question help

Category

Cognitive Developmental Milestones

Negative interaction/behavior: What did you see or hear that was

inappropriate?

The mother states that she reads stories to her son but she can be seen taking a story book from her handbag, opens a random page and roughly places it on the child’s laps. Her actions suggest that her understanding of reading stories to the child is inaccurate since she expects the child to read for himself, being approximately 15 months of age.

Positive interaction/behavior: What did you see that was appropriate?

The mother responds positively to all questions in a respectful manner. Furthermore, she guides her child on how to hold the feeding bottle, which helps the child to learn how to hold the bottle and feed himself. The mother assists him where necessary, which improves the child’s motor skills. Additionally, the mother gives the child different types of objects with different colors and physical characteristics such as a mobile phone and a jigsaw-puzzle box, which promotes the child’s cognitive development.

Guidelines/recommendation: What does the research recommend?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2019), parents and guardians should establish a safe and stable routine nurturing relationship with their children to enhance learning and avert diseases. Guide children to learn how to read by tracing the words with a finger, and reading the words slowly as the child follows. Children should feel that you are giving them your full attention and that you care about what they have to say. This will avoid cognitive distortion in regard to the likelihood that they may fail to understand the contexts within which positive and negative emotions should be applied.

Reference

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Essentials for childhood. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/essentials-for-childhood-framework508.pdf

Professional/Ethical Communication: How will you provide non-judgmental

and non-bias education regarding issue identified?

“I appreciate your efforts to assist the child to develop reading and listening skills using story books, and communicate verbally and non-verbally all times. You can improve his interest in reading by reading slowly together with him, and pointing at pictures and words as you read them aloud. This will help him do better at reading and in school in general.”

Category

Physical Developmental Milestones

Negative interaction/behavior: What did you see or hear that was

inappropriate?

The woman does not engage her son in physical activities on a daily basis but instead gives him indoor-dames toys such as the jig-saw puzzle to pay with.

Positive interaction/behavior: What did you see that was appropriate?

The mother plays with her son especially using toys such as jig-saw puzzles for children. She also places objects near the child so that the child can reach for the objects himself.

Guidelines/recommendation: What does the research recommend?

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), children should be engaged in physical games that involve actual body movement on a daily basis (AAP, 2019a). Physically involving games such as galloping, jumping, or sliding, and kicking or catching help to develop locomotor skills, and object-control skills respectively.

Reference

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2019a). Preschooler - Physical Activity. https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/HALF-Implementation-Guide/Age-Specific-Content/Pages/Preschooler-Physical-Activity.aspx

Professional/Ethical Communication: How will you provide non-judgmental

and non-bias education regarding issue identified?

“It is good of you to play with the child everyday as it improves his motor skills and physical development. You can also consider engaging the child in physically active games such as kicking and catching so as to improve his locomotor skills, and object-control skills respectively. You should guide and monitor the child throughout play sessions so as to keep him safe from accidents, and avoid engaging him in energy-intensive games.”

Category

Social-Emotional Developmental Milestones

Negative interaction/behavior: What did you see or hear that was

inappropriate?

The woman handles the child roughly, almost violently even on positive interactions. She often shouts at the child, which scares him almost all the time.

Positive interaction/behavior: What did you see that was appropriate?

The woman has a positive attitude and responds to questions with good humor.

Guidelines/recommendation: What does the research recommend?

Children ought to be handled gently even when correcting them. They should also be communicated in welcoming tones and gestures since violent verbal outbursts interfere with their socio-emotional development, which can impact on their emotional intelligence in their future adult life (CDC, 2020).

Reference

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Creating positive childhood experiences. https://www.cdc.gov/injury/features/prevent-child-abuse/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ffeatures%2Fhealthychildren%2Findex.html

Professional/Ethical Communication: How will you provide non-judgmental

and non-bias education regarding issue identified?

“Your concern for disciplining and teaching the child to behave well is impressive going by the manner in which you correct him. However, it is advisable to avoid shouting at the child angrily when correcting him. You should instead get used to correcting him gently without being emotionally charged, which is expressed by shouting angrily and violent body language. Shouting and roughing up the child can interfere with his emotional intelligence hence could induce social problems in his future life.

Category

Alcohol/Substance Use

Negative interaction/behavior: What did you see or hear that was

inappropriate?

The woman smokes cigarettes in all of the rooms in her house except in the child’s bedroom. She also exposes the child to alcohol, and is not ashamed of placing the bottle of alcohol near the child in the presence of the interviewer.

Positive interaction/behavior: What did you see that was appropriate?

The woman does not smoke in the presence of the child, and did not drink the alcohol in the presence of the child and the interviewer.

Guidelines/recommendation: What does the research recommend?

As recommended by the AAP, children should be protected from all types of drugs and alcohol including placing them out of their reach, and avoiding interacting with children when under the influence of drugs and alcohol (AAP, 2020b). Research also indicates that adolescent substance abuse problems arise from exposure to the substances at an early age.

Reference

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2020b). Substance use screening and brief intervention for youth. https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Pages/Substance-Use-Screening.aspx

Professional/Ethical Communication: How will you provide non-judgmental

and non-bias education regarding issue identified?

“I understand that it is your choice to drink and smoke alcohol and cigarettes, and you have valid reasons for drinking and smoking. Nevertheless, it is advisable to keep alcohol, cigarettes, and other substances away from the reach of the child or interact with the child under the influence of the substances. Children’s curiosity increases with time and exposure so that they may start experimenting with the alcohol and cigarettes. Furthermore, it is perhaps best to consider smoking outside the house or in a room in which the smoke would not diffuse to other parts of the room. Avoiding smoking in the child’s room does not protect him from the smoke since smoke diffuses. Cigarette smoke can impact on your son’s respiratory health hence it would be best if you avoid smoking near the child as much as you can.”

Category

Environmental Health Risks

Negative interaction/behavior: What did you see or hear that was

inappropriate?

The woman does not monitor the child accordingly despite the child having seated on a raised table. Additionally, she has stated that she does not monitor her son when he is playing or handling water.

Positive interaction/behavior: What did you see that was appropriate?

The woman occasionally adjusts the child on a safer position when he moves near the edge of the table, and dispossesses him of the items in-case he attempts to eat them. Additionally, the woman keeps medication and other poisons away from the child’s reach.

Guidelines/recommendation: What does the research recommend?

Children should be protected from known environmental hazards, and items such as poisons and medicines should be kept out of their reach. According to the CDC (2019), children are vulnerable to environmental contaminants due to their rapid development. Therefore, they should be kept away from environments, such as manufacturing facilities, dumpsites, and construction sites, which use hazardous chemicals. Such chemicals include methyl bromide, pesticides, and disinfectants. Additionally, all hazardous substances should be kept out of their reach (CDC, 2019). Furthermore, parents should monitor their children at all times, and prevent them from drinking unsafe water or putting everything into their mouths.

Reference

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Protecting kids from environmental

exposure. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/features/pehsu/index.html

Professional/Ethical Communication: How will you provide non-judgmental

and non-bias education regarding issue identified?

“I am impressed by how you monitor your child at all times to prevent him from falling down, and how you keep him safe from fire and protect him from falling from stairs. Apart from the measures that you have taken, it is crucial to monitor your child all the time that he is awake since children of his age tend to put things in their mouths hence you would be in a better position to intervene in case he attempts to put inappropriate objects in his mouth. Additionally, you ought to monitor him when he is around water since unclean water is among the mediums for contamination with water-borne pathogens, and suffocation. You also need to avoid allowing the child to enter the kitchen due to the limited ability to monitor him in the kitchen.”