Order 1171565: Read Instructions
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2.ChicagoAuthorDateReferencingStyle
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This guide is updated regularly and was last updated in March 2018. Please check to ensure that you are using the most up to date version.
This brief guide is primarily for students writing assignments at Curtin University. If you are publishing using the Chicago Author-Date 17th ed. style, please consult the Chicago Manual of Style:
The Chicago Manual of Style. 2017. 17th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Guide Contents: Referencing Rules Components of a Citation Reproducing Tables and Figures (including images and photographs) In-text Citations and Author Variations No author Single author Two authors Three authors Four or more authors Organisation as author Multiple authors for the same information Multiple works - same author, different year Multiple works - same author, same year Different authors same family name Authors citing other authors Journal and News Articles Journal article Journal article – in press Journal article – supplement Newspaper/magazine article Press release
Page
2 4 5 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12
Books Book eBook Chapter in an edited book Edited book Conference paper Thesis Book review Dictionary or Encyclopedia Internet & Social Media Webpage Webpage – No author Webpage – No date Entire website Report – nongovernment author Blog post YouTube video Lecture Podcast Facebook Twitter Instagram
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Government Sources Government Report Australian Bureau of Statistics Act of Parliament Case Creative Works DVDs and Films Music Television and radio programs Other Sources Standard Brochure, fact sheet or pamphlet Personal communication Unpublished interview Dataset Speech Company Information Annual report Dataset created using a company database Company & Industry Reports/Profiles
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CURTIN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
CHICAGO 17TH B (Author-Date) REFERENCING Last updated Feb 2018
It is important that you check the assignment guide of your department or school as some details, such as punctuation, may vary from guidelines provided in this guide. You may be penalised for not conforming to your School’s requirements. All referencing queries should be addressed to the appropriate lecturer or supervisor.
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Referencing Rules 1. Collecting Bibliographic Details
Note down the full bibliographic details of the source from which the information is taken, including the page number(s). This information is the basis of a citation or reference. In the case of a book, ‘bibliographical details’ refer to: author/editor, year of publication, title, edition, volume number, place of publication and publisher as found on the front and back of the title page. (Not all of these details will necessarily be applicable). In the case of a journal article, the details required include: author of the article, year of publication, title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number of the journal, and page numbers. For all electronic information, in addition to the above details you should also include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if one exists. If a DOI does not exist, then include the web address (URL) of the database you found the article in. For more details see What is a DOI? 2. In-Text Citations
A citation inserted at the appropriate place within the text of the document is called an in-text citation. This usually takes the form of the family name of the author, followed by the year of publication, e.g. (Jones 2015), thus the Author-Date name of this reference style. Whether you are citing information from a book, journal, website, report or even a Facebook post, in print or online, the components of the in-text citation remain the same. The “author” part of the reference can be the family name of the author, or the editor. It can also be the name of a report, a company name or a government department if the details of the authors are not provided. Basically, it is whatever information you have about the creator of the resource. Different ways of referencing Quoting: Quoting in your work is where you use the exact wording of the original text. You must enclose this text in “quotation marks” and include the authors name, the year of publication and the page number.
Quoting In-Text citation Example: Martelle (2014, para. 1) proposes that “compared to my blockheaded dog, my cat is a ninja, who’s not only quick but also extremely intelligent.”
OR
“Compared to my blockheaded dog, my cat is a ninja, who’s not only quick, but also extremely intelligent” (Martelle 2014, para. 1).
If you’re including a long quotation in your work, known as a block quotation, begin the quote on a new line and differentiate it from surrounding text by indenting from the left margin. Though you are quoting, block quotations are not enclosed within quotation marks, but your in-text reference will include the author’s name, year and page number for that quote.
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Summarising or Paraphrasing: Summarising or paraphrasing is where you take ideas created by others, but put those ideas into your own words. You might paraphrase a sentence, or summarise a chapter, retaining the meaning of the original work, but explaining it in your own way. It’s an essential skill when writing and demonstrates to your reader that you have a thorough understanding of your subject. Your reference will include the authors name and the year of publication (and if your lecturer requires, a page number). It is not necessary to include the page number when paraphrasing or referring to an idea from another source which is a book or lengthy text. However, some schools require that you supply a page number when paraphrasing, so check with your lecturer for their expectations.
Summarising or Paraphrasing In-text Citation Example: Martelle (2014) suggests that cats are not only smarter than dogs, but also faster.
OR Cats can be considered both smarter and faster than dogs (Martelle 2014). 3. Reference List
A reference list includes books, journal articles etc. that you have cited in the text of your assignment. A bibliography, in addition to listing cited sources, also includes sources that you have consulted during your research.
The reference list must appear at the end of your work on a separate page • The reference list is arranged alphabetically by author • Where an item has no author it is cited and listed by its title • The second and subsequent lines of the reference must be indented. 4. Some tips! Keep in mind when referencing:
• Chicago Referencing uses headline-style capitalization for titles. Each significant word in a title should be capitalized.
• Only the first author’s name is presented in reverse order where the surname is provided first, all other names are presented in natural order.
What is a DOI?
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI®) System is used to uniquely identify objects in the digital environment, for example a journal article, ebook, or data set. The online environment is inherently unstable, and information about a digital object, including its location, may change over time. The DOI name will not change, thus the DOI provides a persistent link to the object. This DOI pinpoints a specific article among all those published electronically, by all publishers. An example of a DOI is: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.014. For your Reference List entry you should turn the DOI into a link you can look up on the internet by adding the prefix http://doi.org/ to the DOI number. This is called a resolved DOI. An example is: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.014
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Components of a Citation A reference or citation consists of elements that allow the reader to trace the original book, article or website you have consulted and cited. Book:
Journal article:
Web page:
Audio visual resource:
Taylor, Stephanie. 2013. What is Discourse Analysis? London: Bloomsbury.
Author Year
Place of publication Publisher
Book title
Barnett, Jon, and W. Neil Adger. 2007. “Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict.” Political Geography 26 (6): 639-655. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.poljeo.2007.03.003.
Authors Year Title of the journal article
Journal title Volume number
(Issue number) Article pages numbers
DOI of article - if DOI not provided, use a URL.
CSIRO. 2015. “Strengthening Australia’s Resilience to Climate Change.” Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. http://www.csiro.au/en/Research/OandA/Areas/Assessing-our-climate/Climate- adaptation-research.
Author Year Title
URL of the web page
Rowling, Joanne. K. and Chris Columbus. 2001. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. DVD. Directed by Chris Columbus. Neutral Bay, NSW: Warner Bros. Entertainment Australia.
Creator – Any person primarily responsible for the resource Year Title
Format Director Place of publication Publisher
Owning Organisation
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Reproducing Tables and Figures (including images and photographs)
Follow these guidelines when you want to reproduce a table, figure or image in your assignment (either copying it directly from your source, or adapting data which has been presented):
Tables Tables are numerical values or text displayed in rows and columns. For tables:
• Place a table number and title above the table. • Place a caption below the table, preceded by the word Source or Sources (in italics). Your citation should
inform your reader whether you have adapted or reproduced the table from your original source and the page number where you found the table or data.
• Provide a reference to the source of the table (where you found it) in your reference list.
Caption for a table:
Table 1: Correlation values between rainfall station and five climate variables
Source: Table reproduced from Tukimat and Harun (2015, 654).
Reference list entry for a table:
The reference list entry follows the format of the particular reference type for where you found your table. The table above was sourced from a journal article, so we would follow the format for a journal article reference:
Tukimat, Nurul and Sobri Harun. 2015. “Climate Change Impact on Rainfall and Temperature in Muda Irrigation Area Using Multicorrelation Matrix and Downscaling Method.” Journal of Water and Climate Change 6 (3): 647- 660. http://jwcc.iwaponline.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/content/ppiwajwacc/6/3/647.full.pdf.
Figures Figures are any type of illustration (chart, graph, photograph, drawing, map ...) other than a table. For figures:
• Place a figure number and title below the table. • Place a caption below the table, preceded by the word Source or Sources (in italics). • Provide a reference to the source of the table (where you found it) in your reference list.
Caption for a figure (e.g. graph):
Figure 1: Simulated and projected (years 2040-2069) temperature trend at Alor Setar meteorological station Source: Figure reproduced from Tukimat and Harun (2015, 653).
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Reference list entry for a figure (e.g. graph):
The figure above was sourced from a journal article, so we would follow the format for a journal article reference:
Tukimat, Nurul and Sobri Harun. 2015. “Climate Change Impact on Rainfall and Temperature in Muda Irrigation Area Using Multicorrelation Matrix and Downscaling Method.” Journal of Water and Climate Change 6 (3): 647- 660. http://jwcc.iwaponline.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/content/ppiwajwacc/6/3/647.full.pdf.
Reproducing Photographs and other Images For photographs and images you need to provide more information than for other types of figures. For photographs and other images you must provide full reference details below the picture in the form of a caption. A reference to the source of that image (where you found it) is also provided in your reference list. Caption for a photograph or other image:
Let’s look at captions first, using the image below as a guide. What information is required?
Figure 2: Jim Bendon, Galah 2. 2014, Digital Image. Reproduced from: Flickr.
Your image caption will always appear directly beneath the picture, with the formatting matching that which is shown above.
Reference list entry for a photograph or other image:
Your reference list entry will follow the format of the particular reference type for where you found your image.
The image above was sourced from a webpage, so when creating a reference list entry we would follow the format for a webpage reference:
Bendon, Jim. 2014. “Galah 2.” Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/jim_bendon_1957/15262998101.
Figure Number Image Creator Image Title Year Medium Reproduced from: Source
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Some images that you find online may not provide title information, so for your caption you will need to create a short descriptive title. This title should be enclosed in square brackets so as your reader can easily recognise that it is not an official title.
Figure 3: Conordesign, [A Sleepy Cat]. 2017, Digital Image. Reproduced from: Pixabay.
Reference List entry for an image with no title (retrieved from a webpage): Conordesign. 2017. “[A Sleepy Cat].” Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/en/cat-cat-face-sleep-exhausted-1551783/. Reproducing Works of Art For works of art you need to include even more information in the caption than for other types of photographs and images. For a work of art, it is customary to include the following:
• Name of the creator or artist; • Title of the work (in italics); • Year the work was created; • Medium (oil on canvas, sculpture, pencil drawing etc.); • Dimensions (if available); and, • Details of where it is housed.
Figure 4: Jonas Wood, Matisse Pot 1. 2014, Gouache and coloured pencil on paper, 43.2 × 50.8 cm. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY. Reproduced from MoMA website. Reference List entry for a work of art (retrieved from a webpage): MoMA (The Museum of Modern Art). 2017. “Jonas Wood, Matisse Pot 1.” MoMA.
https://www.moma.org/collection/works/199257?locale=en&sov_referrer=collection&with_images=true
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In-text citations and author variations No author In-text citation (Regional perspectives on aid for trade 2014) OR The book Regional perspectives on aid for trade (2014) ... (Why do we need to span 2006) OR In the article Why do we need to span (2006) … Reference list Regional Perspectives on Aid for Trade. 2014. Paris, FR: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. “Why do we Need to Span the Range from Molecular-Level to Whole Ecosystem Scale Studies in Environmental Research?” 2006. Aquatic Sciences 68 (1): 2. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0012-9 Use the title in place of the author in the in-text and in the reference list. For the in-text citation the title should always appear in italics. Shorten the title in the in-text citation if it is too long.
Single author In-text citation (Fleer 2015, 3) OR Fleer (2015, 5) claimed that… Reference list Fleer, Marilyn. 2015. Science for Children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Include a page number in your in-text citation if you are quoting. Two authors In-text citation (Samson and Gloet 2016) OR Samson and Gloet (2016) found that... Reference list Samson, Danny, and Marianne Gloet. 2016. Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Creating New Value. South
Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press. List both authors in every in-text citation. In the reference list put the family name first for the first author ONLY. Spell ‘and’ if it forms part of the text in the in-text citation.
Three authors In-text citation (Sweeney, Bender and Courmadias 2015, 17) OR Sweeney, Bender and Courmadias (2017, 17) suggest that…. Reference list Sweeney, Brendan J., Mark Bender, and Nadine Courmadias. 2015. Marketing and the Law. 5th ed.
Chatswood, NSW: LexisNexis Butterworths. In the reference list put the family name first for the first author ONLY. Include a page number in your in-text citation if you are quoting.
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Four or more authors In-text citation (Shields et al. 2016, 5) OR Shields et al. (2016, 5) found that… Reference list Shields, John, Michelle Brown, Sarah Kaine, Catherine Dolle-Samuel, Andrea North-Samardzic, Peter
McLean, Robyn Johns, and Patrick O’Leary. 2016. Managing Employee Performance and Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. 2nd ed. Port Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge University Press.
In the in-text citation include only the first author’s name, followed by et al. (meaning ‘and others’). In the reference list put the family name first for the first author ONLY. In the reference list for more than 10 authors, list the first 7 authors, then add ‘et al.’. Include a page number in your in-text citation if you are quoting.
Organisation as author In-text citation (AIHW 2016) OR AIHW (2016) reports that… Reference list AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare). 2016. Adoptions Australia 2015-16. Canberra, ACT: AIHW. http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129558075 Publications are often issued by organisations with no personal author’s name provided. In this instance,
the organisation stands in as the author in your in-text citation. Organisations may be identified by an abbreviation in your in-text citation, if appropriate. In your reference list, list them alphabetically by that abbreviation, with the full name given in parentheses.
Multiple authors for the same information In-text citation Curtin is a leading Australian university with domestic and international campuses. It is named after John Curtin, the 14th prime minister of Australia (Adams 2013; Black and Smith 2012; Hayward 2014) Reference list Include all authors in the reference list as per other examples
If two or more authors are cited at the same point in the text then they are included in the same in-text
citation, separated by a semicolon, e.g. (Brown 2014; Smith 2003). Their names can be presented alphabetically by author, chronologically by date of publication, or by importance – which ever best supports your work and the reader’s understanding.
Multiple works - same author, different year In-text citation (Bull 2013) OR According to Bull (2015)... Reference list Bull, Melissa. 2013. Governing the Heroin Trade: From Treaties to Treatment. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
http://CURTIN.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=438571
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Bull, Melissa. 2015. Punishment and Sentencing: Risk, Rehabilitation and Restitution. South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press. http://CURTIN.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1985919
Order chronologically in the reference list.
Multiple works - same author, same year In-text citation (Abraham 2014a) OR Abraham (2014b) proposes… Reference list Abraham, Akampurira. 2014a. Performance Appraisal. Hamburg, Germany: Diplomica Verlag.
http://CURTIN.ebib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1640286. Abraham, Akampurira. 2014b. Project Planning and Management: An Aspect of Development. Hamburg,
Germany: Diplomica Verlag. http://CURTIN.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1640322. Use a, b, c to differentiate between works by the same author in the same year. Order alphabetically by title in the reference list.
Different authors same family name In-text citation (R. Smith 2016). (A. Smith 2016). Reference list Smith, Andrew. 2016. Events in the City: Using Public Spaces as Event Venues. London: Routledge.
http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315765129. Smith, Robert B. 2016. Social Structure and Voting in the United States. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
http://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7485-7. Use two initials or a given name if the initials are also the same.
Authors citing other authors In-text citation Direct quote: There is a significant gender pay difference in Australia with some suggesting that there is a “million dollar penalty” for being a woman (Summers 2013, quoted in Chang et al. 2014, 2). Reference list Chang, Joshua, Julia Connell, John Burgess, and Tony Travaglione. 2014. “Gender Wage Gaps in Australian
Workplaces: Are Policy Responses Working?” Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 33 (8): 764-775.
In your in-text citation use the original author’s name and date first, add ‘quoted in’ to indicate the
secondary source. In your reference list, provide a reference for the source you read (secondary source).
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Journal and News Articles In-Text Example Reference List Example Journal article
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Burns 2015)
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. “Article Title.” Journal Title Volume Number (Issue Number): Page
Range. DOI or URL. Example: Burns, Timothy. 2015. “Philosophy and Poetry: A New Look at an Old Quarrel.” The American Political
Science Review 109 (2): 326-338. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055415000076. Style Notes:
• Journal articles found online should contain a URL or DOI to help the reader locate the item, whereas articles found in a print (hardcopy) journal don’t. Otherwise, the reference follows the same format for both print and online articles.
Journal article – in press
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Napoli, Dickinson-Delaporte and Beverland 2016)
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. “Article Title.” Journal Title (forthcoming). DOI or URL. Example: Napoli, Julie, Sonia Dickinson-Delaporte, and Michael B. Beverland. 2016. “The Brand Authenticity
Continuum: Strategic Approaches for Building Value.” Journal of Marketing Management (forthcoming). http://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2016.1145722.
Style Notes:
• Use this format for articles published online first.
Journal article – published in a supplement
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Lock 2005)
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. “Article Title.” Journal Title Volume Number (Supplement
Number): Page Range. DOI or URL. Examples: Lock, Margaret. 2005. “Eclipse of the Gene and the Return of Divination.” Current Anthropology 46 (suppl.
5): S47–S70. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/432452 Style Notes:
• Replace issue number with supplement letter or number e.g. suppl. 5.
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Newspaper or magazine article
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Haberman and Baker 2017) (“Fairtytales Exist” 2015)
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. “Title of Article.” Newspaper/Magazine Title, Date of Issue. URL. Example: Haberman, Maggie, and Peter Baker. 2017. “In Call with Times Reporter, Trump Projects Air of Calm over
Charges.” New York Times, November 1, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/01/us/politics/trump-russia-charges.html.
“Fairytales Exist: Migrants Get a Football Team of Their Own.” 2015. Weekend Edition Saturday, May 9,
2015. http://search.proquest.com.docview?1679726805?accountid=10382. Style Notes:
• If the article has no author, use a shortened title for the in-text citation e.g. (“Fairtytales Exist” 2015).
• Newspaper, feature or magazine articles found online should include a DOI or URL as part of the reference. Otherwise the reference follows the same format for both print and online articles.
Press release
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Birmingham 2017)
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. "Title of Release." Release type, Month Day, Year of release. URL. Example: Birmingham, Simon. 2017. "Tens of Thousands of Preschooler to Learn a Language in 2017." Media release,
January 9, 2017. http://ministers.education.gov.au/birmingham/tens-thousands-preschoolers-learn-language-2017.
Books In-Text Example Reference List Example Book
Components: (Author Year) Examples: (Fleer 2015)
(Doyle, MacGregor and McEachem 2015)
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. Book Title. Place of Publication: Publisher. Examples: Fleer, Marilyn. 2015. Science for Children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Doyle, Timothy, Sherilyn MacGregor, and Doug McEachern. 2015. Environment and Politics. 4th ed. Abingdon, England: Routledge.
Style Notes:
• An edition number is placed after the title of the work - this is not necessary for a first edition.
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eBook Components: (Author Year) Example: (Abraham 2014) (Hooks 2017)
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. Book Title. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL or DOI. Example: Abraham, Akampurira. 2014. Project Planning and Management: An Aspect of Development. Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag. http://CURTIN.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1640322. Hooks, Ed. 2017. Acting for Animators. 4th ed. Abingdon, England: Taylor and Francis.
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/detail.action?docID=4845396. Style Notes:
• An eBook should contain a URL or DOI to help locate the item online. Otherwise, the reference follows the same format for both print and online books.
• An edition number is placed after the title of the work - this is not necessary for a first edition.
Chapter in an edited book
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Pertermann 2015) (McRobbie 2014)
Components: Chapter Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. “Title of Chapter.” In Title of Book, Editor(s) names, ed.,
chapter page range. Place of Publication: Publisher. DOI or URL. Example: Petermann, Emily. 2015. “Monster Mash-ups: Features of the Horror Musical.” In New Directions in 21st
Century Gothic: The Gothic Compass, Lorna Piatti-Farnell and Donna Brien, eds., 71-83. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis.
McRobbie, Angela. 2007. “Post-feminism and Popular Culture: Bridget Jones and the New Gender Regime.”
In Interrogating Post-feminism: Gender and the Political of Popular Culture, Yvonne Tasker and Diane Negra, eds., 27-39. North Carolina: Duke University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/reader.action?ppg=2&docID=170497&tm=1509516035 384.
Style Notes:
• An eBook should contain a URL or DOI to help locate the item online. Otherwise, the reference follows the same format for both print and online books.
• Use this format for authored articles in Dictionaries and Encyclopedias.
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Edited book Components: (Editor Year) Example: (Frame 2015)
Components: Editor’s Family Name, First Name., ed. Year. Book Title. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL or DOI. Example: Frame, Thomas R., ed. 2015. Moral Injury: Unseen Wounds in an Age of Barbarism. Sydney, NSW: UNSW Press. Style Notes:
• If the book is electronic include a URL or DOI to help locate the item online.
Conference paper
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Loughnane 2014)
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. “Title of Paper.” Paper presented at Name of Conference, City,
Country, Date. URL or DOI. Example: Loughnane, Lawrence. 2014. “Innovation and Strategy: Linking Management Practices to Achieve Superior
Performance.” Paper presented at the European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Belfast, Ireland, September 18-19, 2014. http://search.proquest.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/docview/1674838588?accountid=10382.
Style Notes:
• On the publication, you may not be given details such as the dates or location of the conference. You can easily discover this information by searching for the Conference Name on Google.
• A Conference paper included in published proceedings is treated like a chapter from a book. If the paper is published in a journal, it is treated as a journal article.
Thesis Components:
(Author Year) Example: (Ling 2015)
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. “Title.” PhD diss or Master’s thesis. University Name. DOI or URL. Example: Ling, Justin. 2015. “Lords and Ladies of the Modern Age.” Master’s thesis. Mills College.
http://search.proquest.com/dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/docview/1676462563?accountid-10382. Style Notes: • For a Doctorate, use PhD diss. following the title.
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Book review Components: (Author Year) Example: (Gerry 2015)
Components: Reviewer’s Family Name, First Name. Year. Review of Book Title, by Author or Editor’s (of the book’s) Name.
Journal Title Volume Number (Issue Number): Page Range. DOI or URL. Example: Gerry, Michelle. 2015. Review of More Library Mashups: Exploring New Ways to Deliver Library Data,
edited by Nicole C. Engard. Technical Services Quarterly 32 (3): 364-366. http://doi.org/10.1080/07317131.2015.1032111.
Dictionary or Encyclopaedia
For authored articles in Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias follow the format for Chapter in an edited book. Style Notes: If you include a definition from a dictionary, or information from an encyclopaedia that does not include author information, it is not included in your reference list: IN-TEXT, such a citation might read as follows: Webster’s Dictionary defines kerfuffle as a disturbance or fuss, noting that it’s chiefly used by the British (Merriam-Webster 2016, accessed June 9, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kerfuffle)
Internet and Social Media In-Text Example Reference List Example Webpage Components:
(Author Year) Example: (Department of Education and Training 2016)
Components: Author. Year. “Title of Page.” Owning Organisation/Sponsor. URL. Example: Department of Education and Training. 2016. “Improving Australian and European Mobility.” Australian
Government. https://www.education.gov.au/news/improving-australian-and-european-mobility. Style Notes:
• To shorten your in-text citations for the example above, you might refer to the Department as DET (however, remember to use its full name the first time its mentioned, followed by the abbreviation to avoid confusing your reader). If you do this, remember to start your reference list entry with the abbreviation.
• Include a publication date or date of revision or modification. • The title or description of a page should be placed in quote marks. Include the owner or sponsor of
the site after the name of the page.
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Webpage – No author Components: (Title Year) Example: (Eye Pop 2015, para. 2). If you’re quoting, remember to include a page number! If a page number is not available, use the paragraph number instead.
Components: ”Title of page.” Year. Owning Organisation/Sponsor. URL. Example: “Eye Pop: The Celebrity Gaze.” 2015. National Portrait Gallery.
http://npg.si.edu/exhibition/eye-pop-celebrity-gaze. Style Notes:
• Commonly, webpages won’t have specific authors. In this case the title, which we ordinarily get from the top of the page, is not italicised and quote marks are used.
• Where the date of publication is given access dates are not required. • Where there is no author and the title of the resource is long, shorten the title, but ensure that the
item can be identified with its corresponding entry in the reference list
Webpage – No date Components: (Author, n.d.) Example: (Metropolitan Redevelopment Authority, n.d.) n.d. is preceded by a comma in the in-text citation.
Components: Author. n.d. “Title of Page.” Owning Organisation/Sponsor. Access date. URL. Example: Metropolitan Redevelopment Authority. n.d. “Elizabeth Quay.” Government of Western Australia. Accessed
March 8, 2016. http://www.mra.wa.gov.au/projects-and-places/elizabeth-quay. Style Notes:
• When there is no date give an access date and use n.d. in place of the year of publication.
Entire website
Components: (Owning Organisation year) Example: (Government of Western Australia, n.d.) n.d. is preceded by a comma in the in-text citation.
Components: Owning Organisation. Year. Title of website (website). URL. Example: Government or Western Australia. n.d. Perth Zoo (website). Accessed March 20, 2017.
http://perthzoo.wa.gov.au. Style Notes: • If citing a website with no date, give an access date before the URL and use n.d. in place of the year of
publication.
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Report – nongovernment author
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Nowell et al. 2016)
Components: Authors Family Name, First Name or Organisation Name. Year. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL. Example: Nowell, Kirstin, Juan Li, Mikhail Paltsyn, and Rishi Kumar Sharma. 2016. An Ounce of Prevention: Snow
Leopard Crime Revisited. Cambridge: Traffic. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/Traf-145.pdf.
Style Notes:
• Reports are treated like books, however if you cannot locate certain elements, like the place of publication you can omit them from your reference.
Blog post Components: (Author Year) Example: (Huberman 2016)
Components: Poster’s Family Name, First Name. Year. “Title of Blog Post,” Title of Blog, Month Day, Year, URL. Example: Huberman, Ben. 2016. “Live from Paris: David Lebovitz on Food, France, and Writing,” Discover (blog),
March 3, 2016. https://discover.wordpress.com/2016/03/03/david-lebovitz-food-france-writing/. Style Notes:
• Include full URL. • Use (blog) if the title of the blog does not contain the word ‘Blog’.
Video on the Internet (e.g. YouTube video)
Components: (Author Year) Example: (OfficialPsy 2012, 03:27) If you wish to quote from a video, use the format HH:MM:SS as a pinpoint, preceded by a comma.
Components: Poster’s Family Name, First Name. Year. Title of video. YouTube video, Running length time. URL. Example: OfficialPsy. 2012. Gangnam Style. YouTube video, 4:12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0. Style Notes: • Include full URL and the indication length (the total time of the video). • Use the person who posted the video as the author.
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Lecture Components: (Author Year) Example: (Bloom 2016).
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. “Title of Lecture.” Format. URL. Example: Bloom, Paul. 2016. “Lecture 2 – Foundations: This Is Your Brain.” PowerPoint lecture notes.
http://oyc.yale.edu/sites/default/files/class02_0.pdf. Style Notes:
• Following the title, include the format as show with “PowerPoint lecture notes” above.
Podcast Components: (Author year) Example: (Winch 2018)
Components: Family Name, First Name. Year. “Title of Podcast.” Format. Website. Date of broadcast. URL. Example: Winch, Guy. 2018. “How to Fix a Broken Heart.” Podcast audio. TED Talks Daily, February 5, 2018.
https://player.fm/series/tedtalks-audio/how-to-fix-a-broken-heart-guy-winch. Style Notes:
• The “who” can be a producer, writer or speaker.
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Obama 2018)
Components: Authors Family Name, First Name. Year. “First sentence of the post.” Facebook, Date. URL. Example: Obama, Barack. 2018. “During my presidency, I started a tradition of sharing my reading lists and play lists.”
Facebook, January 1, 2018. https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/posts/10155532677446749. Style Notes:
• Follow the style of capitalisation used in the post, rather than the headline-style capitalisation required for titles in other reference types.
• Repeat the year with the month and day in the reference list to avoid any confusion.
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Twitter Components: (Author Year) Example: (O’Brien 2015)
Components: Authors Family Name, First Name (Screen Name). Year. “Text of the tweet.” Twitter, Date, Time. URL. Example: O’Brien, Conan (@ConanOBrien). 2015. “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my tweets.” Twitter, April 22,
2015, 11:10 a.m. https://twitter.com/ConanOBrien/status/590940792967016448. Style Notes:
• Follow the style of capitalisation used in the post, rather than the headline-style capitalisation required for titles in other reference types.
• Repeat the year with the month and day in the reference list to avoid any confusion. Instagram
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Souza 2018)
Components: Authors Family Name, First Name (Screen Name). Year. “First sentence of the post.” Instagram photo, Date. URL. Example: Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2018. “A loving touch.” Instagram photo, February 8, 2018.
https://www.instagram.com/p/Be8MsHcl8DP/. Style Notes:
• Follow the style of capitalisation used in the post, rather than the headline-style capitalisation required for titles in other reference types.
• Repeat the year with the month and day in the reference list to avoid any confusion. Government sources In-Text Example Reference List Example Government Report Components:
(Author Year) Example: (CSIRO 2016)
Components: Authors Family Name, First Name or Organisation Name. Year. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL. Example: CSIRO. 2016. Australia 2030: Navigating our Uncertain Future. Canberra, ACT: CSIRO.
http://www.csiro.au/en/Do-business/Futures/Reports/Australia-2030. Style Notes:
• Sometimes and author(s) name may be provided, if so use this in place of the department’s name. • If you cannot easily locate a place of publication or publisher on an online report you can leave this
element out of your reference.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Components: (ABS Year) Example: (ABS 2014)
Components: ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). Year. Title of Report. Cat. No. ____. Place of Publication, Publisher.
URL. Example: ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 2014. Australian Labour Market Statistics. Cat. No. 6105.0. Canberra,
ACT: ABS. http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/6105.0Main+Features1July%202014?OpenDocu ment.
Style Notes: • Use initials if the organisation is better known by its initials. List name in initials in the reference list, but
put full name in brackets.
Act of Parliament Components: (Act Year) Example: Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) s. 40 states that…. Put the tile of the Act in italics.
Components: Short Title Date (Jurisdiction), URL Example: Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca1968133/. Style Notes:
• If Acts of Parliament appear in your reference list, set them apart from the main body of the reference list under the subheading 'Legislation'.
Case Components: Case name (year) Example: In British American Tobacco Australia Ltd v Department of Ageing (2011) the court ruled that…
Components: Case Name (Year) Volume Law Report Abbreviation Starting Page or Pinpoint. URL. Example: British American Tobacco Australia Ltd v Department of Health and Ageing (2011) 281 ALR 75. Style Notes:
• If the case is obtained from an electronic database, add a URL as for electronic journal articles. • Cases are only included in the Reference List if they are essential to your reader’s understanding of
your argument. • If you decide to include a case in your reference list, set it apart from the main body of the
reference list under the subheading ‘Legal Authorities’.
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Tables, figures and images In-Text Example Reference List Example For guidelines on referencing tables, figures and images please refer to see this detailed information on
Reproducing Tables, Figures and Images on page 5 of this guide.
Creative works In-Text Example Reference List Example DVDs and Films Components:
(Creator Year) Example: (Gameau and Batzias 2014, 01:11:45) If you wish to quote from a DVD or film, use the format HH:MM:SS as a pinpoint, preceded by a comma.
Components: Creator’s Family Name, First Name. Year. Title. Format. Directed by Director’s Name. Place of Publication:
Publisher. Example: Gameau, Damon and Nick Batzias. 2014. That Sugar Film. DVD. Directed by Damon Gameau. Australia:
Madmen Entertainment.
Music
Components: (Creator Year) Example: (The Wombats 2017)
Components: Creator’s Family Name, First Name or Band Name. Year. Title. Format. Publisher. Example: The Wombats. 2017. Beautiful People Will Ruin Your Life. MP3 Audio. Warner Music Australia.
Television and radio programs – single episode in a series
Components: (Director Year) Example: (Bender 2016, 10:13) If you wish to quote from a TV episode use the format HH:MM:SS as a pinpoint, preceded by a comma.
Components: Director’s Family Name, First Name. Year. “Title of Episode.” Title of Series. Format. Place of Publication:
Publisher. Example: Bender, Jack. 2016. “Episode 6: The Door.” Game of Thrones. Television program. New York, NY: HBO.
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Television and radio programs – series or single program
Components: (Creator Year) Example: (da Mosto 2008) If you wish to quote from a TV program use the format HH:MM:SS as a pinpoint, preceded by a comma.
Components: Creator’s Family Name, First Name. Year. Title of Series. Format. Directed by Director’s Name(s). Place of
Publication: Publisher. Example: da Mosto, Francesco. 2008. Francesco’s Mediterranean Voyage. Television series. Directed by Andrea
Carnevali and Nicola Searle. London: BBC.
Other sources In-Text Example Reference list example Standard Components:
(Author Year) Example: (Standards Australia 2009).
Components: Standard Issuer Name. Year. Standard Title. Publisher (Standard Number). Example: Standards Australia. 2009. Wire-rope Slings: Product Specification. SAIGlobal (AS 1666.1-2009). Style Notes:
• If the standard is in book form, reference it as you would reference a book
Brochure, fact sheet or pamphlet
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Curtin University 2010).
Components: Author. Year. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL or DOI. Example: Curtin University. 2010. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Social Media Guidelines.
Bentley, WA: Curtin University. Style Notes: • If accessed online include a URL or DOI.
Personal communication Example: “There was no basis for the copyright claim” (J. Smith, personal communication February 9, 2016).
Style Notes: • Include the words “personal communication” within your in-text citation. • Reference list entries are unneeded.
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Unpublished interview Examples: (Mary Jones, unpublished interview, May 7, 2017) (Interview with health-care worker, July 31, 2017)
Style notes: • Include the term “interview” within your in-text citation. • Reference list entries are unneeded, though each person cited must be fully identified elsewhere in
the text. • An interview with a person who prefers to remain anonymous may be cited in whatever form is
appropriate in context. The absence of a name should be explained (e.g., “All interviews were conducted in confidence, and the names of interviewees are withheld by mutual agreement”).
Dataset Components: (Author Year) Example: (Irino and Tada 2009)
Components: Author’s Family Name, First Name. Year. Title of Dataset. Dataset. Publisher. DOI. Example: Irino, T., and R. Tada. 2009. Chemical and Mineral Compositions of Sediments from ODP Site 127-797.
Dataset. Geological Institute, University of Tokyo. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.726855. Style Notes:
• Include a permanent URL. Speech Components:
(Author Year) Example: (Obama 2016)
Components: Speech maker’s Family Name, First Name. Year. “Title of Speech.” Website. Date. URL. Example: Obama, Barack. 2016. “Remarks of President Barack Obama – State of the Union Address As Delivered.”
The White House. January 13, 2016. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press- office/2016/01/12/remarks-president-barack-obama-%E2%80%93-prepared-delivery-state-union- address.
Company information In-Text Example Reference list example Annual report Components:
(Author Year) Example: Qantas (2015)…
Components: Organisation Name. Year. Title of Report. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL. Example: Qantas. 2015. A Strong, Sustainable Future: Qantas Annual Report 2015.
https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/2015AnnualReport.pdf Style Notes:
• Sometimes, an author(s) name may be provided. If it is, use this in place of the organisation name. • If you cannot easily locate a place of publication or publisher on an online report, you can leave this
element out of your reference.
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Dataset created using a company database
Components: (Database Year) Example: (Morningstar Datanalysis Premium 2014)
Components: Database Name. Year. Title of dataset. (Accessed Month Date, Year). URL of database. Example: Morningstar Datanalysis Premium. 2014. GICS Industry Metals & Mining: Financial Data. Dataset. (Accessed
October 9th, 2014). http://datanalysis.morningstar.com.au.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au. Style Notes: Use the name of the database used to create the dataset as the author.
Company & Industry Reports created using a company database
Components: (Author Year) Example: (IBISWorld 2016)
Components: Authors First Name. Year. “Title of Report.” Report Series Title. URL. Example (author): Anning, Jem. 2015. “Art Galleries and Museums in Australia.” IBISWorld Industry report.
http://clients1.ibisworld.com.au.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/reports/au/industry/default.aspx?entid=644. Example (no author): IBISWorld. 2016. “Sigma Pharmaceuticals Limited.” IBISWorld Company Report.
http://clients1.ibisworld.com.au.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/reports/au/enterprisepremium/default.aspx?entid= 9965.
Style Notes:
• Use the name of the database used to create the report as the author if author information is not provided.
Company & Industry Profiles from a company database
Components: (Author Year) Example: (Marketline 2013)
Components: Authors Family Name, First Name. Year. “Title of Profile.” Profile Series Title. URL. Example: Marketline. 2013. “Oil and Gas in Australia 0125-2116.” MarketLine Industry Profile. https://orbis-bvdinfo-
com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/version-20141010/List.serv?_CID=356& context=2JOQAIRNSS7VXAE&databaseContext=MarketResearch.
Style Notes:
• Use the name of the company used to create the profile as the author if author information is not provided.
