to provide greater interaction with the communities in which they operate. Policing organizations begin to decentralize to meet the increased demands of their communities.

Key Events 1970-1990 In 1977, the first Hazardous Materials Response Team was established in Jacksonville, Florida. The 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall in Germany marked the end of the Cold War with the Soviet union, and the end of a global stabilizing force.

Terrorism in U.S. February, 1993 – 1st Attack on World Trade Center in New York City.

April, 1995 - Attack on the Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

January, 2000 - Millennium Terror Attack Foiled.

September, 2001 - 2nd Attack on World Trade Center in New York City and attack on Pentagon in Washington, DC.

Economical Era From 2001 to the present, policing has had to account for an increase in responsibilities regarding homeland security and counter terrorism initiatives. The police organization today must continue crime and fear reduction strategies by efficiently developing and disseminating information and intelligence and actively involving the community in the police mission. This era is categorized by information technology

Citation Credits

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applications, management accountability, proactive directed policing, and response to the community.

New Collaborations In October, 2002, the United States Northern Command (NORTHCOM) was created. In January, 2003, the United States Department of Homeland Security emerges as a new key public safety entity.

Hurricane Katrina In August, 2005, hurricane Katrina makes landfall as a Category Four Hurricane. The devastation caused by this event reveals continued challenges associated with coordination among public safety entities.

October 2007 California Wildfires California Wildfires resulting in thousands of acres of burned land, the displacement of close to one million residents.

April 2010 Oil spill in Gulf of Mexico (affected Florida, Alabama, Mississippi). Eleven dead, largest oil spill in U.S. history, Estimated between 172 and 185 million gallons of oil spilled.

October 2012 Hurricane Sandy. Death toll in U.S. 131, largely affected New York and New Jersey. by damaging thousands of homes, hundreds of miles of roadways, subways and bridges . At one point 8 million people were without power. Estimated 63 billion in damages.

REFERENCES

Interactive Design:

Instructional Design:

Project Manager:

CREDITS

Anderson, A. G. (2005). The Development of Municipal Departments in the United States. Journal of Libertarian Studies, (3) 3, 331-359.

Burke, R. (2006). Jacksonville Fire Department: first hazmat team in the United States. Firehouse Magazine. December, 2006.

Chicago Police Department. (2007). A Brief Timeline History of the Chicago Police Department. Retrieved February 25, 2007 from: http://egov.cityofchicago.org/city/webportal/portalContentItemAction.do? BV_SessionID=@@@@1210206262.1172609661@@@@&BV_EngineID=cccdaddkfimdkdmcefecelldffhdfgn.0&contentOID=536941949&contenTypeName=COC_EDITORIAL&topChannelName=Dept&blockName=Police%2FHistory%2FI+Want+To&context=dept&channelId=0&programId=0&entityName=Police&deptMainCategoryOID=-9079

City of Los Angeles Police Department. (2007). Inside the LAPD: History of the LAPD. Retrieved February 26, 2007 from: http://www.lapdonline.org/history_of_the_lapd/content_basic_view/1107

United States Army. (2007). The U.S. Army Center of Military Center of Military History. Retrieved February 26, 2007 from: http://www.army.mil/cmh/books/AMH-V1/index.htm

United States Marine Corps. (2007). Brief History of the United States Marine Corps. Retrieved February 26, 2007 from: http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Customes_Traditions/Brief_History_USMC.htm

United States Navy. (2007). The Navy: The Continental Period, 1775-1890. Retrieved February 26, 2007 from: http://www.history.navy.mil/history/history2.htm

United States Department of Homeland Security. (2007). DHS History: Who Became Part of the Department? Retrieved February 26, 2007 from: http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/history/editorial_0133.shtm

United States Northern Command. (2006). Unite States Northern Command: History. Retrieved February 25, 2007 from: http://www.northcom.mil/about_us/about_us.htm

Christina Adams, Peter Hentges

Zane Thimmesch-Gill

Karen Dodd

L i c e n s e d u n d e r a C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n 3 . 0 L i c e n s e .

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