write 2 pages for HST

Haochuan Tang

HST 296

Dr.Anthony J. Miller

12/10/2019

Secondary sources

Ross, R. S. (2016). China, the United States, and the Soviet Union: Tripolarity and Policy Making in the Cold War: Tripolarity and Policy Making in the Cold War. Routledge.

Ross and S, Robert explained that relations between the U.S, China, and the Soviet Union during the cold war were based on independence for all. Safety of each country was extensively dependent on the nature of affairs between the other two countries. Their matters were known as tripolarity and strategic triangle. China was of the view that its cooperation with the U.S would benefit its bargaining position with the Soviets

Zofka, J., Vámos, P., & Urbansky, S. (2018). Beyond the Kremlin’s reach? Eastern Europe and China in the Cold War era.

This article studies relations between China and socialists in Eastern European states during the cold war. China due to its huge size played a vital role and was categorized as an important third force whose foreign policy revolved around changing partners in its national interest. One of the main drivers of its foreign policy was the attainment of communism

Li, X. (2017). The Cold War in East Asia. Routledge.

The book “The cold war in East Asia” describes that Chines Communist Party in its coalition with Soviet Union started to follow the Russian model and its long struggle in the past had given it all the experience and confidence to do so. Mao Zedong had a clear policy that China would be the Soviet Union’s side and their inclination would be towards communist camps.

Johnson, M. D. (2017). The East Is Black: Cold War China in the Black Radical Imagination. By ROBESON TAJ FRAZIER. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015. xiv, 314 pp. ISBN: 9780822357681 (cloth, also available in paper). The Journal of Asian Studies, 76(2), 506-509.

Taj Frazier in his book states that many well-known African Americans traveled to live in China during the cold war. In China, they used media forums to show their unity with communism and that of social and racist injustice to the Black Americans. This book also focuses on how the Chinese government along with these prominent figures had to struggle against the U.S policies

Segal, G. (2018). The China factor: Peking and the superpowers. Routledge.

Segal recognizes the rise of China as a third power during the cold war regime and its importance in the world was increasing day by day. China believed in a policy of negotiation and for that matter, in 1949, China acted as a mediator and facilitated secret negotiations between the U.S and the Soviet Union. Although these negotiations didn’t end up successful due to various internal political and cold war reasons

Primary sources:

[Interview] Chinese foreign affairs expert says US-China relations are at an all-time low

Posted on : Jan.5,2019 12:51 KST Modified on : Jan.5,2019 http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/877117.html

Professor Su Hao says that during the cold war the less advanced and less strengthened China developed a relationship with the United States in such a way that it received help from the superpower to develop and expand its economy. China, during this course of time also helped the U.S to control the Soviet Union.So it was a two-way relationship that was benefitting both the countries.

INTERVIEW | John Garver on the History of China’s Foreign Relations

https://www.ncuscr.org/content/interview-john-garver-history-china%E2%80%99s-foreign-relations

Dr. John Grave, a leading scholar of Chinese foreign policy says that during the early days of the cold war, China had in its conscious to develop such a foreign policy that could effectively counter western liberalism. He further discusses that de-Stalinization in the USSR had created threats to the Chinese communist ideology and consequently its foreign policy drift was consequently a result of domestic pressures.

China's foreign policy, 1949-1979-https://www.grin.com/document/191649

After the end of the civil war in China, its foreign policy focused on building relations with the Soviet Union only. China had suspended its relations with other Western countries during that period. With the passage of time, China started building a relationship with the USA to get its help in building and strengthening its economy.

Interview: Lee Kuan Yew on the Future of U.S.- China Relations https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/03/interview-lee-kuan-yew-on-the-future-of-us-china-relations/273657/

During the cold war, China and the U.S had common goals and ambitions and both had good working relationships with each other as both of them provided room in their respective foreign policies. After the USSR breakdown, common threats of both countries are no more same however there is only competition that exists between the two global leaders.

The Sino-Soviet Split and the Left as Global History: An Interview with Jeremy Friedman

https://toynbeeprize.org/interviews/jeremy-friedman/

Jerry Friedman explains that during 1965, China came back on the global scenario with a strong preparation to deal with the Soviet agenda of “Third world”. At this stage, China had advancements in its relations with the U.S which had given it encouragement to attack the Soviet Union’s allies in the world ( MPLA of Angola and Vietnam, etc)

Review Article: Chinese Perspectives on Economic Diplomacy

http://www.theasanforum.org/chinese-perspectives-on-economic-diplomacy/

Four main stages have been described in Chinese diplomacy here. During the 1970s and 1980s, it was a period of China’s engagement and building international links. Next phase was entering into combination phase (1990s). Then comes a period of Chinese participatory economic policy whereby it actively contributed to its economic revival and growth with international trade. And since 2010, China after emerging as 2nd largest economy started working on its supremacy in local as well as the world’s economy.

The Cold War and Chinese Foreign Policy YAFENG XIA, JUL 16 2008, 31308 VIEWS

https://www.e-ir.info/2008/07/16/the-cold-war-and-china/

This article describes different aspects of Chinese foreign policy. Initially, during the cold war, China had an inclination towards the Soviet Union. Later due to some incidents, the Sino-Soviet alliance ended and China started working on self-reliance policy. During this time Chinese focus was towards building relations with the third world countries. Then comes the stage where China started building good relations with the U.S as well as Russia.

AN INTERVIEW WITH ZHENG WANG

https://cup.columbia.edu/author-interviews/wang-never-forget-national-humiliation

Zheng Wang explains here that instead of measuring Chinese strengths, it should rather be its intensions that should be examined. In his book “Never forget national humiliation”, he tries to explain the driving forces that determined Chines foreign policy during the cold war and thereafter. The national identity and national interest played a vital role in formulating Chinese foreign policy since the start.