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20200822045334soc_2.ppt

Chapter x

RACE AND ETHNICITY IN THE US, 8TH EDITION
Richard T. Schaefer

Chapter 2

Prejudice

© 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Prejudice and Discrimination

  • Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people
  • Often expressed through ethnophaulisms (ethnic slurs or disrespectful speech)

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Prejudice and Discrimination

  • Can be related to ethnocentrism - the tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life are superior to others
  • Discrimination is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Prejudice and Discrimination

  • Merton’s Typology
  • 1. The unprejudiced nondiscriminator—or all-weather liberal
  • 2. The unprejudiced discriminator—or reluctant liberal
  • 3. The prejudiced nondiscriminator—or timid bigot
  • 4. The prejudiced discriminator—or all-weather bigot

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Prejudice and Discrimination

  • LaPiere’s Study
  • Exposed the relationship between racial attitudes and social conduct
  • Despite an alleged climate of intolerance of Asians, LaPiere observed that the couple was treated courteously

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

White Privilege

  • White privilege refers to the rights or immunities granted as a particular benefit or favor for being White.
  • This advantage exists unconsciously and is often invisible to White people (Ferber 2008).

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

White Privilege

  • Examples of White Privilege (McIntosh 1988) include:
  • Being considered financially reliable when using checks, credit cards, or cash.
  • Taking a job without having coworkers suspect it came about because of race.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

White Privilege

  • Never having to speak for all the people of your race
  • Watching television or reading a newspaper and seeing people of your own race widely represented.
  • Speaking effectively in a large group without being called a credit to your race.
  • Assuming that if legal or medical help is needed, your race will not work against you

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Prejudice

  • Scapegoating Theory
  • Scapegoating theory says that prejudiced people believe they are society’s victims
  • Anti-Semitism—anti-Jewish prejudice and discrimination
  • Authoritarian Personality Theory
  • Authoritarian personality has basic characteristics that mean it is a personality type that is likely to be prejudiced

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Prejudice

  • Exploitation Theory
  • Exploitation or conflict approach explains how racism can stigmatize a group as inferior to justify the exploitation of that group
  • Normative Approach
  • The normative approach takes the view that prejudice is influenced by societal norms and situations that encourage or discourage the tolerance of minorities.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Stereotypes

  • What Are Stereotypes?
  • Stereotypes are unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account.
  • Stereotyping in Action: Racial Profiling
  • Racial profiling is any police-initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than the person’s behavior.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Color-Blind Racism

  • Color-blind racism refers to the use of race-neutral principles to defend the racially unequal status quo.
  • The pursuit of a color-blind agenda has created lower levels of support for politics that could reduce racial inequality if implemented

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Mood of the Oppressed

  • Opinion pollsters have been interested in White attitudes on racial issues longer than they have measured the views of subordinate groups
  • National surveys showed that the 2008 successful presidential bid of Senator Barack Obama led to a sense of optimism and national pride among African Americans

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Intergroup Hostility

  • It is curious to find that some groups feel they get along better with Whites than with other minority groups
  • Gangs become organized along racial lines, much like private clubs “downtown”

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Reducing Prejudice

  • Education
  • Formal education is associated with racial tolerance
  • Mass Media
  • Underrepresentation and stereotyping of minorities
  • Avoidance versus Friendship
  • The Social Distance Scale

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Reducing Prejudice

  • Bogardus Scale – measures social distance
  • Social Distance - the tendency to approach or withdraw from a racial group 
  • Respondents who had friends of different races and ethnicities showed greater social distance
  • Less likely to have been in each other’s homes
  • Shared in fewer activities
  • Less likely to talk about their problems with each other

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Reducing Prejudice

  • Intergroup Contact – equal status contact makes a difference
  • Intergroup contact between people of equal status in harmonious circumstances will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previously held stereotypes.
  • Key factors: equal status and presence of a common goal
  • Avoidance Via the Internet 

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Reducing Prejudice

  • Corporate Response: Diversity Training
  • Workplace Training Programs –most effective is integrated into initial job training, reinforced periodically, and part of the mission of the organization

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.