political timed test
Nancy 00001
14-RadIslam.pdf
• 1.INTRO • 2. EVALUATION & FEEDBACK • 3. RADICAL ISLAMISM • 1a) Definition • 1b) Conception of Human Nature and Freedom • 1c) Origins, evolution and key features • 1d) Challenges •
• 4. HOMEWORK
PLAN FOR TODAY
HOMEWORK
1- Review all the resources on C4 2- Answer the following questions: A) What is an ecological footprint? B) How does the circular economy differ from the linear
economy? C) What does Sustainable development mean? Who is
credited for having invented the concept and when?
RECAP
DEFINITION – SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
DEFINITION
“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
1987, Our Common Future (Brundtland report)
The Earth Summit in Rio - 1992
ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION
MODERN THINKERS OR CONTRIBUTORS
Gro Harlem Brundtland (1939-) Paul Hawken (1946-) Karl Henrik Robert (1947-)
1. The actual economy is based on a linear
model, also referred to as ; Take-Make-Waste
Model
2. Sustainable development aims to replace the linear model by a circular economy model, also reffered to as ; Take – Make - Replace
3. Sustainable development promotes symbiotic relationships between human beings and all species = a relationship between two or more organisms that live closely together and in which both species benefit from the relationship.
4. Ecological footprint, ecological deficit and overshoot day
Ecological footprint: is a metric that measures how much we consume resources and generate waste.
Ecological deficit: happens when a country or individual’s demand for goods and services exceeds a region’s ecosystems to renew natural resource.
Overshoot day: marks the day that the world enters into an ecological deficit. Since the 1970s, humanity has been in ecological overshoot, with annual demand on resources exceeding what Earth can regenerate each year.
Source: https://www.footprintnetwork.org/our-work/ecological-footprint/
4. Ecological footprint, ecological deficit and overshoot day
In 2018, August 1st marked the day we
used more from nature than our
planet can renew in the whole year.
1. Collaboration and concerted political actions are necessary
2. Short- termism
3.Planned& perceived obsolescence
CHALLENGES
RADICAL ISLAMISM
DEFINITION – RADICAL ISLAMISM
RADICAL ISLAMISM:
• « A small minority of Islamists who aims to restore Islam to its pure state. ( untouched by secularism and modernity.) »
RADICAL ISLAMISM ON HUMAN NATURE & FREEDOM
Human beings are born;
• Weak and prone to sin
Ideologies & the Conception of Freedom
VAGENT GOAL OBSTACLE
VAGENT
RADICAL ISLAMISM ON FREEDOM
MUSLIMS
V
THREATS TO ISLAM; SECULARISM, MODERNITY, LIBERALISM
AGENT OBSTACLE
RADICAL ISLAMISM ON FREEDOM
MUSLIMS
VAGENT OBSTACLE
RADICAL ISLAMISM ON FREEDOM
GOAL
ESTABLISH ISLAMIC STATE THAT GOVERN ACCORDING
TO THE ISLAMIC LAW
MUSLIMS THREATS TO ISLAM; SECULARISM, MODERNITY, LIBERALISM
Where does Radical Islamism come from?
Islam: « Submission »
• Submission of the individual’s will to Allah ( God.)
• For Muslims, Islam is a religion and also a complete way of life, with rules governing everything; manner, morals, marriage, diet, dress code, prayer, personal finance and family life.
ORIGINS – A few words on Islam
• Islam is worldwide and Muslims are of different nationalities
• Islam is a monotheistic faith that worships one all-knowing, all-powerful God.
• The holy book of Islam that Muslims take to be the divine words of Allah is the Koran.
The practice of Islam requires jihad, the struggle against evil.
1st interpretation of jihad: The individual’s inner struggle to overcome the temptation to be sinful, selfish and evil.
2nd interpretation of jihad: An outward struggle against the enemies of Islam.
ORIGINS – RADICAL ISLAMISM
It emerged in reaction to secularism and modernity (20th- 21st century)
= It aims to restore Islam to its pure state, untouched by secularism and modernism and establish Islamic societies.
Radical Islamism - EXPLAINED
ORIGINS – RADICAL ISLAMISM
• Secularism
= The separation of religion and state is the foundation of secularism. It ensures religious groups don't interfere in affairs of state, and the state doesn't interfere in religious affairs.
ORIGINS – RADICAL ISLAMISM
• Modernity
= And the influence of Western ideas- liberalism, secularism, materialism, religious toleration and sexual equality.
Modern thinkers or contributors
Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966)
KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM
1. Criticism of the West
• The rejection of Western ideas and the critic of their consequences on society ( liberalism, social and economic inequalities, sexual promiscuity, alcohol consumption, secularism, materialism, etc.)
2. The perception of an imminent threat to Islam
• Radical Islamists believe that there is a concerted conspiracy by Christians and Jews to corrupt the morals of Muslims and to destroy Islam itself.
3. Radical Islamism’s interpretation of jihad
• Radical Islamists believe that Muslims must engage in a jihad against the West and everything it stands for. They must even be prepared to give their life if necessary.
KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM
4. Terrorism as a strategy to preserve Islam
= To launch deadly attacks directly on Western countries, their civilians and their troops.
THE 4 FUNCTIONS
4 Functions & Radical Islamism
1 Explanation
1 Explanation = There is a concerted, highly organized, global conspiracy to inject Western ideas into Islamic culture with the aim to ultimately destroy Islam as a religion and way of life.
4 Functions & Radical Islamism
2 Evaluation
2 Evaluation = Conditions are good if the integrity of Islam is preserved and Islamic states are implemented.
4 Functions & Radical Islamism
3 Orientation
3 Orientation = The sense of identity is revealed with the faith in Islam and the radical and narrow interpretation of the Koran.
4 Functions & Green Politics
4 Political Program
4 Functions & Green Politics
4 Political Program
=Jihad, a faith based struggle against the enemies of Islam to protect the Islam religion and way of life is considered a sacred duty. To that end, any means are permissible, including violence.
KEY FEATURES- RADICAL ISLAMISM ON DEMOCRACY
= Promotes theocracy ( a form of government ruled by divine guidance)
and rejects democracy.
CHALLENGES/CRITICS
CHALLENGES
1. Some misunderstanding, prejudices and complexities remains when it comes to Radical Islamism
• i.e. Muslims are often referred to as “terrorists”
CHALLENGES
2. Many interpretations of the Koran by radical Islamists promotes misogynist and antifeminist attitudes.
• i.e. Male guardianship is in effect in some countries • i.e. Women are considered second-class citizens • i.e. Some radical groups believe that women should not be educated
CHALLENGES/CRITICS
3. Radical Islamism, terrorist attacks and self-radicalization represent a new threat to peace and stability worldwide.
• i.e. In 2016,more than 75% of the year's attacks took place in 10 countries, including Iraq, Afghanistan and India.
Inside the mind of a former radical jihadist – TED TALK
HOMEWORK
1- Read Chapter 10 of your textbook 2- Review all the resources on C4 3- Answer the following questions: A) How does Radical Islamism perceive freedom? B) When and why did it emerge? C) What are the 2 interpretations of jihad and which one is Radical Islamism in favor
of?
REMINDER FOR THE PROJECTS
