political timed test
Nancy 00001
10-Fascsim.pdf
PLAN FOR TODAY
• 1. FASCISM
• 1a) Definition
• 1b) Conception of Human Nature and Freedom
• 1c) Origins, evolution and key features
• 1d) Challenges
• 2. HOMEWORK
• 3.FOLLOW-UP ON PROJECTS
HOMEWORK
1- Read Chapters 5- 6 of your textbook & review the resources on C4
2- Watch the VIDEO on democratic socialism from NBC and Mashable and take notes.
3- Review the political platform of the NDP party of Canada. Note 2 political actions that are in line with Socialism and explain why. ( (half a page)
4- Answer the 3 following questions: A) Why is Communism considered a dying ideology? B) Has Communism ever existed in practice? Explain your answer. C) What is democractic socialism and why can it be considered the future of Socialism? Use the videos on C4 to help you.
« The sleep of reason brings
forth monsters. »
Francisco Gaya
DEFINITION – FASCISM
• FASCISM • FASCIARE = To fasten or bind
FASCISM ON HUMAN NATURE & FREEDOM
Human beings;
1. Belong to different races
( that are unequal)
Human beings;
2. Need a leader to guide them in
discovering the truth about their interests.
Ideologies & the Conception of Freedom
VAGENT GOAL OBSTACLE
VAGENT
FASCISM ON FREEDOM
THE NATION-STATE
V
INDIVIDUALISM, INDEPENDENT GROUPS
AGENT OBSTACLE
FASCISM ON FREEDOM
THE NATION-STATE
V
INDIVIDUALISM, INDEPENDENT GROUPS
AGENT OBSTACLE
FASCISM ON FREEDOM
THE NATION-STATE
GOAL
THE POWER & GLORY OF THE STATE
ORIGINS
• The Enlightenment
17th - 18th century
ORIGINS
• The Enlightenment
= an intellectual and cultural movement that dominated Europe thought in the 18th century
ORIGINS
The Enlightenment or the Age of Reason
• = The application of reason could remove all the social and political evils that stood in the way of humanity happiness and progress.
1. Humanism
The idea that human beings are the source and measure of value.
The Enlightenment’s 5 premises
2. Rationalism
The idea that human beings are rational creatures and that human reason can solve all problems that face humanity.
The Enlightenment’s 5 premises
3. Secularism
= The idea that religion may be a source of comfort and insight but not an absolute truth for guiding public life.
The Enlightenment’s 5 premises
4. Progressivism
The idea that human history is the story of progress in the human conditions.
The Enlightenment’s 5 premises
5. Universalism
The idea that there is a single, universal human nature that binds all human beings together despite their differences of ethnicity, culture and religious beliefs.
The Enlightenment’s 5 premises
1. Humanism 2. Rationalism 3. Secularism 4. Progressivism 5. Universalism
The Enlightenment’s 5 premises
ORIGINS
• The Counter-Enlightenment 14th - 17th century
ORIGINS
• The Counter-Enlightenment 14th - 17th century
The rejection of these premises and particularly of the idea of universalism and the concept of human equality helped fueled the political philosophy known as nationalism which led to Fascism
ORIGINS
• Nationalism
= The belief that the people of the world fall into distinct groups, or nations, with each nation forming the natural basis for a separate political unit, known as the nation-state.
ORIGINS
• Nationalism - EXPLAINED
• In support of Nationalism
• In reaction to Liberalism, Socialism and the Enlightenment
Modern thinkers or contributors
Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) Adolf Hitler ( 1889-1945)
• Fascism in Italy
“Believe, Obey, Fight!”
= The ultimate goal was the unity of the nation and obedience and dedication to the leader ( Il Duce). Therefore legitimizing the control of the sate over everything and everyone.
• Fascism in Italy
• Fascism in Germany - Nazism
= The ultimate goal was the achievement of the Great German Empire (Thousand-Year Reich)
ORIGINS
• Fascism in Germany - Nazism
KEY FEATURES OF FASCISM
KEY FEATURES OF FASCISM 1. Distinction between Nazism
and Fascism
= Fascism need not to be a racist ideology. As opposed to Nazism who puts racial theory at the core of its definition.
Nazism = Fascism + Racism
KEY FEATURES OF FASCISM 2. Hatred for Liberalism and
Communism
= Fascism began in reaction to Liberalism and Communism and is opposed to their respective views on human nature and their conception of society. (Ex; emphasis on individualism and
social classes.)
KEY FEATURES OF FASCISM
3. Fascism and the Masses
= The masses were to be molded and follow their leader blindly with the help of propaganda and indoctrination. ( Conformism)
KEY FEATURES OF FASCISM
4. The appeal for military might, discipline and sacrifice
= Fascism relied on military dictatorship, the discipline of the masse and its devotion to the glory of the State to legitimize and maintain its political power.
KEY FEATURES OF FASCISM
5. The stress on manliness and masculinity
= Fascism is preoccupied with masculinity because it associates it with strenght, action and dominance.
KEY FEATURES OF FASCISM 6. The emphasis on
Nationalism
= Nationalism is the belief that people fall into distinct groups or nations and that each nation forms the natural basis for a separate political unit or the nation-state.
Nationalism defined;
= ‘’Nationalism is the desire for political independence of people who feel they are historically or culturally a separate group within a country.’’ Source: Collins dictionary
KEY FEATURES OF FASCISM
7. The Totalitarian ethos
= Totalitarianism is the attempt to take complete control of the society, – not just its government but all its social, cultural and economic institutions, in order to fulfill an ideological vision on how society ought to be organized.
Source: Textbook, p.219
Nationalism + Totalitarianism = Fascism
KEY FEATURES OF FASCISM
7. The Totalitarian ethos - EXPLAINED
KEY FEATURES – FASCISM AND THE 4 FUNCTIONS
4 Functions & Fascism 1 Explanation
4 Functions & Fascism
1 Explanation
= The actions of some heroes or some villains engaged in some conspiracy to undermine or even destroy the nation- sate always explain why things are the way they are.
4 Functions & Fascism
2 Evaluation
2 Evaluation
= Conditions are good if people are united behind their party and their leader.
4 Functions & Fascism
3 Orientation
3 Orientation = The sense of identity is based on the organic society – the nation-state or the « race », that gives meaning to the life of the individual.
4 Functions& Fascism
4- Political Program
4 Functions & Fascism
4 Political Program
= Follow the leader and combat the enemies of the nation and do whatever is necessary to bring glory to the nation and help establish the nation as a leading power in the world.
FASCISM ON DEMOCRACY
FASCISM ON DEMOCRACY
By embracing totalitarianism, Fascism
rejected democracy altogether
CHALLENGES/CRITICS
1. Fascism has entered our political vocabulary and even inspired movements elsewhere, but whether it is an ongoing possibility or the product of a particular epoch that has passed remains disputed.
Source: David Roberts, The Challenge of Fascism, Oxford bibliographies
2. Fascists parties have been outlawed in Italy and Germany and Fascist movements and propaganda are closely watched.
3. Fascism today is hard to measure, but Nationalism is on the rise in many places.
HOMEWORK
1- Read Chapter 7 of your textbook 2- Consult the resources on C4 3- Answer the questions: A) What is the link between Fascism and Totalitarianism? B) How would you define Nationalism? How is it related to Fascism?
GROUP PROJECT FOLLOW-UP
