AP Worl History Unit Test

to lead day-to-day imperial administration

to serve as patriarch of all Turkish families

to lead religious rituals as chief priest

to rule the empire as an absolute monarch

to eliminate the need for local government officials to enforce the rule of law

to establish uniformity of practice in Buddhist ceremonies and doctrines

to encourage devotion to clan elders who were responsible for social order

to bypass the local nobility’s control of social welfare concerns of the populace

to create separate homelands within the Japanese state for followers of Shintoism and Buddhism

to escape from social responsibilities and rigid rules of conduct through urban entertainment

to provide ethnic cultural centers and living areas for foreign migrant workers in Japanese cities

to establish colonies to provide ready-made markets for industrialized manufactured goods

Orthodox Jews

Daoist worshippers

Roman Catholics

Sunni Muslims

Elite women were subject to male authority.

The middle class was eliminated by Confucian law.

Women were allowed control over their property.

Examinations allowed class movement.

Arbitrary rule by emperors was based on the steppe tradition.

Surplus agricultural production financed the armies.

Autocratic authority was wielded by Islamic emperors.

New food crops led to rapid population growth.

Portuguese naval forces laid siege around the city’s inner harbor.

The Hapsburg emperor’s armies used moveable towers to break the ramparts.

Ottoman forces used enormous cannon to knock down the city’s walls.

Russian soldiers attacked the weaker eastern walls with superior force.

Muslim traditional culture was reinforced by eliminating outside foreign influence in art, architecture, and music.

Capital cities and royal palaces were beautified to express empires’ imperial majesty and wealth.

Western European artists and musicians were brought into the royal courts to introduce more modern art in elite society.

Eastern Asian philosophies and stylized calligraphy were imported to secularize education and art.

loose system of governance that gave provinces autonomy

military force and advanced weaponry used to maintain gunpowder empire

a feudal system with nobles pledging homage to the Muslim emperor

absolute authority maintained by forcing thousands to convert to Islam

scroll paintings that depicted scenes on long, vertical rolls of silk

expansion into the northern border. which brought conflict with Russia

the Forbidden City, which served as the seat of centralized government

great works of literature and a new form of writing, the novel

The government lessened resistance to foreign ideas and western modernization.

Christianity was rejected because many converts were not allowed to become priests or have a leadership role in missions.

The number of followers of Buddhism and Confucianism lessened among the working class and the peasantry.

Shintoism decreased in political and cultural influence among all classes of Japanese society.

Merchant class ranks decreased.

The economy was agrarian-based.

Tea and silk exports declined.

Foreign Christians gained influence.

permanent overseas exploration and colonization

promotion of exports in tea, silk, and porcelain

foreign merchants allowed to operate through China

investment in new technological innovation

long and costly wars

successive crop failures

incompetent rulers

religious tensions

Japan did not want to rely on the European currency economy.

Japan wanted to eliminate possible foreign control over regional samurai warlords.

Japan dreaded an influx of Chinese Confucian and Buddhist dogma.

Japan was wary of the spread of foreign ideas, including European religious beliefs.

allowing autonomous religious communities

requiring all religions to conduct rites in Turkish

granting equal rights to believers of all religions

permitting Christians to inherit the imperial throne

He created an efficient nationwide bureaucracy and fair tax code.

He founded the Mughal Empire and dynasty in northern India.

He expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent deep into India.

He adopted Hinduism and enforced its caste system in the empire.

to allow a high volume of imports

to raise rents and interest rates

to encourage foreign trade

to focus on agricultural exports

control of a strategic link between Europe and Asia on the Dardanelles Strait

creation of an army that took advantage of cavalrymen skills and gunpowder

shrewd wisdom and strategy of its founder, Osman, and his descendants

increase in Islamic converts willing to form militias to overthrow Christian rulers

launching China’s first massive overseas exploration under admiral Zheng He

supporting the pioneering use of paper currency to bolster trade and commerce

constructing the vast Qing Empire through conquests of Taiwan and central Asia

fortifying northern borders with Mongolia by assembling the Great Wall

Women were allowed to own and operate public businesses.

Women were given the right to serve as attorneys in court.

Women served as governesses in elite households.

Women worked actively in the urban real estate market.

Muslims remained willingly ignorant of European cultural and technological developments.

Muslim mariners set sail to proselytize and convert foreign peoples to Islamic principles.

Shiite Muslims forced Sufism out of the empires’ art, music, literature, and architecture.

Islamic clerics embraced the use of the printing press to spread Muslim doctrines.

Civil war led to the loss of imperial power.

The Chinese invaded from the north.

Local warlords governed as feudal lords.

Puppet emperors ruled the imperial throne.

They feared complete invasion by advanced European armed forces.

The infrastructure was inadequate to deal with naval and overland commerce.

They wanted to avoid a demographic shift from the rural countryside to port cities.

They were suspicious what impact outside influences could have on Confucian ideals.

preventing excess population growth

allowing foreign migrants in to work

producing steel weapons for export

exporting opium and tea to Europe

killing the Persian king and subjugating his people

forcing the Mughal emperor to cede lands to the Turks

sacking Moscow and putting an end to Russian expansion

challenging European vessels through build up of navy

conservative Muslim protest and revolt in janissary corps

several incompetent rulers interested in personal wealth

frequent military defeat at the hands of the Europeans

destruction of Hindu temples and Buddhist shrines

The shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu completed the full unification of Japan.

The Kamakura regime was overthrown by the powerful Hojo family.

Oda Nobunaga conquered the east and was assassinated.

The warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi centralized power from Osaka.

brilliant domes, arches, and minarets in buildings

flying buttresses extending from building exteriors

decorative tiles to adorn mosques and tombs

elaborate ornamentation to balance arched structures

Wages rose as shortage of labor forces occurred from outbreaks of epidemics.

Wealth was measured more by money and commerce than land ownership.

Protoindustrial modes of production began to appear primarily in Europe.

The Columbian exchange of new foods altered diets and agricultural practices.