Need help with English Comp. II

d.dan3142 – Annotated Bibliography – Eng. Comp. II pg. 1

d.dan3142

English Composition II

August 12, 2020

Annotated Bibliography

Martin-Rozumilowicz, B., & Kužel, R. (2020). FPC Briefing: How to Maintain Integrity of Elections during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The Foreign Policy Center. Retrieved August 9, 2020, from https://fpc.org.uk/how-to-maintain-integrity-of-elections-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/

The authors ascertain that pandemics have been existent that affect the quality of democracy and the democratic election's operations among the states. The autocrats use pandemic excuses to declare a state of emergency to lengthen their stay in power, instrumentalizing the crisis for authoritarian. The authors suggest safe online voting and technology use in voting to ensure continued integrity in elections as the COVID-19 pandemic persists. This source is of critical use in my assignment, especially in the introduction. It recognizes all aspects of integrity and unethical practices that authoritarians execute to undermine the integrity of an election while featuring the ongoing crisis.

(Credible Website)

Perera, M. (2020). How the COVID-19 pandemic may affect how we vote. Santa Clara University. https://www.scu.edu/ethics-spotlight/covid-19-ethics-health-and-moving-forward/how-the-covid-19-pandemic-may-affect-how-we-vote/?

The author acknowledges that COVID-19 is significantly changing the social life, and it does to the voting ideas. Perera states voting in person, and physical is election is nearly too impossible, and thus mail voting would depict the best approach. The author establishes the change is hard to impose immediately. Therefore, it is prone to the potential for ballot stealing, election fraud, and coercion to vote in a specific manner. This source is credible and relevant for the research since it depicts the election ethics undermined by the changes in the election process dynamics. It will provide a crucial element to support my points on unethical practices in elections during the Pandemic period.

(Credible Website)

Cooper, J. (2020). To go ahead with the vote or to postpone? Elections in Africa in the time of COVID-19. African Renewal. https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/vote-or-postpone-elections-africa-time-covid-19

The author acknowledges the ongoing COVID-19 crises and suggests whether an election should take place or postponed in the course of the pandemic. He further indicates that the election process should proceed taking precautionary measures referring to the past lessons learned from the Ebola outbreak in D.R. Congo. The author further states that an election process plan should be in place before ensuring preparedness and understanding changes to be made in the process. This source is useful to my research since it addresses a potential threat to democratic practices: election postponement. Additionally, it provides a possible solution to the danger presented. Therefore, it will help me boost the democracy protection argument of the research.

(Magazine)

James, T. S. (2020). New development: Running elections during a pandemic. Public Money & Management, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1783084

The author establishes the challenges for global election delivery during pandemic seasons. He further encourages the government, and other electoral process stakeholders to create a political understanding for the whole process. He suggests for resource sufficiency, risk assessment, and critical changes to mitigate factors like inaction, election unpreparedness, closed decision making, rickety resourcing, and delayed legislation in an election process. This article is useful for the research since it provides an elaborated role for every player to maintain an election's integrity, an aspect that I aim to address based on ethical considerations.

(Peer-Reviewed Article)

Kshetri, N., & Voas, J. (2018). Blockchain-enabled E-voting. IEEE Software, 35(4), 95-99. https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2018.2801546

The author acknowledges election malpractices such as fraud and coercion that result from online voting systems. He thus suggests a Blockchain-enabled E-voting that would mitigate voter fraud and increase voters' accessibility to the system. The BEV utilizes secured, and its implementation would be beneficial transparency and ethical consideration. This article is relevant and useful for my research since it aims to suggest a systematic program that would help mitigate ethical issues arising from election processes in the pandemic period. It is essential to back up my points in election achievement through a secure online system section of the research paper.

(Peer-Reviewed Article)

Porup, J. M. (2018). Online voting is impossible to secure. So why are some governments using it? CSO Online. Retrieved August 9, 2020, from https://www.csoonline.com/article/3269297/online-voting-is-impossible-to-secure-so-why-are-some-governments-using-it.html

The author suggests that the purpose of an election is not just a competition but also a process to promote democracy. Despite its advantage in helping large voters' turnout, online voting is prone to hackers putting democracy at stake. Online voting is fragile and vulnerable to insecurities. The author establishes that online voting is the incumbents' strategy to undermine democracy since it does not disclose its codes for public scrutiny. This source is crucial for the counter-argument section of the research since it provides a contradicting suggestion as to the assignment propose.

(Credible Website)

Yang, X., Yi, X., Nepal, S., Kelarev, A., & Han, F. (2018). A secure verifiable ranked choice online voting system based on homomorphic encryption. IEEE Access, 6, 20506-20519. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2817518

The authors suggest an effective online voting system and stand against the paper-based voting that consumes resources and destroys forests contributing to climate change. Its application has been initiate in some US institutions, India, and Brazil. The authors suggest homomorphic encryption of these systems for improved integrity, security, and ensuring the election's confidentiality for integrity and validity. This source is useful for my research since it provides concrete concluding remarks for justifying the process of obtaining ethical electoral processes and ensuring democracy and integrity in election systems. It contains robust elements for the conclusion section of the research.

(Peer-Reviewed Article)

Reflection Questions:

1. Accurately recording bibliographic information is essential and saves you time, as you can transfer this information to the References page of your drafted essay. Each source entry should include a summary of the source as well as 3-4 sentences describing how you intend to use that source to build or support your argument. Discuss how your annotated bibliography meets these criteria. (2-3 sentences)

My annotated bibliography adheres to all these requirements. I have established a summary of every source and explained its elements I am going to incorporate in various sections of the research paper. It is crucial for the smooth and procedural gathering of information for research paper writing.

2. Which strategies were most helpful for you when searching for credible sources? (2-3 sentences)

In the searching process, I considered when a source was published to acquire current and updated information regarding my research question. Additionally, it used the authors' or publishers' reputation to ensure the reliability of the sources. I believe these aspects have been helpful for acquisition and utilization purposes.

3. What difficulties did you face while searching for credible sources? How did you overcome these difficulties? (2-3 sentences)

In the searching process, I encountered some challenges finding a source that views the ethical and unethical viewpoints concurrently, which could clear the possibility bias my arguments at the end of the assignment. I overcame this difficulty by comparing various sources that hold a single viewpoint and combining their ideas with a single solid argument.