Success Letter for ICS 392 （Executive Coaching - Leadership in a VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Chaotic & Ambiguous Business Environment）

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Home >Business & Finance homework help >Management homework help >Success Letter for ICS 392 （Executive Coaching - Leadership in a VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Chaotic & Ambiguous Business Environment）

David Drehmer, PhD, ACC, FAAETS, FIOCPA, CSP

The challenges of leading in a VUCA (volatile, uncertain,

chaotic & ambiguous) business environment

Powerpoint Day 2 EXECUTIVE COACHING: LEADERSHIP in a VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Chaotic & Ambiguous) BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT.

Name __________________________________________________________ If this workbook is found, please return it to the Management Department, DePaul University, Room 7000, One East Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, IL 60604 so that it may be returned to its owner.

Day 2 1/3/2018

David Drehmer, PhD, ACC, FAAETS, FIOCPA, CSP Associate Professor of Management & Entrepreneurship, DePaul University Executive Director (emeritus), Performance Enhancement Institute, PC Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Consulting Organizational Psychologist Senior Scientist, Neuroscience Institute Clinical Director (emeritus) & Co‐Founder, Center for Traumatic Stress Founding Fellow, Harvard Institute of Coaching, Harvard Medical School Fellow, Center for Creativity and Innovation, DePaul University Mentor Coach, International Coach Federation Harvard Business Review, Advisory Council

Coaching: Leadership in a VUCA Business Environment

Positive Psychology

David E. Drehmer, PhD

Positive Psychology Scientific Study of Human Flourishing

aka: The Science of Happiness

Don’t forget to turn your cell phone on after the presentation

Some people create happiness wherever they go

Some cause happiness whenever they go.

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Why Science?

It works in practice, but

Will it work in theory?

Happy People Make More Money

Diener, Nickerson,

Lucas, & Sandvik (2002)

College Entry Cheerfulness and Income 19 Years Later

Happy People Live Longer The Nun Study

Most cheerful +7 Years

Most +ive emotion words +9.5 Years

Most variety of +ive words +10.5 Years

Danner, Snowdon, & Friesen, 2001.

Happy People Live Longer

Not Smoking: +12 Years

Being Happy: +10.5 Years

So if you must smoke…

You better enjoy

it!

(S)he who laughs . . . lasts

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What problem do you want to work on?

We are having a problem!

What’s your chief complaint?

Psychological Research (1967‐2000)

Negative • Anger: 5584 • Anxiety: 41,416

• Depression: 54,040

Positive • Joy: 415 • Happiness 1,710

• Life Satisfaction 2582

Ratio: 1 / 21

Growth “Human systems grow in the direction of what they persistently ask questions about.”

Cooperrider and Whitney

Focus on weaknesses Focus on strengths Overcoming deficiencies Building competencies Avoiding pain Seeking pleasure Running from unhappiness Pursuing happiness Neutral state (0) as ceiling No ceiling Tensionless as ideal Creative tension as ideal

Disease Model Health Model

neurosis, anger, anxiety, wellbeing, satisfaction, joy depression, psychosis excitement, happiness

Happiness isn’t the Negation of Unhappiness

-_______________________ 0 ____________________ +

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• Positive psychological approach (1980s-) – “What makes some individuals

succeed despite unfavorable circumstances?”

• Traditional psychology (Post-WWII) – “Why do these individuals fail?”

The Power of Positive Psychology: Studying At-Risk Population

Water the flowers, not the weeds.

Three Kinds of Happiness

• Pleasure • Engagement • Purpose, Intention,

Meaning

Coca Cola

Hardiness and Stress (engagement)

Flow

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Engagement & Flow

Purpose & Intention

Southwest Airlines Purpose

Life Balance

Why Science?

But what works?

And how do we

know?

Uncommon Sense Telling kids they are smart?

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Effort not Ability

Jeffrey Immelt

Ed Deiner

age gender education social class income having children ethnicity intelligence physical attractiveness

Correlations with happiness and life satisfaction (zero and small)

Correlations with happiness and life satisfaction

(moderate) number of friends being married religiousness level of leisure activity physical health conscientiousness extroversion neuroticism (negative) internal locus of control

Correlations with happiness and life satisfaction

(large) gratitude optimism being employed frequency of sexual intercourse percent of time experiencing positive affect test retest reliability of happiness measure happiness of identical twins self‐esteem

Correlations in medical studies

Aspirin and reduced risk of death by heart attack: r = 0.03

Chemotherapy and survival with breast cancer: r = 0.03

Smoking and lung cancer: r = 0.08

Anti‐histamine use and reduced nasal congestion: r = 0.11

College grades and job performance: r = 0.16

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Interventions to Increase Happiness

Gratitude Visit

Savoring 3 Good Things

You at Your Best

Signature Strengths

Seligman, Steen, Park, & Peterson (2005)

Gratitude

Three Good Things

Signature Strengths

The Evidence‐ I

The Evidence‐ II

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Four Ways to Savor • Basking – receptive to praise and

congratulations

• Luxuriating – engaging the senses fully

• Thanksgiving – experiencing and engaging gratitude

• Marveling – losing self in the wonder of the experience

Bryant & Verhoff (2007)

Two StrategiesTwo Strategies

Bowling Study Students in college PE class Randomly assigned to 2 groups 1. Coaching Style: What you did wrong

2. Coaching Style: What you did right

Results – 11 pin difference

Avoid what you did wrong

Think about what you did right

Elliot & McGregor (2001)

Approach Goals

• I will be on time for class

• I want to finish my assignments on time

• I want to be more assertive

Avoidance Goals

• I will not be late for class

• I want to stop procrastinating

• I want to stop being so shy

Approach Oriented Students

Higher exam scores with less test stress

More class engagement

Fewer visits to the student health center

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The Power (and Peril) of Positive Thinking

Imagine Succeeding Easily Imagine Overcoming Obstacles

Search for High Paying Jobs after College

Also: Weight Loss Lasting Romantic Relationships Recovery from Hip Replacement Surgery

Success = Imagine Confidence + Imagine Overcoming Tough Time

Gabriele Oettingen (2000, 2009)

Moving Forward

Halverson (2011)

Be good ‐ performance Proving yourself ‐ validation Drives performance and perfection Failure seen as permanent, pervasive, personal Ability determines success or failure Its about the destination

Get better ‐ mastery Improving yourself ‐ growth Experience fuels improvement and excellence Effort determines success or failure Appreciate and enjoy the journey Buffers depression and anxiety Learning promotes happiness and achievement

Inch Pebbles are as Important as Milestones

. . .But you can’t cross a chasm in two short leaps.

Conquer Goal Saboteurs

It’s about execution Seize the moment Know what to do Put your shields up Know how you are doing

What You Can Do

Halverson (2011)

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It’s about execution

Most of the time, we know what needs to be done to reach a goal. We just don’t manage to actually do it. Focusing on execution is essential for success

Halverson (2011)

Seize the moment

Given how busy most of us are, and how many goals we are pursuing at once, it’s not surprising that we routinely miss opportunities to act on a goal because we simply fail to notice them. Achieving your goal means grabbing hold of these opportunities before they slip through your fingers.

Halverson (2011)

Know what to do

Once you’ve seized the moment, you’ve got to figure out exactly what you’re going to do with it. When you can’t act swiftly, you risk wasting the opportunity.

Halverson (2011)

Put your shields up

Goals require protection. Distractions, temptations, and competing goals can steal your attention and your energy, and sap your motivation.

Halverson (2011)

Know how you are doing

Achieving a goal also requires careful monitoring. If you don’t know how well you are doing, you can’t adjust your behavior or your strategies accordingly. Check your progress frequently.

Halverson (2011)

Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.

Downside of Performance Goals

Thomas A. Edison

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Noah Principle

One survives, not by predicting rain, but by building arks.

Science: A Deeper Understanding

It works in practice, but will it work in theory?

Solution Focused Coaching

Find five beige things

Human Flourishing in a Nutshell:

For someone to flourish, it is not enough to fix what’s wrong.

You also need to focus on what’s right!

Miracle Question

Suppose a miracle happens tonight. The problem that brings you here has been solved (to a significant extent), but you are unaware of it because you are asleep. What will be the first thing that you notice tomorrow morning that tells you the miracle has taken place? What else?

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Basic Solution‐Focused Questions

What are your best hopes? What difference would that make? What is already working in the right direction? What would be the next sign of progress? What would the next step be?

Bannink (2006)

All Coaches: Activity: get your clients to rewrite all their avoidance goals as approach goals.

Corporate Coaches: Ask “What does your organization do well?” rather than “What’s your biggest problem?”

Personal Coaches: Ask “What 3 good things happened since our last coaching session?”

Marcus Buckingham

Go Put Your Strengths To Work

Sir Ken Robinson

Finding Your Passion

Loved it, Loathed, It I Loved It … • I felt strong when …

I Loathed it … • I felt weak (drained, bored) when …

Signs of a Strength

Source: Marcus Buckingham, Go Put Your Strengths to Work

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VIA Strengths: History

DSM / ICD Classification of

Dis-Ease

Un-DSM Classification of

Ease

Why focus on strengths?

24 VIA Strengths • Creativity • Curiosity • Judgment & Open‐

Mindedness • Love of Learning • Perspective • Bravery • Perseverance • Honesty • Zest • Capacity to Love and Be

Loved • Kindness • Social Intelligence

• Teamwork • Fairness • Leadership • Forgiveness & Mercy • Modesty & Humility • Prudence • Self‐Regulation • Appreciation of Beauty

and Excellence • Gratitude • Hope & Optimism • Humor • Religiousness &

Spirituality

How Low Can You Go?

Strength Spotting in Conversations

Verbal Clues

• Increased clarity in speech • Quicker speech • Stronger voice • Larger vocabulary • More direct—to the point • Speaking to several related

points in the story • Creative word choice

Strength Spotting in Conversations

Non‐Verbal Clues

• Energy • Improved posture • Good eye contact • Eyes light up • More hand gestures • Smiling / laughing more • Positive emotions – excitement, joy, hope

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Key Assessment Questions

• What are your signature strengths? (Character)

• What do you have a natural ability for? (Talents)

• What are you good at? (Skills)

• What do you like to do? (Interests)

• What do you hope for your future? (Dreams)

• What principles do you hold most dear? (Values)

What the Research Says Most Associated with Wellbeing

Hope Curiosity

Gratitude Zest

Capacity to Love and Be Loved

What the Research Says What about workplace satisfaction?

Of 24 VIA strengths, only TWO are positively correlated with workplace satisfaction!

Zest Hope &

Optimism

“Don’t ask what the world needs. Ask what makes you come alive. Because what the world needs are people who have come alive.”

Harold Whitman

Using Your Strengths

“The task of leadership is to create an alignment of strengths, making a system’s weaknesses irrelevant.”

But my clients want to work on their weaknesses!

Peter Drucker Professor Emeritus, Harvard University

Carol Kaufmann

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Bridge Building

Bridge Building / Elevator

Identify and practice how we translate our selves to others.

Feature • Here is my strength of ____________

Benefit • And here is what’s in it for you: _______

Exercise

Speaker’s experience and Observer’s experience. One reflection / suggestion from each person at the table.

Coach to your client’s strengths!

• Ask clients to do the VIA survey: www.viame.org

• Practice using signature strengths in a different way each week

• Focus on the “top 5” for well‐ being

• Career coaches: focus on the “top 2” for workplace satisfaction

Character Strengths Alignment Top 5 Strengths Top 5 Work Tasks Alignment

Harzer & Ruch (2016); Littman‐Ovadia & Niemiec (2017)

Affirm Them Spotlight their: – Abilities – Strengths – Efforts – Values – Intentions

Recognition vs. Praise Military Families Network July 19, 2016 By David Christian, Ph.D.

Affirmations • Your commitment really shows by…

• You showed a lot of [strength, courage, determination] by doing that.

• It’s clear that you’re really trying to change your…

• By the way you handled that situation, you showed a lot of [strength, courage, determination].

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Strengths & AffirmationsStrengths & Affirmations Example: Student continues to miss class and not complete assignments. •Strength: Determination to make his own decisions. •Expression? Resists changing behavior when professor tells him that he must change his school habits or face losing scholarship, flunking out and not graduating. •Helps how? Allows him to maintain some control in a situation that may feel out of control. Provides a sense of integrity. Consistent with values. •Affirmation? You’re not somebody who does something just because somebody says you must. You have to decide if it is right for you, and sometimes this means standing against some pretty formidable pressure.

Affirmations I I know my assignment is late but I have to study for the GREs. Mom died and Dad lost his job. I have to work! There is nothing I can do to pass. It’s hopeless and I’m helpless. I’m going to keep trying for as long as it takes – one day at a time. I have been abstinent all week, but the cravings were REALLY bad! I don’t have a problem with grades – I can study anytime I want.

Affirmations II I feel alone, no one will help me. I’m not smart enough. It comes so easily for others. I resent that my girlfriend gets to go out and party while I have to stay home and study. I don’t need to do bullshit participation in class when there is better stuff on Youtube. I am very disappointed with this class and your attitude. Your lack patriotism, and your support for burning the American flag is disgraceful. It blows my mind how a professor of a prestigious university could behave like that. Frankly, I’m not interested in being told that I should support Islamic terrorists, rapist drug dealing Mexicans and Obamacare.

Phone‐a Friend

What five words describe me when I am at my very best?

Ask this Question?

Marcial Losada

Observed business strategy teams • Counted positive and negative statements

• Counted inquiry and advocacy statements

• Counted self and other statements

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Inquiry – Advocacy Examples

Inquiry

• How could we improve on these numbers?

• Can you expand on that?

• Tell me more…

Advocacy

• Let’s take this approach…

• I don’t think that’s a good idea

• Can’t we just try out my suggestion?

Positive – Negative Examples

Positive • That’s a great idea!

• Congratulations on that big accomplishment

• Here’s what our customers said they like about our new product…

• We rock!

Negative • You don’t know what

you’re talking about

• Our competition is killing us

• That’s a great idea…

Self – Other Examples

Other

• What do our customers think about this?

• Our competition is killing us

• The new regulations are going to have a huge effect on our industry

Self

• The coffee in the snack room sucks

• That should be the responsibility of our marketing department

• Why can’t I get my own parking space?

60 Teams Later

Inquiry/Advocacy Positive/Negative Other/Self

Strengths, Again

Hope Zest Curiosity Gratitude Love

Positivity Inquiry Other Focus

Increase your team’s inquiry / advocacy ratio!

• Practice Active Constructive Responding

• Managers: Ask, Ask, Ask

• Other “active listening” exercises – use your coach training skills

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Why Positive Emotions?

Negative emotions restrict options, e.g. “fight or flight”

Positive emotions promote growth, creativity, and exploration

Barb Frederickson “Broaden and Build” theory

Workaholism

Running Hitting the Wall v. Runner’s High

Inside the Brain The Limbic System

Thalamus Amygdala Hippocampus Cingulate Gyrus Hypothalamus Pituitary

Emotional Processing

Information and Stress

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The “Old Story”

Deliberate Effort

Positive Outcome

Positive Emotions

Broaden and Build Theory Positive Emotions

Increased Psychological Resources Creativity Optimism

Resilience Increased Outcomes

Increased Efforts

Attention to Periphery Control Participant: 15.5% Peripheral Fixation

Positive Emotion Participant: 75.5% Peripheral Fixation

Wadlinger & Isaacowitz (2006). Motivation and Emotion, 30, 87-89.

Green Red Blue Orange Purple

Green Red Blue

Orange Purple

Name the Ink Color

Kraft & Pressman, 2012

Has hopes and aspirations Is trying to avoid suffering Is striving for happiness & fulfillment Has experienced pain & disappointment Wants to feel respected and valued Desires to live in peace and safety May (s)he live life with ease

Just like me, this person . . . Compassion

Repeat for intimate friend, close friend, acquaintance, stranger, enemy

Lifeline in Smile not Palm

Abel, E. L., & Kruger, M. L. (2010). Smile intensity in photographs predicts longevity. Psychological Science, 21, 542-544.

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Measuring Smiles

Increase Your Face Value

Notice your Reaction?

Ron Gutman

Smile

Happy Marriages

Couples Lab

5 : 1 (P:N) Ratio John & Julie Gottman

University of Washington

Positivity Ratio Positive Emotion

Negative Emotion = 3:1 5:1

(Individuals) (teams)

How can you increase this ratio in your life?

Teams: How can you improve your positivity ratio?

www.positivityratio.com

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Example Use my favorite body lotion in the morning, take time for lunch, take a 15 minute coffee break with my husband, take a 15 minute walk with the dog, listen to my favorite song on youtube and dance in my office, meditate…

Stop watching the depressing Oprahs, stop watching the news, stop getting upset about traffic, wake up 20 minutes earlier to avoid fights with the children…

-N

Gottman: Bids and Turns

Toward

Against

Away

Currency of the Emotional Bank Account

Name These Fruits

Prevent Truth Decay

Use Mental Floss

Learned Optimism Martin Seligman (2006)

“We have found over the years that positive statements you make to yourself have little if any effect. What is crucial is what you think when you fail, using the power of nonnegative thinking. Changing the destructive things you say to yourself when you experience the setbacks that life deals all of us is the central skill of optimism.”

Learned Optimism Explanatory Style

We are more optimistic when we can see the bad things that happen to us as…

1. Temporary vs. Permanent 2. Specific vs. Pervasive 3. Not Personal vs. Personal

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Adversity Belief or negative Self- Talk

Consequence Disputation

This is the bad event that occurs.

Automatic Negative Thoughts or beliefs about yourself when the bad event occurs.

How do you feel as a result?

Dispute the belief with a more realistic response.

During my interview I think I gave a very stupid answer to an important question.

“I’m such an idiot!” (permanent) “They’ll never hire me now” (permanent) “I’m so bad at interviews” (pervasive)

I feel embarrassed, like I’m going to fail. What’s the point of sending a thank you note, they won’t hire me anyway. I don’t want to go on any more interviews!

I know I didn’t give the best answer I could have, but I’m not an idiot. I just gave a bad answer that time (temporary). I don’t actually know if they won’t hire me;

That is just me mind-reading and fortune telling. I did well on my other interviews so I’ll do better next time (specific).

Two Wolves

Increase your team’s positivity!

• Measure positivity ratios: www.positivityratio.com

• Measure Optimism scores: www.authentichappiness.org

• Team activity: Brainstorm ways to increase positivity and decrease negativity in the team

• Individual activity: Thought disputation and reframing (DML, ABCD, etc.)

Appreciative Inquiry DISCOVERY Appreciating

“The Best of What Is”

DESTINY Sustaining

“What Will Be”

DREAM Envisioning

“What Could Be”

DESIGN Co-Constructing

“What Should Be”

Positive Topic

Increase your team’s other / self ratio!

• Corporate volunteering programs

• Meet your customers / suppliers / other stakeholders

• Appreciative Inquiry: www.appreciativeinquiry.case.edu

Exercise Pick a TV show Count events and calculate ratios

• Positive / Negative • Inquiry / Advocacy • Other / Self

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Love, Support, Nurturance

Social Support Who do I turn to . . .

For close friendship To share problems with To play with For expert advice To energize me When I am hurting For acceptance and approval To help me discover and try new things For professional contacts As teachers, mentors, helpers For good social times When I want to be with someone who knows me well

Winners

Reframe

Up until now

Success Charts First Third

Middle Third

Recent Third

Future

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Imagine . . .

FEAR Fantasized Evidence Appearing Real

…but what if we could FLY?

Stress and the Common Cold

Sheldon Cohen, Carnegie‐Mellon

Who gets sick? How sick to they get?

Mind‐Body Pioneers

Jon Kabat‐Zinn, PhD Mindfulness Stress Reduction

Lydia Temoshok, PhD Type‐C Personality Style Price of Being Nice

Herbert Benson, MD The Relaxation Response

Winnie‐the‐Pooh on Success

• Select a Dream • Use your dreams to set a Goal • Create a Plan • Consider Resources • Enhance Skills and Abilities • Spend time Wisely • Start! Get Organized and Go

Allen & Allen, 1997

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