This assignment should be approximately 500 words. Here are some suggestions for what might be useful to include:
Chapter x
RACE AND ETHNICITY IN THE US, 8TH EDITION
Richard T. Schaefer
Chapter 2
Prejudice
© 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Prejudice and Discrimination
- Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people
- Often expressed through ethnophaulisms (ethnic slurs or disrespectful speech)
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prejudice and Discrimination
- Can be related to ethnocentrism - the tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life are superior to others
- Discrimination is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prejudice and Discrimination
- Merton’s Typology
- 1. The unprejudiced nondiscriminator—or all-weather liberal
- 2. The unprejudiced discriminator—or reluctant liberal
- 3. The prejudiced nondiscriminator—or timid bigot
- 4. The prejudiced discriminator—or all-weather bigot
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prejudice and Discrimination
- LaPiere’s Study
- Exposed the relationship between racial attitudes and social conduct
- Despite an alleged climate of intolerance of Asians, LaPiere observed that the couple was treated courteously
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© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
White Privilege
- White privilege refers to the rights or immunities granted as a particular benefit or favor for being White.
- This advantage exists unconsciously and is often invisible to White people (Ferber 2008).
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
White Privilege
- Examples of White Privilege (McIntosh 1988) include:
- Being considered financially reliable when using checks, credit cards, or cash.
- Taking a job without having coworkers suspect it came about because of race.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
White Privilege
- Never having to speak for all the people of your race
- Watching television or reading a newspaper and seeing people of your own race widely represented.
- Speaking effectively in a large group without being called a credit to your race.
- Assuming that if legal or medical help is needed, your race will not work against you
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Theories of Prejudice
- Scapegoating Theory
- Scapegoating theory says that prejudiced people believe they are society’s victims
- Anti-Semitism—anti-Jewish prejudice and discrimination
- Authoritarian Personality Theory
- Authoritarian personality has basic characteristics that mean it is a personality type that is likely to be prejudiced
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Theories of Prejudice
- Exploitation Theory
- Exploitation or conflict approach explains how racism can stigmatize a group as inferior to justify the exploitation of that group
- Normative Approach
- The normative approach takes the view that prejudice is influenced by societal norms and situations that encourage or discourage the tolerance of minorities.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Stereotypes
- What Are Stereotypes?
- Stereotypes are unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account.
- Stereotyping in Action: Racial Profiling
- Racial profiling is any police-initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than the person’s behavior.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Color-Blind Racism
- Color-blind racism refers to the use of race-neutral principles to defend the racially unequal status quo.
- The pursuit of a color-blind agenda has created lower levels of support for politics that could reduce racial inequality if implemented
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© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Mood of the Oppressed
- Opinion pollsters have been interested in White attitudes on racial issues longer than they have measured the views of subordinate groups
- National surveys showed that the 2008 successful presidential bid of Senator Barack Obama led to a sense of optimism and national pride among African Americans
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Intergroup Hostility
- It is curious to find that some groups feel they get along better with Whites than with other minority groups
- Gangs become organized along racial lines, much like private clubs “downtown”
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© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reducing Prejudice
- Education
- Formal education is associated with racial tolerance
- Mass Media
- Underrepresentation and stereotyping of minorities
- Avoidance versus Friendship
- The Social Distance Scale
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© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reducing Prejudice
- Bogardus Scale – measures social distance
- Social Distance - the tendency to approach or withdraw from a racial group
- Respondents who had friends of different races and ethnicities showed greater social distance
- Less likely to have been in each other’s homes
- Shared in fewer activities
- Less likely to talk about their problems with each other
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reducing Prejudice
- Intergroup Contact – equal status contact makes a difference
- Intergroup contact between people of equal status in harmonious circumstances will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previously held stereotypes.
- Key factors: equal status and presence of a common goal
- Avoidance Via the Internet
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reducing Prejudice
- Corporate Response: Diversity Training
- Workplace Training Programs –most effective is integrated into initial job training, reinforced periodically, and part of the mission of the organization
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2015, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.