data
Vincent666
1Week1IntroductiontoSurveillanceStudies.pptx.pptxIntroduction to
Surveillance Studies
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“The idea that the Internet favors the oppressed rather than the oppressor is marred by what I call cyber-utopianism:”
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“The idea that the Internet favors the oppressed rather than the oppressor is marred by what I call cyber-utopianism:”
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“The idea that the Internet favors the oppressed rather than the oppressor is marred by what I call cyber-utopianism:”
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Defining Surveillance
“The monitoring of behaviour or other identifying information for the purpose of management, influence or protection.”
“Any focused attention to personal details for the purpose of entitlement, influence or control.”
David Lyon
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Surveillance Terminology
Identification (to ID someone):
The practice of reliably linking individuated bodies with enduring entries in a surveillance database.
Dataveillance
“The systemic use of personal data systems in the investigation or monitoring of the actions or communications of one or more persons.”
Roger Clarke
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Surveillance Concerns
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Surveillance Concerns
Invasion of privacy
Threats to liberty and freedom
Control by intimidation
Control by information (dossier management)
Control by force
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Surveillance Benefits?
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Surveillance Benefits?
Deterrent?
Finding answers?
Safety?
Societal organization?
Body cameras
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The Players
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The Players: Government
Keeping records
Deterrents
Safety
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The Players: Government Agencies
Signals Intelligence
CSE (Communications Security Establishment Canada)
NSA (US National Security Agency)
‘Spy’ Agencies
CSIS (Canadian Security Intelligence Service)
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)
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Signals Intelligence
Definition:
Collecting information through the interception of signals sent between individuals, or signals not used for human communication (i.e. machine to machine).
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Canada’s Most Expensive Building?
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Canada’s Most Expensive Building?
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The Players: Other Surveillors
Industry
NGOs
Any institutions with a desire to benefit from increased information/data collection about individuals.
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The Players: Citizens
Do we have a say in our surveillance apparatus?
We pay for it
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Digital Surveillance Strategies
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Early Surveillance Strategies
Dossier review
Telecom taps (even the telegraph)
Taking photographs
Microphones
Physically following people
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Digitally-Mediated Surveillance (Examples)
Online tracking
Geo-tracking (mobile)
Packet inspection (boomerang routing)
Video surveillance
Drones
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CHECK IT OUT! IXmaps.ca
Suspected NSA splitter cities (18)
Can US traffic avoid NSA cities?
| Intra-US traceroutes | IXmaps DB | Percent |
| Total | 1319 | 100% |
| Thru NSA cities | 1312 | 99% |
| Bypass NSA cities | 7 | <1% |
What does this mean for Canadian domestic routing?
Univ of Toronto > OSAP
(across Queens Park, but via the NSA!)
NSA Surveillance
Toronto
New York
Chicago
~25% of Canadian domestic internet traffic
boomerangs through U.S.
Boomerang Routing
Definition:
Internet traffic that originates and terminates in the same country, but transits via another.
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Abbotsford BC > Halifax NS - boomerang Telus > Cogent > DalhousieU (TR1486)
Federal Government Boomerangs
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Provincial Government Boomerangs
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Bank and University Boomerangs
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Constitutional ‘Black Holes’
“The “Fourth Amendment does not apply to nonresident aliens”
“The Charter has no application to a search or seizure undertaken in a foreign territory”
Lisa Austin
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http://ixmaps.ca/transparency.php
Network Sovereignty
Process whereby an entity distinguishes the boundaries of a network.
Exercises a sovereign will or control within those boundaries.
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Data Sovereignty
“retaining Canadian […] data inside the country and also making sure that the folks accessing it are Canadians in Canada or if outside the country, with complete control, and the visibility and auditability of Canadians.”
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The NSA
“data that physically resides in (the U.S.) is absolutely governed by the laws of the U.S. and if their laws override and say anyone should be able to see it […] their laws override ours.”
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Sovereign Healthcare Data
“a hospital is probably the most technology-dense physical building anyone will ever visit.”
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Sovereign Healthcare Data
“How those organizations connect to each other is absolutely a question of sovereignty, especially where medical records of patients are at stake.”
“We’re certainly not proposing doing it over the Wild West of the internet.”
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Network and Data Sovereignty
“It’s up to us to make sure people are well-educated on […] (the benefits) of designing their own networks and their own services with sovereignty in mind.”
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Video Surveillance
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Video Surveillance Installation
Camera
Signage
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Questions When in a Public Space
Am I being watched? by whom?
For what (good?) purposes?
Will help come if I need it?
Am I being recorded?
Who views these records?
What is done with them?
How may I be affected?
What are my rights?
Cameras
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Signs
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Why do signs matter?
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PIPEDA – Principle 8 (Openness)
4.8 Principle 8 — Openness
An organization shall make readily available to individuals specific information about its policies and practices relating to the management of personal information.
PIPEDA – Principle 8 (Openness)
4.8.1
Organizations shall be open about their policies and practices with respect to the management of personal information. Individuals shall be able to acquire information about an organization’s policies and practices without unreasonable effort. This information shall be made available in a form that is generally understandable.
PIPEDA – Principle 8 (Openness)
4.8.2
The information made available shall include
(a) the name or title, and the address, of the person who is accountable for the organization’s policies and practices and to whom complaints or inquiries can be forwarded; …
Guidelines
Q. Should we post signs that there are cameras in operation?
A. Yes. Most privacy laws require the organization conducting video surveillance to post a clear and understandable notice about the use of cameras on its premises to individuals whose images might be captured by them, before these individuals enter the premises. This gives people the option of not entering the premises if they object to the surveillance. Signs should include a contact in case individuals have questions or if they want access to images related to them. (emphasis in original)
Office of the Privacy Commissioner &
B.C and Alberta Commissioners
Guidelines for Overt Video Surveillance in the Private Sector,
March 2008
Health Canada Office of Immigration and Citizenship Office of the Prime Minister Office of the Privacy Commissioner Parliament of Canada
Health Canada
Office of Immigration and Citizenship
Office of the Prime Minister
Office of the Privacy Commissioner
Parliament of Canada
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Health Canada
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Office of Immigration and Citizenship
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Office of the Prime Minister
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Office of the Privacy Commissioner
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Belleville Police Service Information Privacy Commissioner of Ontario Legal Aid Ontario Ministry of Transportation Ontario Courts
Belleville Police Service
Information Privacy Commissioner of Ontario
Legal Aid Ontario
Ministry of Transportation
Ontario Courts
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Belleville Police Service
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Information Privacy Commissioner of Ontario
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Legal Aid Ontario
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Ministry of Transportation
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Ontario Courts
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