Term paper Week 1 - Intro to Health Care
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1-OverviewofU.S.HealthcareSystem.pptxDid you know?
When the practice of medicine first began, tradesmen such as barbers practiced medicine.
They often used the same razor to cut hair as to perform surgery.
In 2010, the United States spent $2.6 trillion on healthcare spending or 17.6% of the gross domestic product, which is the highest in the world.
Interesting Facts
CMS predicts annual healthcare costs will be $4.64 trillion by 2020, which represents nearly 20% of the U.S. gross domestic product.
The US is one of only a few developed countries that does not have universal healthcare coverage.
In 2002, the Joint Commission issued hospital standards requiring them to inform their patients if their results were not consistent with typical care results.
Summary
This textbook provides information for you as both a health care consumer and an employee of the health care industry.
provides an overview of the history of the four major sectors of health care:
traditional medicine and medical education
hospital system development
public health
health insurance
These sectors will be discussed in depth throughout the book.
Summary
The U.S. healthcare system is one of the most expensive and complex systems in the world.
Both government and private participation in healthcare
According to 2010 statistics, the US spent $2.6 trillion on healthcare expenditures, or 17.6% of its gross domestic product
This is an expensive system, but we are not at the top worldwide with life expectancy rates and infant mortality rates.
Basic Concepts of Health
Before we discuss the system, it is important to remember these three concepts of how health care is provided to consumers.
Primary prevention avoids the development of a disease. Examples include:
smoking cessation programs
immunization programs, and
educational programs for pregnancy and employee safety.
Basic Concepts of Health
Secondary prevention activities are focused on early disease detection, which prevents progression of the disease.
Screening programs, such as high blood pressure testing, are examples of secondary prevention activities.
Colonoscopies and mammograms are also examples of secondary prevention activities.
Basic Concepts of Health
Tertiary prevention reduces the impact of an already established disease by minimizing disease-related complications.
Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and monitoring of diseased individuals.
Government Participation
There are several federal agencies responsible for enforcing rules and regulations such as:
Food and Drug Administration
Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Center for Mental Health Services
Private Participation
Healthcare costs are paid by a health insurance plan, private, or government, and the enrollee of the plan.
Most consumers cost share in their healthcare coverage.
Nearly 60% of health insurance coverage is through an employer plan
Social Legislation
Social regulations: rules and regulations that protect consumers
Sherman Antitrust Act
Newborns’ and Mothers’ Health Protection Act
Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act
Mental Health Parity Act
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
Affordable Care Act
Table 1-1
Table 1-1 (cont’d)
Table 1-2
Table 1-2 (cont’d)
Table 1-3
Table 1-3 (cont’d)
Table 1-4
Table 1-4 (cont’d)
Table 1-4 (cont’d)
Milestones of U.S. Healthcare
Let’s review each table and discuss the important events of each system component
Activity: Which milestones stand out for you and why?
Figure 1-1
Iron Triangle
A balancing act of access, cost containment and quality.
The Iron Triangle focuses on quality, cost and access of a program.
The quality of the service, the cost of the service and the accessibility of the service must be balance in order to provide a good health care.
Activity: Give me an example of how an imbalance could occur
Iron Triangle Balance Issues
It is important that the three points of the triangle are balanced or there may be a problem.
If an increase in cost is emphasized, there may be a decrease in access to affordable health care.
If a decrease in cost is emphasized, quality may suffer.
Conclusion
No universal healthcare coverage in the U.S.
Health disparities across the nation
Most expensive healthcare system in the world
Nearly 50 million are uninsured
Both government and private participation in healthcare
Conclusion
Most individuals receive health insurance from employers
ACA was very divisive across political parties
ACA focus is increasing access to healthcare and improving quality
ACA mandate of individual healthcare mandate should decrease the number of uninsured
