A Review on microalgae and Bacteria for municipality wastewater Treatment

SAMPLE Table of Content (TOC) “ different essay topic”

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Chemistry and biochemistry of carotenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1. Biosynthesis of carotenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2. Chemical synthesis of carotenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Significance of carotenoids to human health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Advantages and disadvantages of microalgae as acarotenoid source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Current technologies for carotenoid production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\ . . . . .

6. Technologies of microalgae cultivation for carotenoid production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.1. Cultivation systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.2. Cultivation strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.2.1. Stress-driven adaptive evolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.2.2. Metabolic engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. Down stream processing for carotenoids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.1. Harvesting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.1.1. Physical methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.1.2. Chemical methods for cell harvesting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.2. Cell disruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.2.1. Mechanical disruption methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.2.2. Non-mechanical disruption methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3. Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3.1. Conventional solvent extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3.2. Super-/sub-critical solvent extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3.3. Other extraction methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3.4. Wet extraction. . . . . . . . .

Essay’s Marking Scheme

Items	Percent
Chapter introduction, background and/or significance etc. (correct, clear and easy to follow?)	5%
Is the subject review comprehensive - covering all essential area? - Is all area covering well and properly organized -Sections and Subsections have proper connections and include connecting statements from one paragraph to another	5x2=10%
Presentation, analyses and discussions (critical review with additional analyses) -Clear, logical, with enough explanation -Good connections in each paragraph and sections -Critical analysis and points by authors during discussion -Analysis and discussed the results of Figures and Tables -Include Equations (Kinetics/analytical area) - Similarity index less than 10 % (Include Similarity index report)	5x6=30%
New points, arguments, and inputs · New points and findings · Arguments and input comments · Rephrase sentences in logical and proper grammatical used	5x3=15%
Figures, tables & Charts  -Clear and informative, enough to support the presentations  --Insert all figures and Tables in appropriate place in the texts(Inside the texts not in the last part) - Include the reference name at the end of title -Analysis and Discuss all the presented Figures and Tables -Include modified or adopted tables/figures -Include charts drawn by Author -Include Process Schematic diagram/flow diagram drawn by Author	5x7=35%
Report format (correct?) (Title, table of content, sections with proper titles, nomenclature, reference citation)-All the text use Times new roman 12 Fonts 1.5 line space.	5%

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