Touchstone 3.2

English Composition II

Sophia Learning

22 July 2023

Annotated Bibliography

Neitzel, R.L.  et al. (2013) ‘A mixed-methods evaluation of health and safety hazards at a scrap metal recycling facility’,  Safety Science, 51(1), pp. 432–440. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2012.08.012.  Comment by Aimon A: Great formatting on this journal!

· In the article "A mixed-methods evaluation of health and safety hazards at a scrap metal recycling facility," the authors discuss the potential safety concerns of working at a scrap metal recycling facility. They highlight that workers may face various hazards, such as "ergonomic hazards, noise, dusts and fumes, and powerful machinery" (page 432, paragraph 5). However, the article doesn't just point out the problems; it also offers solutions to make the workplace safer. According to the authors, "Better characterization of exposures in the scrap metal recycling industry is needed to identify and rank hazards, implement exposure controls and risk management interventions, can ultimately reduce occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities" (page 433, paragraph 2). This article is essential for my counterargument, as it acknowledges the safety concerns related to recycling. It provides valuable information for my rebuttal by suggesting ways to address and improve these concerns. By presenting both sides of the recycling issue, this article strengthens my argument and supports my counter and rebuttal paragraphs. Comment by Aimon A: Great job using this accurate citation to support your writing here!

(Peer-Reviewed Article)

Echeverría, D., Roth, J., Mostafa, M., & Gass, P. (2020). Waste Recycling and Reuse. In Circular Economy Proxy Measures: Indicators on job effects for a closed-loop economy (pp. 7–8). International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep29240.6 Comment by Aimon A: This is a great source, but be sure to list your sources alphabetically!

· The article Waste Recycling and Reuse, written by D. Echeverría, J. Roth, M. Mostafa, and P. Gass highlights the employment implications of recycling and waste management. In the article, they mentioned how “10,000 tons of waste products and materials, one job can be created if incinerated, six jobs if landfilled, 36 jobs if recycled, and up to 296 if refurbished and reused” (page 7 paragraph 5). Giving audience a clear view of how recycling can create job opportunities. They also presented their idea with employment data analysis sector in Europe specifically. "An OECD report prepared for the G7 environment ministers discusses employment implications of green growth on the European waste collection, treatment, and recycling sector. In 2017 it was estimated that the sector employed around 3.5 million people. More than half of the jobs are found in the recycling industry of the EU, around 1.8 million jobs (OECD, 2017). However, employment is projected to continue to grow." (page 7, paragraph 6).This concrete data from an OECD report, indicating that the recycling sector in Europe is a significant source of employment. It strengthens my argument that recycling can significantly benefit the economy by creating new job opportunities. The mention of 1.8 million jobs specifically in the recycling industry demonstrates the substantial workforce that recycling already supports. Additionally, the projection of continued employment growth in the recycling sector further reinforces the potential for even more job creation in this area. This supports the idea that recycling is a viable and sustainable strategy for generating employment opportunities, contributing positively to the overall economy. Another concrete data D. Echeverría, J. Roth, M. Mostafa, and P. Gass. Presented in their article is " by achieving a 70 per cent recycling target, 322,000 direct, 160, 900 indirect and 80,400 induced new jobs could be created. " (page7 paragraph 6). This quote presents a clear estimate of the potential job creation that can result from achieving a specific recycling target. It highlights the substantial number of direct, indirect, and induced jobs that can be created in the recycling and waste management sector, providing a strong economic case for pursuing higher recycling targets. These quotes provide evidence that recycling can indeed promote the economy by creating new job opportunities. It demonstrates how targeted recycling efforts, especially for specific waste streams as mentioned in this article, can lead to job growth. The data and estimates from reports further reinforce the positive economic impact of recycling on employment, making it a viable strategy for sustainable economic development. This article backs up my argument on recycle can help the economy by generating more job opportunities. This will be used in the recycle benefit our economy paragraphs. Comment by Aimon A: Another excellent quote! Comment by Aimon A: Strong fact to include! Comment by Aimon A: Nice job mentioning how this source is useful to your writing!

(Peer-Reviewed Article)

Ferdous, W., Manalo, A., Siddique, R., Mendis, P., Zhuge, Y., Wong, H. S., Lokuge, W., Aravinthan, T., Schubel, P. (2021). Recycling of landfill wastes (tyres, plastics and glass) in construction – A review on global waste generation, performance, application and future opportunities. Resources, Conservation, and Recycling, 174, 105745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105745 B Comment by Aimon A: Be sure to italicize the title of the journals!

· In the peer review article “Recycling of landfill wastes in construction”, written by Wahid Ferdous and his colleagues, presented dangers landfill brings to the air and how recycle can alleviate these problems. The authors of this article are credible sources for my argument on recycling reducing landfill waste because they consist of a team of reputable researchers and professors from various prestigious institutions, specializing in waste management, civil engineering, and materials science, making them well-qualified to discuss the topic. Wahid mentioned how “The world's solid waste is responsible for 5% global carbon emissions and their burning further increases this number. An improved waste management system could reduce global CO2 emissions by up to 15%” ( page 1 paragraph 2). This implies recycling can reduce a substantial amount of waste is being deposited in landfills, giving rise to considerable environmental challenges, as well as adverse effects on human health. This backs up my argument on recycle can decrease landfill, and I will incorporate this source in my reducing landfill waste paragraph.

(Peer-Reviewed Article)

Green, J. A. (2007). Aluminum recycling and processing for energy conservation and sustainability. ASM International.  Comment by Aimon A: Good work using a variety of sources!

· The scholar narrative titled "Aluminum Recycling and Processing - for Energy Conservation and Sustainability" by ASM international is a credible source for my paper because ASM is a reputable publisher composed of material scientists and engineer experts among the industry. They are well known for producing valuable reference materials and technical resources for professionals and researchers. This article I choose specifically focuses on aluminum recycling and processing for energy conservation, which is perfect to backs up my argument that recycling saves energy consumption. In the article, they provided a specific example of how using recycled materials, such as "1 kg of aluminum in a car body, replacing 2 kg of steel in a conventional car body, saves, during the lifetime of the car, approximately 20kg of GHG emissions (in CO2 equivalents)".( Page 109, paragraph 2). This demonstrates the environmental benefits of recycling, as it reduces the need for energy-intensive production processes and, consequently, lowers greenhouse gas emissions associated with manufacturing new materials. I plan to use this source in my body paragraph on environmental benefits of recycling by energy conservation. Comment by Aimon A: This will be useful in your essay!

(Published Book)

The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. (2020, February).  As a matter of fact. CT.gov. https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Reduce-Reuse-Recycle/Municipal-Recycling-Resource-Center/As-A-Matter-of-Fact  Comment by Aimon A: Remember to list your sources alphabetically!

· The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection published pro recycling facts encourage the public to save environment by recycle. “Each ton of recycled paper can save 17 trees, 380 gallons of oil  , three cubic yards of landfill space, 4000 kilowatts of energy, and 7000 gallons of water. This represents a 64% energy savings, a 58% water savings, and 60 pounds less air pollution! “(paragraph 21). This quote backs up my argument that recycling saves energy and helps the environment by providing specific data on the benefits of recycling paper. I can use this to for my argument on recycle benefit the environment by energy conservations.

(Credible Website)

Vasarhelyi, K. (2021, April 15).  The hidden damage of landfills. Environmental Center. https://www.colorado.edu/ecenter/2021/04/15/hidden-damage-landfills  Comment by Aimon A: Great formatting for this website!

· Website source, The Hidden Damage of Landfills, written by Kayla Vasarhelyi is a pro recycling article that talks about the risks of landfills emissions and how the public can avoid it. Kayla is one of the students in Colorado University Environmental Center. This organization has a strong faculty ability to lead students to research and discuss academic knowledge about environmental protection. Their academic experiments and discussions can bring experimental data and discussion topics on the same topic to my thesis. According to Kayla, “A study in New York found that there is a 12% increased risk of congenital malformations in children born to families that lived within a mile of a hazardous waste landfill site” (paragraph 7). This shows that landfill emissions can pose a danger to human body, which demonstrated the threat of landfills. This website source further backs up my argument on how recycle can help, “Every year the amount of waste that avoids the landfill increases due to recycling. Continuing to recycle will keep plastic and other materials out of the biosphere and put them to further use”. (Paragraph 11). These information helps with my thesis and I will utilized them in my body paragraph on reducing landfill waste.

(Credible Website)

West, L. (2019, July 24).  Why you should recycle aluminum. Treehugger. https://www.treehugger.com/the-benefits-of-aluminum-recycling-1204138 

The last website source I referred to is "The Benefits of Aluminum Recycling" by Larry West. This informative article presents compelling comparisons and practical examples that are highly relevant to our daily lives. Not only does it support my argument on the advantages of recycling, but it also effectively persuades my audience by providing clear visualizations of these comparisons. Larry suggests that recycling aluminum conserves energy, as illustrated by the example, "The energy saved by recycling one aluminum can is enough to power a television set for three hours." I plan to incorporate this straightforward and easily understandable statement in my hook to captivate readers' attention.

(Credible Website)

Reflection Questions