its a research project about Duckweed population ecology experiment. i need some background and literature searches about duckweed and how different ph levels will affect the growth of the duckweed. i attached file about how to write the paper
Michelle_Michy
20201006051253literature_search_directions.docxCONDUCTING LITERATURE SEARCHES FOR PAPERS
Researching for papers is normally a two-step process:
1. You find journal articles relating to the topic you are researching using a computerized index database.
2. You obtain the articles by finding a library that subscribes to the journals in which the articles were published or you can download (only if you have access rights) the article off of the web.
HOW CAN I FIND JOURNAL ARTICLES RELATING TO THE TOPIC I AM
RESEARCHING?
· This is a bit tricky. One way is to find books relating to your topic and look in the literature cited section of these books for journal articles relating to what you are researching.
· Another option is to search in an INDEX DATABASE.
· What is an INDEX DATABASE?
An index database is a computerized searching device for finding particular journal articles by subject or keyword. For instance, if I wanted to find journal articles that deal with photosynthesis of spinach, I would access a biological index database such as BIOSIS or SCIENCE CITATIONS. Once in BIOSIS, I type in photosynthesis of spinach or some other closely related term. The system searches for all biology journal articles that have photosynthesis of spinach as a keyword or term. Usually the following information is given: author(s), year, title of article, journal title, volume, and page numbers. Once you have this information you can then access a card catalog (such as COAST or ANTPAC) to see if the particular library has the journal (be sure the library has the correct journal volume of interest before you march off to the library.
· How can I access an index database such as BIOSIS?
You can’t get online access to these from home unless you are a student at UCI. However, you can get access by going to the UCI Science Library and using the computerized system over there. [NOTE: this would be well worth your time]
· Do I have any other options? Yes!
One option is to use the EBSCOhost searchable database which can be accessed from the library or any campus computer. EBSCO is not great for science but it does contain some useful things. To access EBSCO go to the Cypress College Library web site and click on the EBSCohost link:
http://library.cypresscollege.edu/Find/articles/dt.aspx
You can access a free online index database at AGRICOLA. This can be accessed at
This database is full of agricultural literature and some of it may be very relevant to your research. Much of this agricultural literature deals with the same things that we deal with in our experiments.
Other very good databases:
1. A reasonable free database is Ingenta (http://www.ingenta.com/) (formerly Uncover Web): this is a searchable database that includes both free and a pay version. To access the free version:
a. go to the web site from the address above
b. at the very top is a window that allows quick searching.
c. Start searching for keywords
2. National Library of Medicine (PubMed): a great source for finding medical/molecular/biochem type articles
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/
3. A new database is Google Scholar. I have this database to be very good and FREE.
4. The Wiley science searchable index: this site is devoted to all articles that have been published in the Wiley (a publisher) family of journals. It is kind of limited in that it dies not search in other journals from other publishing companies. The good news is that Wiley is one of the biggest publishers out there:
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/simplesearch
· Now you have found citations to articles that you are interested in getting, what is the Next Step?
Answer: go to a good library (such as UCI) and use their ANTPAC electronic catalog. Or access the card catalog from home. See below.
HOW DO I GET MY HANDS ON A JOURNAL OR BOOK THAT CONTAINS A PAPER
ON THE TOPIC I HAVE BEEN RESEARCHING?
You can use a card catalog (today these are electronic) to find a book or journal by subject, author, title, keyword, publisher, ...etc. Of these, the most useful will probably be a keyword search [e.g. photosynthesis, chloroplast, light intensity]. You can also use Boolean characters (such as AND, OR, NOT) to link words and narrow or expand your search [e.g. photosynthesis AND light intensity]
A card catalog that is available to you is ANTPAC at UCI. This can be accessed online at
Using ANTPAC is easy: ANTPAC, the Anteaters Public Access Catalog, provides quick, efficient and up-to-date access to the holdings of all of the UCI Libraries: the Main Library, the Science Library and the Medical Center Library.
Books:
ANTPAC lists books currently available in the UCI Libraries, books checked out to another user (and the due date), books on order, as well as books received but not yet cataloged.
Periodicals (journals, magazines, newspapers):
ANTPAC includes titles of periodicals, not individual articles from periodicals. It lists the latest issue received as well as information about periodicals that have gone to the bindery.
Government Publications:
ANTPAC includes U.S. Government publications published since 1976. Recent California documents, cataloged by CalDoc, are included in ANTPAC. Most International government publications acquired since 1994 are included in ANTPAC. Some Orange County materials with Library of Congress call numbers are also listed in ANTPAC.
Other Materials:
ANTPAC also includes microform materials, music scores, sound and video recordings, archive and manuscript collections. Most 16mm films are not listed in ANTPAC.
Step-By-Step Process
1. At home or at Cypress, use an index database to find articles by keyword. Once you find articles, write down their citations (author(s), year, title, journal, volume, issue number, and page numbers).
2. Now you must get these articles. This can be done by downloading the article from the Internet if possible. Most likely, you will have to go to a library that carries the journal and copy it or download it using that library’s computer system.
3. For example, use ANTPAC to locate periodicals:
a. In ANTPAC Web, select a TITLE search by clicking on the TITLE box.
b. On the TITLE search screen, click in the box, type the complete TITLE of the journal or the beginning of the TITLE of the journal, then press Enter or click on Search.
c. Journals and books sometimes share the same title. In ANTPAC a title search retrieves titles for all formats of materials. If you retrieve multiple records, use ANTPAC's limit option to limit your retrieval to journal titles.
d. To limit, click on the LIMIT/SORT button at the top or bottom of the search results screen.
e. Click on the arrow in the MATERIAL Type box to display a menu of possible material types.
f. Click on PERIODICAL.
g. To find the records that are only periodicals, move to bottom of the screen and click on box labeled "LIMIT/SORT ITEMS RETRIEVED USING ABOVE DATA".
h. If you in need of a journal not held by the UCI Libraries, use the MELVYL® online system
Another card catalog is that of the Cal State Long Beach COAST system, which can also be accessed online at
Yet another card catalog is that of the Cal State Fullerton Pollack Online Catalog, which can also be accessed online at:
