question help

Case Two

When the baby returns after two months, she will be vaccinated against the following diseases; Hepatitis B (HepB) second dose, Diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis) (Tdap) first dose (CDC, 2020). After this visit, the mother should return her baby after another two months to administer the RV vaccine to protect her against rotavirus, (Tdap) second dose vaccine to protect her against whooping cough (pertussis), Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine, PCV13 to protect her against pneumococcus and IPV vaccine to protect her against polio (CDC, 2020). However, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that Tdap, HepB and IPV vaccines can be combined to minimize the number of needle injections. These vaccines have a higher completion rate for the overall childhood vaccination series compared with children who do not receive it. Furthermore, 45.2% of the DTaP, HepB and IPV cohort received all recommended vaccinations at age-appropriate times, compared with 37.5% of those who did not receive the DTaP, HepB and IPV vaccine (Kurosky, Davis & Krishnarajah, 2017).

Case Three

At five years, the vaccine I would recommend is Hib to protect her against Influenza because she never had the immunization shot through her two-year series of vaccinations and she is up to date with all the other immunizations. The Influenza vaccine however, is normally administered each year to protect against flu. The anticipatory guidance to give this child is that she might take up to two weeks to be fully protected from the flu. Also, the child should anticipate to experience side effects from the vaccine such as headache, fever, nausea and muscle aches. On the other hand, there are contradictions for the Influenza vaccine. It cannot be administered to individuals who have anaphylactic reactions to eggs. Most of the flu vaccines are prepared from viruses grown in embryonated hens’ eggs. As a result, egg allergy has been considered a contraindication to the flu vaccine (Schmidt, 2019). Besides, patients above 18 years who are on long-term medication and cannot be vaccinated with the Influenza vaccine because it may cause harmful effects like life threatening allergies.

Case Four

At eleven years old the child is in her preteen and she will need protection because childhood vaccines wear off and adolescents need vaccines that will extend protection. Besides, teenagers need protection from additional infections as well, before the risk of exposure increases (CDC, 2020). The vaccinations I would recommend at this point are, meningococcal disease one dose, HPV two doses, Tetanus, Diphtheria, whooping cough, (Tdap) one dose and Influenza every year. In addition to a yearly flu vaccine, she will also need three essential vaccines that will provide protection as he or she enters adulthood.

In the event of the mother only requiring her daughter to be immunized against the required disease by her school, the nurse practitioner can try to offer counseling against her decision which will benefit both of them. She should tell her that it is important for her daughter to get immunized against other diseases other than the one required by her because the vaccines she had against the other diseases while she was young have weakened, and vaccinating her again will boost her immune system and protect her from new infections, thus preventing her from infecting her school mates and friends. She can ask the mother about her concerns and why she is not open to her daughter getting vaccinated against other diseases and from the mother’s response, the nurse should let her know of the statistics of children who get sick of the diseases in question and the complications that come with. The nurse should also assure her of vaccination safety.

Communicating enables the mother to be open-minded and view the additional vaccinations, apart from the one required by the school, from a different perspective, which makes her agree and proceed with her daughter’s vaccine immunization. The additional dose needed is the MMR vaccine, which will protect her from mumps and measles. These are serious diseases and failure to get immunization against them could lead to health complications. For example, the contraction of mumps could lead to meningitis, inflammation and ovaries. Whereas measles could cause complications to the child by contracting diseases like pneumonia and brain swelling (CDC, 2020). The MMR vaccine will be administered in two doses because the child is in a setting that poses a high risk for measles and mumps transmission. The doses will be separated by at least 28 days where she will get her first vaccination immediately, then come back for her second immunization after 28 days (CDC, 2020).

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). CDC 24/7. Saving Lives, Protecting People:Vaccines for Your Children. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/schedules/index.html

Kurosky, S. K., Davis, K. L., & Krishnarajah, G. (2017). Effect of combination vaccines on completion and compliance of childhood vaccinations in the United States. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 13(11), 2494-2502. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C33&q=Effect+of+combination+vaccines+on+completion+and+compliance+of+childhood+vaccinations+in+the+United+States.+Human+Vaccines+%26+Immunotherapeutics&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DShx07E6xg6c

Schmidt, S. (2019). Influenza… Circulating viruses and vaccination. SA Pharmaceutical Journal, 86(1), 20-27. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C33&q=Schmidt%2C+S.+%282019%29.+Influenza%E2%80%A6+Circulating+viruses+and+vaccination.+SA+Pharmaceutical+Journal%2C+86%281%29%2C+20-27.&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DaI-z81eUCpwJ