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Dodge, M., Bosick, S., Antwerp, V., & Benson, M. (2013). Do Men and Women Perceive White-Collar and Street Crime Differently? Exploring Gender Differences in the Perception of Seriousness, Motives, and Punishment. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 29(3), 399-415.

In this journal it talks about the public’s perception on white-collar crime and its focus on gender. It talks about the relationship between crime type and the respondent’s perception of appropriate punishment and Its relation to gender. I do feel like a weakness to this survey would be location. They chose to talk to people that were coming from jury duty and I feel that puts a bias factor on keeping the data general. Most people coming from jury duty are most likely inclined to feel that the criminals deserve to be charged. Which is shown in the results because all respondents perceived the six crimes to be very serious offense. I also feel that the scenarios should not have been so vague as reported in the study because it does leave a lot of room of confusion and misunderstanding for the people filling out the survey. I do feel that this study is relative to my paper because they talk about how public views the punishment, attitudes and motivation which is going to interesting to do more research.

Leeper Piquero, N., Carmichael, S., & Piquero, A. (2008). Research Note: Assessing the Perceived Seriousness of White-Collar and Street Crimes. Crime & Delinquency, 54(2), 291-312.

In this journal it talks about the controversy surrounding the ranking of crime seriousness of white-collar crimes relative to street crimes. I do feel that a limitation in this study is that they did not include enough varieties in crimes which could alter the results possibly. I found this survey interesting because I feel that it was the most random survey done. I feel like the information on here would be the most accurate in getting a consensus on the public’s opinion. I also liked how they included the criminal justice system personnel’s perception in the study because no other study discussed that which gives a whole different perspective on my whole topic. This will help my paper because they used random, national probability samples that will help my theory that white-collar crime is as bad or even worse than street crime.

Michel, C. (2016). Violent Street Crime Versus Harmful White-Collar Crime: A Comparison of Perceived Seriousness and Punitiveness. Critical Criminology, 24(1), 127-143.

In this journal it talks about how studies have opposed old understandings of the publics feelings towards white-collar crime. They participants were asked to look at white-collar crimes and non-violent street crimes and then decided which of the two was more serious. Some strengths of this study is that they used Amazon Mechanical Turk which helped the analysis be less bias. I think a weakness of this study would be that the vagueness of the vignettes as described in the limitation's sections. “Verbiage used in the scenarios was admittedly vague and possibly induced the same kind of bias previously observed in research” (Michel). This information is useful to me because it described the analysis that supports my idea that White-collar crime is more dangerous than street crime.

Poortinga, E., Lemmen, C. and Jibson, M. (2006). A Case Control Study: White‐Collar Defendants Compared With Defendants Charged With Other Nonviolent Theft. [online] Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. Available at: http://jaapl.org/content/34/1/82 [Accessed 25 Sep. 2019].

In this journal it discusses the clinical, criminal and sociodemographic characteristics of all white-collar crime defendants. I found this study interesting because they had to put in so much time reviewing almost 30,000 defendants' files to gather their data. This study also goes into detail discussing the amount of money these criminals stole, and behaviors like gambling, military status, education and race. This information will help me find more areas that I did not really think about when doing my original search for research. I do think this study could have been more effective if it was done on a more national level but starting in one county is a good start. The researchers also could not validate some data because they were just looking at files which could possibly mean some files could be missing information or could be incorrect.

Watt, R. (2012). University students' propensity towards white-collar versus street crime. Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph, 5(2), 5.

In this journal students at the University of Guelph studied “role that personality plays in explaining the causes of white-collar crimes” (Watt). Students were measured on self-control and desire for control to determine the extent to which these factors affect the propensity to commit either street crime or white-collar crime. A limitation in this study would be that it was only given to university students. So, the results cannot be generalized for the entire population. Also, I did not like some of the questions that were asked during the survey. I like this study because it talks about self-control and desire for control which will be an interesting topic for my literature review and will help me dive into more than just the criminology side of why these crimes happen.