Homwwork 2

1.8 CS#2 Enzyme Inhibition & Alli

BIOL 2110G CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

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1.8  Case Study #2 – Enzyme Inhibition &  Weight Loss Drugs

From the prep assignment… Nutrition ◦ Digestion

◦ Absorption 

Nutrients ◦ Vitamins, minerals, essential nutrients

How fat is digested, processed, and absorbed.

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You Tube An Alli Ad

The Claim Stops fat in diet from turning into pounds (on your body)

So what are possible targets of Alli? 

What are possible steps/processes that can be “messed with” so less fat is turned  into pounds?

Think about the prep assignment – what do you remember about the process of  fat digestion and absorption?

Fat Digestion & Absorption 1. Emulsification – break up into smaller droplets ◦ By bile salts

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1.8 CS#2 Enzyme Inhibition & Alli

Fat Digestion & Absorption 1. Emulsification ◦ By bile salts

2. Chemical digestion ◦ By lipase – enzyme that breaks triglycerides down to fatty acids & monoglycerides

Fig 33.11

Fat Digestion & Absorption 1. Emulsification ◦ By bile salts

2. Chemical digestion ◦ By lipase – enzyme that breaks triglycerides down to fatty acids & glycerol

3. Absorption ◦ Only fatty acids and monoglycerides can be absorbed into cells lining the small intestine

Fig 33.11

The Claim Stops fat in diet from turning into pounds (on your body)

So what are possible targets of Alli? 

What are possible steps/processes that can be “messed with” so less fat is turned  into pounds?

Think about the prep assignment – what do you remember about the process of  fat digestion and absorption?

Possible targets of Alli Inhibits Activity of Bile Salts

Inhibits Lipase Interferes with absorption of monoglycerides & fatty acids

Rationale? Rationale? Rationale?

Experiment? Predict

Experiment? Predict

Experiment? Predict

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1.8 CS#2 Enzyme Inhibition & Alli

Alli is an enzyme inhibitor

Questions 1 & 2 on your worksheet

Look at these molecules

Alli is an enzyme inhibitor

Questions 1 & 2 on your worksheet

Why should Alli help with weight loss? Why a lipase inhibitor and not an inhibitor of carbohydrate or protein- digesting enzymes?

http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm064904.htm

http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm064904.htm

So does it work? What would YOU do to find out?

Think of an experiment (with appropriate controls) to test the hypothesis that Alli helps with weight loss.

Independent variable?

Dependent variable?

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1.8 CS#2 Enzyme Inhibition & Alli

Four Different Studies All studies had two treatments: •(i) Alli & diet counseling •(ii) Placebo & diet counseling Dependent variable: % of patients losing >10% of body weight after 1 year

Experimental design control treatment? experimental treatment?

Four Different Studies

Alli n Placebo n p-value

1. 16.4% 110 6.5% 108 0.022

2. 24.8% 343 8.2% 340 <0.001

3. 22.8% 241 11.9% 236 0.02

4. 17.7% 657 9.9% 223 0.006

All studies had two treatments: •(i) Alli & diet counseling •(ii) Placebo & diet counseling Dependent variable: % of patients losing >10% of body weight after 1 year

p=<0.001

Another dependent variable

So what do you think? What does the data show?

Preponderance of the data?

What does the statistical analysis tell you?

What does the ad for Alli say?

Questions 3 on your worksheet

Side Effects Event % of Alli

Patients % of Placebo Patients

Oily spotting 26.6 1.3

Fatty/Oily stool 20.0 2.9

Oily Evacuation 11.9 0.8

Flatus with Discharge

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Question 4 There are two parts- read and answer each carefully & completely

Nutritional Concerns People taking Alli need to supplement their diet with Vits A, D, E and K.

Why?

Questions 5 on your worksheet

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1.8 CS#2 Enzyme Inhibition & Alli

Truth in Advertising… Write four bullet points that could be part of a “truthful” (based on data) ad for Alli®

Question 6 (read the instructions!)

Questions 6 on your worksheet

Follow‐up Case Study #2 Enzyme Inhibition & Weight Loss Drugs – lecture quiz

Case Study #2 Enzyme Inhibition & Weight Loss Drugs – worksheet answers into  Canvas

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