history
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180OL.18-13.ppt
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American Portraits: Andrew Johnson
President Andrew Johnson, 1866.
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American Portraits: Andrew Johnson
President Andrew Johnson, 1866.
Benjamin Cawthra, Ph.D.
California State University, Fullerton
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Reconstruction and the 1870s
Timeline: Reconstruction and the 1870s
Aspirations of the Freedpeople
The Failure of Land Reform
Southern White Freedom
The Radical Republican Response
An Unfinished Revolution
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- Timeline: Reconstruction and the 1870s
President Johnson vetoes Civil Rights and Freedmen’s Bureau bills. Congress overrides.
Congress approves Fourteenth Amendment.
Ku Klux Klan formed.
Congress passes Military Reconstruction Act over Johnson’s veto. Also passes Tenure of Office Act.
Former CSA states hold constitutional conventions. Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina readmitted.
President Johnson is impeached; escapes conviction by one vote.
Ulysses S. Grant elected president.
Congress passes Fifteenth Amendment.
Knights of Labor organized.
1871 Tweed Ring scandals in New York City exposed.
1872 Mark Twain’s The Gilded Age published.
Grant reelected president.
1873 Panic of 1873 begins long depression.
1876 Exposure of Whiskey Ring reveals corruption in Republican administration.
Hayes-Tilden election disputed.
Political compromise gives disputed electoral votes to Hayes in exchange for withdrawal of federal troops from South.
Nationwide railroad strike and ensuing violence lead to use of troops to put down strike.
2. Aspirations of Freed People
Winslow Homer, A Visit from the Old Mistress, 1876.
Oil on canvas. Smithsonian American Art Museum.
1. own land
2. women to leave fields
3. migrate to cities
4. restore families
5. education
6. the vote
Black workers in Savannah, 1867.
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3. The Failure of Land Reform
Thomas Nast, Entrance of the 55th Massachusetts (Colored) Regiment into Charleston, South Carolina,
February 21, 1865, 1865.
Pencil, neutral wash, and oil, heightened with white, on board.
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Ex-slaves picking cotton in Georgia, 1867.
Barrow Plantation, 1860 and 1881.
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4. Southern White Freedom
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Thomas Nast, This Is a White Man’s Government,
Harper’s Weekly, Sept. 3, 1868.
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5. The Radical Republican Response
Mathew Brady, House Impeachment Managers, 1868.
Photograph.
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5. The Radical Republican Response
Thomas Nast, The Massacre at New Orleans, from “Grand Caricaturama,” 1867.
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Civil War Amendments
Thirteenth Amendment (1866): ends slavery
Fourteenth Amendment (1868): defines birthright citizenship
Fifteenth Amendment (1870): extends the right to vote to freedmen
Thomas Nast, The Franchise, 1870, Harpers Weekly.
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Winslow Homer, The Cotton Pickers, 1876.
Oil on canvas. Los Angeles County Museum of Art
6. An Unfinished Revolution
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5. Racism as a Limit to Change
Thomas Nast, The Union As It Was, Harper’s Weekly, 1874.
