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PSC 370 American Judicial Politics Justice Tom Clark

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Thomas Campbell Clark or Tom C. Clark Born

• September 23, 1899 • Dallas, TX

Father

• William H. Clark • Lawyer • Youngest Elected President of Texas Bar Association

Military Service

• Volunteered for Army Infantry in World War I, but denied because of low weight • Served in Texas National Guard

Education

• Attended University of Texas at Austin for B.A. and J.D. Private Practice

• Joined his family’s law practice • Corporate law • Lobbyist for Texas Petroleum Council

Public Office

• Civil District Attorney for Dallas, TX Justice Department

• Special Assistant to Attorney General o Antitrust Division

§ Price fixing in lumber industry o Assisted in Japanese Internment Policy on West Coast

§ Interacted with Earl Warren • Chief of Antitrust Division • Chief of Criminal Division • Assisted Truman’s Senate Committee to investigate war profiteering and fraud • Attorney General under President Truman

o Personally argued government’s antitrust cases at SCOTUS o Strong supporter of federal civil rights protections for black Americans o Investigated subservice groups (communists)

Supreme Court Nomination

• Appointed August 19, 1949 by Harry S. Truman • Sworn in August 24, 1949

PSC 370 American Judicial Politics Justice Tom Clark

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Hypotheses for Justice Tom Clark’s Judicial Behavior Theory: a general statement about how the world works that specifies a causal mechanism Hypothesis: derived from theory; makes a specific prediction that can be empirically tested Characteristics of a good hypothesis:

• Theoretically grounded and based on literature • Specifies the relationship between two (or more) variables

o Predicts one (or more) causal factors will produce a single effect • Makes a testable comparison using empirical data

Examples of good hypotheses for Justice Clark:

• Justice Clark will vote more conservatively in cases involving unions • Justice Clark will vote more liberally in cases involving economic activity • Justice Clark will vote more conservatively in cases involving the rights of individuals

and groups involved in subversive activities • Justice Clark will vote more liberally in cases involving race and civil rights • Justice Clark will be more likely to join cases written by Chief Justice Warren

Connecting hypotheses and data:

• Unions o issueArea == 7

• Economic Activity o issueArea == 8

• Individual/Group Subversive Activities o issue == 20080; 30010-30130; 30150

• Race and Civil Rights o issue == 20010-20060

• Warren as Opinion Writer o majOpinWriter == 90