Read PPT, Previous Paper and instructions before start to work on this paper
Michelle_Michy
20191123215159procurement_management_ppt.pptxProcurement Management
Importance of Project Procurement Management
Procurement means acquiring goods and/or services from an outside source
Other terms include purchasing and outsourcing
Debates on Outsourcing
Some companies, such as Wal-Mart, prefer to do no outsourcing at all, while others do a lot of outsourcing.
GM recently announced plans to switch from outsourcing 90% of IT service to only 10%
Most organizations do some form of outsourcing to meet their IT needs and spend most money within their own country
Why Outsource?
To access skills and technologies
To reduce both fixed and recurrent costs
To allow the client organization to focus on its core business
To provide flexibility
To increase accountability
PM Network – Risks of Outsourcing
Boeing’s Dreamliner
Following suit and not minding risks
Vendor Issues
Misunderstanding
Information Exchange
Schedule Overruns
PM Network – The More the Merrier
More providers, more problems
Differing methodologies and tools
Service and Operating Level Agreements
Find a balance that works for the organization
Contracts
A contract is a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified products or services and obligates the buyer to pay for them
Contracts can clarify responsibilities and sharpen focus on key deliverables of a project
Because contracts are legally binding, there is more accountability for delivering the work as stated in the contract
Project Procurement Management Processes
Project procurement management: Acquiring goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization
Processes include:
Planning procurement management
Conducting procurements
Controlling procurements
Closing procurements
Planning Procurement Management
Identifying which project needs can best be met by using products or services outside the organization
Types of Contracts:
Fixed Price (or lump sum)
Cost Reimbursable
Time and Material
Unit Price
Point of Total Assumption
The Point of Total Assumption (PTA) is the cost at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost
Contractors do not want to reach the point of total assumption, because it hurts them financially, so they have an incentive to prevent cost overruns
The PTA is calculated with the following formula:
PTA = (ceiling price – target price)/government share + target cost
Cost Reimbursable Contracts
Cost plus incentive fee (CPIF
Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF)
Cost plus percentage of costs (CPPC)
Contract Clauses
Contracts should include specific clauses to take into account issues unique to the project
Can require various educational or work experience for different pay rights
Often includes:
Termination clause
Limitation of liability clause
Tools and Techniques for Planning Purchases and Acquisitions
Expert judgment
Market research
Make-or-buy analysis: General management technique used to determine whether an organization should make or perform a particular product or service inside the organization or buy from someone else
Exercise: Make-or-Buy Example
Assume you can lease an item you need for a project for $800/day. To purchase the item, the cost is $12,000 plus a daily operational cost of $400/day
How long will it take for the purchase cost to be the same as the lease cost?
Contract Statement of Work (SOW)
A statement of work is a description of the work required for the procurement
If a SOW is used as part of a contract to describe only the work required for that particular contract, it is called a contract stmt of work
Procurement Documents
Request for Proposals
Proposal
Requests for Quotes
Bid
Source Selection Criteria
It’s important to prepare some form of evaluation criteria, preferably before issuing a formal RFP or RFQ
Beware of proposals that look good on paper; be sure to evaluate factors, such as past performance and management approach
Conducting Procurements
Deciding whom to ask to do the work
Sending appropriate documentation to potential
sellers
Obtaining proposals or bids
Selecting a seller
Awarding a contract
Approaches for Procurement
Organizations can advertise to procure goods and services in several ways:
Approaching the preferred vendor
Approaching several potential vendors
Advertising to anyone interested
Seller Selection
Organizations often do an initial evaluation of all proposals and bids and then develop a short list of potential sellers for further evaluation
Controlling Procurements
Ensures that the seller’s performance meets contractual requirements
Contracts are legal relationships, so it is important that legal and contracting professionals be involved in writing and administering contracts
It is critical that project managers and team members watch for constructive change orders
Suggestions for Change Control in Contracts
Evaluation of any change should include an impact analysis. How will the change affect the scope, time, cost, and quality of the goods or services being provided?
Changes must be documented in writing. Project team members should also document all important meetings and telephone phone calls
Best Practice
Accenture developed a list of best practices from experienced outsourcers throughout the world:
Build in Broad Business Outcomes Early and Often
Hire a Partner, Not Just a Provider
It’s More Than a Contract, It’s a Business Relationship
Leverage Gain-Sharing
Use Active Governance
Assign a Dedicated Executive
Focus Relentlessly on Primary Objectives
Closing Procurements
The project team should:
Determine if all work was completed correctly and satisfactorily
Update records to reflect final results
Archive information for future use
The contract itself should include requirements for formal acceptance and closure
Tools to Assist in Contract Closure
Procurement audits identify lessons learned in the procurement process
Negotiated settlements help close contracts more smoothly
A records management system provides the ability to easily organize, find, and archive procurement-related documents
Chapter Summary
Project procurement management involves acquiring goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization
Processes include:
Plan procurement management
Conduct procurements
Control procurements
Close procurements
