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American Portraits: Paul Revere
“Out started six officers, seized my bridle, put their pistols to my breast, ordered me to dismount, which I did. One of them, who appeared to have the command there, and much of a gentleman, asked me where I came from; I told him. He asked what time I left. I told him, he seemed surprised, said ‘Sir, may I crave your name?’ I answered ‘My name is Revere.’”
Paul Revere
John Singleton Copley, Paul Revere, ca. 1768-70.
Oil on canvas.
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HIST 180 Survey of American History
Benjamin Cawthra, Ph.D.
California State University, Fullerton
John Singleton Copley, Paul Revere, ca. 1768-70.
Oil on canvas.
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The American Revolution
Timeline of Revolution
Road to Revolution and John Singleton Copley
3. Thomas Paine, Independence, and Revolutionary History
4. The Revolution at Home
5. Redefining Property and Voting Rights
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1. Timeline of Revolution
Stamp Act
Stamp Act Repealed
Townsend Duties
Boston Massacre
Committees of Correspondence
Tea Act, Boston Tea Party
Intolerable Acts; First Continental Congress
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Paine’s Common Sense; Independence declared
Articles of Confederation; American victory at Saratoga
Alliance with France
1781 British surrender at Yorktown
1783 Treaty of Paris
1786 Shays’ Rebellion
2. Road to Revolution and John Singleton Copley
Paul Revere after Henry Pelham, The Bloody Masssacre, 1770. Hand-colored engraving.
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John Singleton Copley, Self-Portrait, 1769. Watercolor on ivory. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
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“Nothing is wanting to perfect you now but a Sight of what has been done by the the great Masters.”
West to Copley, 1766
John Singleton Copley, Henry
Pelham (Boy with a Squirrel), 1764.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
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John Singleton Copley, Samuel Adams, ca. 1772.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
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John Singleton Copley, Governor and Mrs. Thomas Mifflin, 1773.
Oil on canvas.
John Singleton Copley, Self-Portrait, 1784.
Oil on canvas. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.
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John Singleton Copley, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Izard, 1775.
Oil on canvas. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
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3. Thomas Paine, Independence, and Revolutionary History
“O! ye that love mankind . . . stand forth! Every spot of the old world is overrun with oppression. Freedom hath been hunted round the globe. Asia and Africa have long expelled her. Europe regards her as a stranger, and England hath given her warning to depart. O! receive the fugitive, and prepare in time an asylum for mankind!”
Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776)
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“When in the course of human events . . .”
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John Trumbull, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker’s Hill, 17 June 1775, 1786.
Oil on canvas.
John Trumbull, The Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec, 1775, 1786.
Oil on canvas.
John Trumbull, The Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga, 1777, 1821.
Oil on canvas. U.S. Capitol.
John Trumbull, The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, 1781, 1820.
Oil on canvas. U.S. Capitol.
4. The Revolution at Home
Benjamin Blythe, Abigail Adams, 1766.
Oil on canvas.
“I long to hear that you have declared an independency. And, by the way, in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors.”
Abigail Adams to John Adams, March 31, 1776.
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John Singleton Copley, John Adams, 1783.
Oil on canvas.
“We have been told that our struggle has loosened the bonds of government everywhere; that children and apprentices were disobedient; that schools and colleges were grown turbulent; that Indians slighted their guardians, and negroes grew insolent to their masters.”
John Adams to Abigail Adams, 1776.
George Romney, Thomas Paine, 1792.
Engraving.
“Whenever I use the words freedom or rights, I desire to be understood to mean a perfect equality of them. The floor of Freedom is as level as water.”
Thomas Paine
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5. Redefining Property and Voting Rights
Joshua Reynolds, Samuel Johnson, 1772.
Oil on canvas. National Portrait Gallery, London.
“How is it that we hear the loudest yelps for liberty from the drivers of Negroes?”
Samuel Johnson
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Joshua Reynolds, Edmund Burke, 1771.
Oil on canvas. Tate Gallery, London
“Those who are free are by far the most proud and jealous of their freedom.”
Edmund Burke
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John Singleton Copley, Watson and the Shark, 1778.
Oil on canvas. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
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“A man has property in his opinions and the free communication of them, he has property in the safety and liberty of his person.”
James Madison, 1787
Charles Willson Peale, James Madison, 1780s.
Miniature portrait.
