Using your annotated bibliography and references as a guide, write a rough draft of your Psychology Research Paper.

20191129003519cking_annotatedbibliographyschizophrenia_11242019.docx

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Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SCHIZOPHRENIA 1

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SCHIZOPHRENIA 3

Annotated Bibliography on Schizophrenia

Ciera King

Rasmussen College

G148/PSY1012

November 24, 2019

Postmes, L. V. D., Goedhart, S., Stel, J., Heering, H., & Haan, L. (2014). Schizophrenia as a self-disorder due to perceptual incoherence. Schizophrenia Research, 152(1), 41–50. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.027

The authors in this article sought to describe the possible relationship that may exist between self-disorders, which are included in the schizophrenia spectrum and multi-sensory disintegration. Impairments in sensory processing are thought to affect multisensory integration hence the need for the study. The study provides information on the importance of multisensory integration in ensuring that an individual has normal self-experience. It is theorized that perceptual incoherence, which refers to multisensory integration impairment, may lead to self-disorders. As a result, increased investigations on these disorders can help in understanding how they are related to schizophrenia.

The authors conducted a literature review with a view of answering tow research questions. One of the questions sought to determine whether self-disorders and perceptual incoherence are related to any disorders that appear in the schizophrenia spectrum. The second question assessed the characteristics of the relationship between self-disorders, psychotic symptoms, and perceptual incoherence. To get the required informational sources, the authors conducted keyword searches with all resources considered without time limitation.

From the research findings, it was established that impairment in somatosensory feedback could cause perceptual incoherence. This feedback is considered to be a vital mechanism in aspects that are associated with self-recognition, including imagination, memory, and sensory-motor prediction. The researchers viewed self-disorders as the main deficit in invoking schizophrenia. It was also established that coping strategies help in realizing positive symptoms as they help an individual to alienate self-experiences, which cause multisensory integration. The study also established that understanding that both self-disorders and perceptional incoherence cause disturbances and incoherent perceptions can help in recognizing individuals who at high-risks of being developing a state of imbalance. As a result of differentiating those with high risks and lesser risks can help in improving the ability to recognize schizophrenia in its early stages among people. This will help schizophrenia patients to avoid forming delusions, which can worsen self-disorders.

Ganguly, Soliman, Abdrabo, Moustafa, & A., A. (2018, May 17). Holistic Management of Schizophrenia Symptoms Using Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Treatment. Retrieved November 23, 2019, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00166/full.

The article focuses on the general management of symptoms caused by schizophrenia in the usage of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. The primary emphasis of the article was to develop the excellence of life lived by the patient with schizophrenia by analyzing the wants touching these patients and also on how to present them in a unified manner — this brain disorder impact how a person thinks acts and perceives the world. Despite the role played by the medication, the article focuses on other characteristics that come up with successful holistic management for patients with Schizophrenia. Factors include financial management for patients, relationships, friendship, and proper exercising. The review has a broad discussion on the association between diverse symptoms and the difficulties associated with patients having schizophrenic and how these problems can be solved using the pharmacological and also the non-pharmacological treatment.

The article starts by focusing on defining the meaning of schizophrenia broadly, and it gives the causes and symptoms associated with the disorder. It shows the report that found that men are riskier to schizophrenia disorder compared to women. The review shows steps that can be used to manage the disorder and how, when executed well, is of great importance to the individual suffering from the disorder. There is an explanation relating to the long-term disability burden of schizophrenia and harsh effect concerning this long-term disorder. The review also gives the importance of considering other factors like the well and exceptional living of individuals rather than reducing symptoms only. The study method used was a qualitative approach where search strategy included keywords such as Schizophrenia, management, antipsychotic medication, employment, and holistic. The articles were correctly examined to ensure that the goal line of the study focuses on the treatment of patients having schizophrenia. The conclusions were that articles majorly focus on symptoms reduction rather than the well-being of an individual, which is of great importance to individuals with Schizophrenia.

Picchioni, M. M., & Murray, R. M. (2007). Schizophrenia. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 335(7610), 91–95. DOI:10.1136/bmj.39227.616447.BE

The article focuses on the presentation and causes related to schizophrenia; it summarizes the treatment available, and the article tries to clean some myths that have come up concerning schizophrenia. The articles introduce schizophrenia by defining it, showing how common is schizophrenia and who can get it and the causes related to schizophrenia. The research looked on if there can be any other healthier habits that can be used to outline schizophrenia rather than the occurrence of misbeliefs and hallucinations, to consider other signs that are nearly related to the pathophysiological procedure rather than continuously medical signs. The article focuses on the effects of people who have schizophrenic disorder undergoes; they hear auditory hallucinations, voices in them that often criticize, and also abuse them. The article shows how the unknown speeches can speak straight to patients, remark on the patient's deed, or converse the person amid themselves. This has coiled around a great myth in the society, and relatives normally misinterpret the voices, and they develop strange beliefs and assumptions towards the patients.

The research method used secondary data were website knowledge, the current National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (N.I.C.E), and the Cochrane Library guidelines for suitable and best evidence-based material. Schizophrenia was found prevalent in late adolescent and early adulthood; men were found to have an old age onset compared to women; a systematic review showed that it is extra shared among men than women with a risk ratio being high for men. An analysis exposed that individuals having schizophrenia are at risk of experiencing obesity problems, specifically untimely birth, and low weight at the time of delivery. They are also, to some extent, more likely to have been born in early spring and late winter. In conclusion, the assumption that schizophrenic has a low and deprived prognosis is false since more than eighty percent can recover, and the rest 20 percent will never have another episode of it.

References

Picchioni, M. M., & Murray, R. M. (2007). Schizophrenia. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 335(7610), 91–95. DOI:10.1136/bmj.39227.616447.BE