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United States Patent (19) Haug

54 MODULAR CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT

Merrill W. Haug, 815 O'Farrell St., San Francisco, Calif. 94109

(22 Filed: Oct. 29, 1974 (21) Appl. No.: 518,344

76) Inventor:

52 U.S. Cl................... 248/188.1; 46/30; 248/165 (51) Int. Cl’......................................... F16M 11/20 58) Field of Search................. 248/188. 1, 165,346;

46/16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 30, 25; D6/85, 145; D19/61; D30/10; 52/DIG. 10

(56) References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS

2,902,821 9/1959 Kelly....................................... 46/30 3,310,906 3/1967 Glukes.................................... 46117 3,537,706 1 1/1970 Heavener................................ 46/30 3,564,758 2/1971 Willis.......... 46/25 3,698,124 10/1972 Reitza et al.... 46/30 D74,395 211928 Silberhartz................. ... D30/10 Dl 11,853 10, 1938 Johnson............................... D 1916.1

[11] 3,940,100 (45) Feb. 24, 1976

D212,267 9/1968 Dreyfuss.............................. D6/145

Primary Examiner-William H. Schultz Assistant Examiner-Robert A. Hafer Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Limbach, Limbach & Sutton

57 ABSTRACT

A modular element for constructing furniture or artis tic sculptures comprising a flat member having three equilaterally arranged legs and three equilaterally ar ranged, arc-shaped sides having equal radii of curva ture, each of the legs having a slot extending through its thickness and arranged equilaterally with the slots in the other legs. Groups of four elements are assem bled with a center element being engaged at each of its slotted legs with a separate slotted leg of one of the other elements. In one preferred embodiment a group of twenty such elements are so assembled to form an artistic sculpture.

4. Claims, 10 Drawing Figures

U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 1976 Sheet 1 of 4 3,940,100

U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 1976 Sheet 2 of 4 3,940,100

U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 1976 Sheet 3 of 4 3,940,100

U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 1976 Sheet 4 of 4 3,940,100

3,940, 100 1.

MODULAR CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a modular construc

tion element and, more particularly, to a flat construc tion element for use in making furniture or artistic sculptures.

Flat, modular elements have long been used in mak ing children's toys and such elements are often made of thin, flexible materials which are deformable. Further more, such elements sometimes have straight sides which do not combine together to form a plurality of curved lines and surfaces which give an artistic appear ance and functional advantage. The advantage of a modular construction for furni

ture is that the elements may be shipped flat in disas sembled form to the end user, who can then simply fit them together to create a piece of furniture. If the elements are designed to be combined in a plurality of different modes the end user has the option of creating different artistic effects as well as different furniture forms. One problem in all such modular furniture con structions is in achieving a sturdy assembled structure with elements which can be both easily assembled and disassembled.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above objectives are obtained and the problems

of prior art structures are overcome by the present invention of a modular construction element compris ing a flat member having three equilaterally arranged legs and three equilaterally arranged, arc-shaped sides having equal radii of curvature, each of the legs having an open ended slot extending through its thickness, oriented toward the centroid of the element, and ar ranged equilaterally with the slots in the other legs. These elements may be combined in groups of four with at least one of the elements having the slot in each of its legs interlocked with the slot in one leg of a sepa rate one of the other three elements to form a sturdy structure having one horizontal element and three ver tical elements, for example.

In some preferred embodiments a plurality of such four element groups are combined so that each of the other three elements in each group has a slot in one of its other legs interlocked with the slot in the other leg of one of the other three elements of another group. The maximum number of elements which can be assembled symmetrically in such a combination is twenty. This limit is a function of the inherent geometry of the ele ment's construction. Thereafter, the design merely repeats itself. Because of the arcuately shaped edges of each ele

ment the overall construction has certain advantages that other modular constructions do not have. One such advantage is that the basic construction of four elements will securely seat a sphere-shaped object or other rounded type objects. In the maximum symmetri cal combination of twenty such elements they will de fine a hollow, sphere-shaped space which may contain, for example, a plastic sphere globe lamp, decorative item, or other functional shapes such as a planter or fireplace base. The slots in each leg of each element serve a dual

purpose. In addition to providing an interlocking mech anism for each of the modules, they also secure various accessories to the base, such as beveled leg assemblies

2 which provide a stable base for an assembly of four or more such units and which also can serve as table top holders. Each element is made of a substantially rigid, nonflexible material. In a preferred embodiment, the material chosen is a plywood or other hard wood, which is approximately one-fourth to one and one-half inches thick.

In one preferred embodiment, the elements are stackable for shipping by overlaying them one on top of another and providing an interlocking member which is wedged into the slots of the stacked elements to hold them in place.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a modular construction element which is flat and which may be assembled with three other such elements to form a three-legged, stable base for sup porting both sphere-shaped and plane-shaped objects.

It is another object of the invention to provide a three-legged constructional element which may be assembled in groups of four or more such elements together to form an artistic work. The foregoing and other objectives, features and

advantages of the invention will be more readily under stood upon consideration of the following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the basic, modular construction element according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the geometric

construction of the element depicted in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a group of four such

elements as depicted in FIG. 1 when joined together according to the invention; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of four of the elements

depicted in FIG. 1 when stacked together for shipping; FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a typical use

of a group of four such elements as depicted in FIG. 3 in combination with an artistic, sphere-shaped object; FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a typical use

of two groups of four such elements as depicted in FIG. 3 for supporting a table top; FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a plurality of the ele

ments depicted in FIG. 1 when assembled into an artis tic structure having an interior, sphere-shaped, hollow space; FIG. 8 is a side view, in elevation, and with portions

broken away, of the four element group depicted in FIG. 3 together with a plane surface and a leg and holder assembly; FIG. 9 is an enlarged side view of the leg and holder

assembly depicted in FIG. 8; and FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view of the leg and holder

assembly depicted in FIG. 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now more particularly to FIG. 1, a flat,

rigid element 10 according to the invention is depicted which has three equilaterally spaced legs 12. Each leg has a rectangularly shaped, open ended slot 14 through its thickness and oriented axially toward the centroid of the triangularly shaped element 10. Each of the three slots 14 is also equilaterally arranged with respect to the other slots. Thus, each of the legs 12 and each of the slots 14 is oriented at 120° with respect to the other

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legs and slots, respectively. The sides 16 of each ele ment 10 between each leg 12 are arc-shaped and have the same radius of curvature. The element 10 is made of a rigid material, such as

wood or plastic, and can be any thickness desired al though in the preferred embodiment, the thickness range is from one-fourth of an inch to one and one-half inches. the width of the slot 14 should be only slightly greater than the thickness of the element 10 so that when an element leg 12 is inserted into the slot 14 it will fit snugly. The axial length of the slots 14 is a mat ter of design criteria, but it should be sufficient to pro vide a rigid, interlocking mechanism when assembled with the other elements as depicted in FIG. 3.

Referring now more particularly to FIG. 3, an assem bly of four of the units 10 is depicted in which a center element 10a is horizontal and is interlocked along each of its slots 14 with corresponding slots 14 in each of three other, vertical elements 10b, 10c and 10d. When interlocked in this manner, the group of four elements provides a sturdy, three-legged structure which will support either a flat surface on the uppermost legs 12 of the elements 10b, 10c and 10d or a sphere-shaped object in the uppermost curved sides 16 of each of the upstanding elements 10b, 10c and 10d. The elements 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d are easily assembled into this basic structure without the need to use glue or fasten ing devices. The structure can also be easily disassem bled for shipping or storage.

Referring now more particularly to FIG. 4, it can be seen that each of the elements 10 depicted in FIG. 3 may be overlaid or stacked flat, one on top of another, for ease in shipping or storage and the thus assembled group may be held in this arrangement by placing wedges (not shown) into the corresponding slots 14 of the elements 10. Referring now more particularly to FIG. 2, the geo

metrical construction of the element 10 is illustrated. The element 10 is constructed within the perimeter of a hypothetical, equilateral triangle 20. As described above, each of the element sides 16 between the legs 12 is arc-shaped and has a radius of curvature 22, from a corresponding, opposite vertice of the equilateral trian gle 20, which is equal to the radius of curvature of each

of the other sides 16. The axial center line or axis of 45 symmetry of each leg 12 lies along individual, corre sponding hypothetical lines 24 which intersect the mid point of one of the sides of the triangle 20 and the opposite vertex. While only one radius 22 and one midline 24 are shown in FIG. 2 for purposes of clairty in the illustration, it will be understood that other cor responding radii and midlines 22 and 24, respectively, can be similarly constructed for the other sides 16 and the legs 12. It is this fundamental geometry of the ele ment 10 which enables it to combine to form the shapes depicted in FIGS. 1 and 3 and in the shape to be de scribed in FIG. 7. Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 5 and 6,

typical uses for the assembly of four elements depicted in FIG. 3 are illustrated. In FIG. 5 a sphere-shaped, artistic object 26 is supported along the upper curved surfaces 16 of an assembly of four of the elements 10. The sphere-shaped object 26 need not be a complete sphere. It could also be bowl-shaped, such as for a barbecue pit or a modern open-hearth stove. As illus trated in FIG. 6, two or more of the four element groups may be used to support a flat plane surface, such as a table top 28.

4 Referring now more particularly to FIG. 7, an artistic

sculpture made of a plurality of four element groups is illustrated in which each of the elements 10b, 10c and 10d has a slot in one of its other legs interlocked with the slot in the other leg of another one of the three elements in another four-element group. The interior curved sides 16 of the combined elements together define a sphere-shaped, hollow space 30 which may be left empty or which may be filled with a sphere-shaped, artistic or ornamental object. Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 8, 9 and

10, a combination leg and plane surface holder assem bly 32 for use with a group of four elements is depicted as comprising a pair of spaced apart, rigid, parallel strips 34 which are joined together at one end by an intermediate, rectangular cross-shape member 38. The strips 34 and the member 38 are beveled at one end and fitted with a non-skid surface 40, such as a rubber pad, for example. The member 38 is thinner than the width of the strips 34 and is nearly the same in thick ness as the width of the notches 14 in the member legs 12. The assembly 32 can thus be fitted into the notch 14

of a member leg 12 so that the member 38 is engaged in the notch 14 and the spaced apart ends of the strips 34 which are distal from the member 38 overlap the flat sides of the member 10 towards its center (see FIG. 8) to hold the assembly 32 in rigid engagement with the member 10. The angle of the bevel in the end is such that the non-skid surface 40 is substantially horizontal when the assembly 32 is engaged in the legs 12 of the modular elements 10 fitted together in four element groups. This feature provides a stable, horizontal foot base for the four element groups and a stable, horizon tal support for a table top, as shown in FIG. 8. While certain uses have been depicted for the ele

ments of the invention, it should be apparent that nu merous other combinations will be clear to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing specifica tion. The terms and expressions which have been em

ployed here are used as terms of description and not of limitations, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described, or portions thereof, it being recognized that various modifications are possi ble within the scope of the invention claimed. What is claimed is: 1. In combination, a group of four inflexible, modular

construction elements, each element being flat and having three equilaterally spaced legs with arc-shaped sides between each leg, each of the arc-shaped sides having the same radius of curvature, each of the legs further having a slot through its thickness which ex tends toward the centroid of the element, the width of the slots being only slightly greater than the thickness of the element, and at least one of the elements having the slot in each of its legs fully inserted in the slot in one leg of a separate one of the other three elements so that one element is oriented perpendicularly to the other three elements and is inflexibly interloced therewith to form a rigid, load bearing structure whose constituent elements are inflexible with respect to each other when so interlocked.

2. A combination as recited in claim 1 further com prising a plurality of such four element groups, each of the other three elements in each group having a slot in one of its other legs interlocked with the slot in the

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other leg of one of the other three elements of another group.

3. A combination as recited in claim 2 wherein there are maximum of twenty interlocked elements.

4. A modular construction element comprising a flat member having three equilaterally spaced legs with arc-shaped sides between each leg, each of the arc shaped sides having the same radius of curvature, each of the legs further having a slot through its thickness which extends toward the centroid of the element, the width of the slot being only slightly greater than the thickness of the element and further including a leg and

6 holder assembly having a pair of parallel strips and a rectangularly shaped member mounted between and to the strips at one end to space them apart, the strips and the rectangular member being beveled at one end, the strips being wider than the width of the leg slots, and the rectangular member being thinner than the width of the leg slots so that the leg and holder assembly can be fitted to an element leg by engaging the rectangular member in the leg slot with the strips overlying oppo site sides of the element leg.

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