Information Technology & Data Analytics

Lesson 9: Emerging Trends and Technologies

Information Technology & Data Analytics

December 6, 2020

Information Technology & Data Analytics

Chapter 9

Emerging Trends and Technologies: Business, People, and Technology Tomorrow

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THERE IS NO LONGER ONE IN EVERY TOWN

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THERE IS NO LONGER ONE IN EVERY TOWN

11 USPS Five Year Strategic Plan (2017 – 2021)

Information Technology & Data Analytics

THERE IS NO LONGER ONE IN EVERY TOWN

12 USPS: Decade of Facts and Figures

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THERE IS NO LONGER ONE IN EVERY TOWN

13 USPS Five Year Strategic Plan (2017 – 2021)

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➢ Email and other forms of communication are transforming the U.S. Postal Service

➢ USPS has needed to change the way it does business

• Flat-rate shipping

• Online printing of postage and stamps

• Partnerships with UPS and FedEx

oUSPS expansive network

oFedEx air bridges

THERE IS NO LONGER ONE IN EVERY TOWN

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1. When was the list time you bought postage stamps?

2. What is the cost of a first-class postage stamp? (If you don’t know, answer this question with “I don’t know.”)

3. Should we subsidize postal operations with government funding? Why or why not?

THERE IS NO LONGER ONE IN EVERY TOWN

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Introduction

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➢ Technological changes will be unbelievable

➢ You need to focus on how they will change your personal and business life

➢ Don’t get caught up in only the technology itself

INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

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1. The Changing Internet

• Learning Outcome #1

2. Physiological Interaction

• Learning Outcome #2

3. The Wireless Arena

• Learning Outcome #3

4. Pure Technology

• Learning Outcome #4

CHAPTER ORGANIZATION

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The Changing Internet

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➢ Personal software-as-a-service (SaaS)

➢ Push, not pull, technologies and personalization

➢ F2b2C

➢ Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

➢ Web 3.0

THE CHANGING INTERNET

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➢ Personal software-as-a-service (SaaS)

– delivery model for personal productivity software in which you pay for software on a pay-per-use basis instead of buying the software outright

• Use any device anywhere to do anything

• Pay a small fee and store files on the Web

• Access those files later with other devices

• Makes use of personal SaaS provider

Personal Software-as-a-Service

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➢ What happens if the Web site of your personal SaaS provider goes down?

➢ How comfortable are you storing all your information on the Web?

Personal Software-as-a-Service

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Personal Software-as-a-Service

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➢ We originally lived in a “pull” environment

• You visited Web sites and request information, products, and services

➢ We are moving towards a future complete “push” environment

➢ Push technology

• environment in which businesses come to you with information, services, and product offerings based on your profile

➢ Businesses know so much about you that they can tailor and customize offerings

Push, Not Pull, Technologies and Personalization

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➢ Consider a GPS cell phone and a movie rental store that monitors where you are

• A system will determine if there any movies you like but haven’t seen

• The system will call you on your cell phone

➢ Google already tells you about the weather and traffic in your area

• We are not far away from a complete GPS push world

Push, Not Pull, Technologies and Personalization

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Push, Not Pull, Technologies and Personalization

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➢ The business (small b) is only an intermediary between the consumer (capital C) and the factory (capital F)

➢ New e-commerce business model

➢ F2b2C, Factory-to-business-to-Consumer

• a consumer communicates through a business on the Internet and directly provides product specifications to a factory that makes the customized and personalized product to the consumer’s specifications and then ships it directly to the consumer

F2b2C

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➢ Disintermediation – the use of the Internet as a delivery vehicle, whereby intermediate players in a distribution channel can be bypassed

➢ We can buy almost anything without intermediaries:

• Travels

• Furniture

• Clothes

• And the list goes on

F2b2C

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➢ Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) – allows you to send voice communications over the Internet and avoid the toll charges that you would normally receive from your long distance carrier

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

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➢ Web 3.0 • We are getting there. Consider it a personal assistant. • Semantic web – complete answers based on questions

▪ Natural language search • Artificial intelligence - learn your preferences and be less specific

in the future • 3D Graphics – Virtual reality • Connectivity • Ubiquity • Data-mining • Microformats

Web 3.0

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➢ Web 3.0 technology advances

• TV-quality video

• 3D simulations

• Augmented reality

o viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers added to it

▪ Watching football on TV and seeing first down lines that run across the field

Web 3.0

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Physiological Interaction

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➢ Physical Interfaces

• Keyboard

• Mice

• Game controllers

• Touchscreens

➢ Physiological interfaces

ocapture and use your real body characteristics

• Voice

• Fingerprints

• Iris scan

PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION

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➢ Automatic speech recognition (ASR) – not only captures spoken words but also distinguishes word groupings to form sentences

1. Feature analysis – captures words and converts them into phonemes (syllables)

2. Pattern classification – matches phonemes to words in an acoustic model database

3. Language processing – makes sense of what you’re saying by choosing the best words

Automatic Speech Recognition

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➢ Virtual reality – three-dimensional computer simulation in which you actively and physically participate

➢ Devices

Virtual Reality

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• Glove or controller – input device; captures instructions, movement and strength of your hands and fingers

• Headset (head-mounted display) – I/O device; captures your head movement; screen covers your field of vision

• Walker – input device; captures movement of your feet as you walk or turn

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➢ Matsushita – design your own virtual kitchen

➢ Volvo – demonstrate car safety features

➢ Airlines – train pilots for adverse weather conditions

➢ Motorola – train assembly line workers

➢ Health care

• Train doctors in surgery on virtual cadavers

• Therapeutic applications, such as PTSD or regaining mobility

Virtual Reality Applications

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➢ Gaming

• PlayStation VR

• Gear brands: Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, Samsung Gear VR

➢ 3D Digital Art – Oculus Story Studio Quill

➢ Performance training (STRIVR) – Football or corporate training

➢ Architecture, Interior Design (LHB Corp)

➢ Distractors

• For patients undergoing a procedure

• Passengers on a ship, or flying

Virtual Reality Applications

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➢ Cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE)

• special 3-D virtual reality room that can display images of people and objects in other CAVEs

➢ These are holographic devices

➢ Holographic device – creates, captures, and/or displays images in 3-D form

Cave Automatic Virtual Environment

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Cave Automatic Virtual Environment

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➢ Visit friends and family without getting on an airplane

➢ Customer service – the agent will appear next to you when you make a call

➢ The possibilities are limitless

➢ Applications as of now: • Product development • Prototyping • Learning • Automotive design (Acura, Chrysler, Ford, Honda, Hyundai) • Pfizer uses it for molecule analysis

➢ Example of a CAVE in use: Kave

Cave Automatic Virtual Environment

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➢ Haptic interface otechnology to add the sense of touch to an environment that

previously only had visual and textual elements

• Stationary jet ski arcade game in which the jet ski moves and rocks

• Joysticks and game controllers that provide feedback in the form of vibration

• Wii, which has revolutionized the home video game market

• iPhone’s Taptic Engine

• Medical simulation

Haptic Interfaces

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➢ Biometrics • the use of physiological characteristics – fingerprint, iris, voice

sound, and even breath – to provide identification

➢ That’s the narrow definition

➢ Might also create custom-fitting clothes using biometrics

➢ Adidas’ SpeedFactory close to delivering shoes tailored to an individual • Yeti 3D is a powerful scanner for patients’ feet

➢ Iovado, a luxury Italian shoe store, was on KickStarter looking for funding

Biometrics

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➢ Best security is 3-step

1. What you know (password)

2. What you have (card of some sort)

3. Who you are (biometric)

➢ Today’s systems (ATMs for example) use only the first two

➢ One reason why identity theft is so high

Biometric Security

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➢ TPS – captures events of a transaction

➢ Biometric processing system – captures information about you, perhaps…

• Weight loss

• Pregnancy

• Use of drugs

• Alcohol level

• Vitamin deficiencies

Integrating Biometrics with Transaction Processing

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Integrating Biometrics with Transaction Processing

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➢ Is this ethical?

➢ Can banks use ATMs and determine if you’ve been drinking?

➢ How will businesses of the future use biometric information?

▪ Ethically?

▪ Or otherwise?

Integrating Biometrics with Transaction Processing

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➢ Biochip – chip that can perform physiological functions

➢ Implant chip – microchip implanted into the human body that stores information about you for tracking (GPS)

➢ Facial recognition software – provides identification by evaluating facial characteristics

• Already used at airports

• London uses it, NYC might start soon

Other Biometric Devices

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The Wireless Arena

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➢ Provides tremendous mobility

➢ Will dramatically change everything

➢ Bluetooth – short-range communication of about 30 feet

➢ Wi-Fi – longer-range communication of up to about several miles

➢ Near Field Communication – wireless technology for mainly mobile phones • Based on electromagnetic induction

THE WIRELESS ARENA

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➢ Internal storage up to 64Gb (2Gb when the book was written)

• External storage up to 256Gb

➢ Processor capability of about 2.4Ghz and speeding up

➢ Native music and video support

➢ Multiple applications

➢ Biometric systems

➢ Haptic interfaces

Smartphones

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➢ Fifth Generation of Mobile Wireless Communications

➢ Speed: max 20Gbps downlink and 10Gbps uplink

• Around 100Mbsp and 50Mbsp respectively expected

• 4G: 300Mbsp max

➢ Lower Latency of 1 to 4 milliseconds

• 4G: 50 milliseconds

➢ One million devices per square kilometer

• 4G: 100,000 devices per Km2

5G

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➢ RFID (radio frequency identification) – uses a chip in a tag or label to store information, and information is transmitted from, or written to, the tag or label when the chip is exposed to the correct frequency of radio waves

RFID

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➢ Basic Components

• Integrated circuit – stores and processes information

• Antenna – receives and transmit the signal

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➢ RFID can be

• Passive – only activate with the energy received from reader

• Battery-assisted passive – actives with the reader but obtains its power from the onboard batter

• Active – Have a battery and transmit periodically

➢ Antenna absorbs radio waves and stores as energy

➢ When enough energy is stored, the chip is “jolted” to life and information transmissions occur

RFID

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RFID

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➢ Toll devices

➢ Exxon Mobil Speedpass – Already has an app

➢ Anti-theft car keys

➢ Library book tracking

➢ Livestock tracking

➢ Supply chain – most applications are here

➢ U.S. passports

RFID Applications

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Pure Technologies

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➢ Nanotechnology

➢ Multistate CPUs

➢ Holographic storage devices

PURE TECHNOLOGIES

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➢ Nanotechnology – discipline that seeks to control matter at the atomic and sub-atomic levels for the purpose of building devices on the same small scale

• Carbon nanotubes in racquets and golf clubs

• Sunscreens

• Muscle fibers

• Pollution cleaning

• Water-resistant clothing

• Nano-scale drugs for targeted treatments

Nanotechnology

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• Batteries

• Nano-factories

• Nano-robots

• Further reduce storage and electronic components

Nanotechnology: The Future

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➢ Right now, CPUs are binary-state (0 and 1)

➢ Multi-state CPU – works with information represented in more than just 2 states, probably 10 states with each state representing a number from 0 through 9

➢ This will make small computers very fast

Multi-State CPUs

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➢ Holographic storage device – stores information on a storage medium that is composed of 3-D crystal-like objects with many sides or faces

➢ Crystal 5D – Technology developed by the University of South Hampton

Holographic Storage Devices

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• 5D achieved by:

o 3-dimensional position

o Angle from which it is seen

o Magnification of the microscope

• 360Tb per disk

• Survives at 1,000°C

• Created with quartz nanostructures

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Final Considerations

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➢ The necessity of technology

➢ Closing the great digital divide

➢ Technology for the betterment of society

➢ Exchanging privacy for convenience

➢ Ethics, ethics, ethics

MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS

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➢ It’s everywhere

➢ It’s inescapable

➢ It’s up to you how it gets used

The Necessity of Technology

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➢ There are technology-challenged countries and cultures

➢ You must take technology to those places

Closing the Great Digital Divide

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➢ Businesses use IT to make money and that is okay

➢ Technology can also be used when no money is to be made; and that is great

➢ Many medical applications of IT will never make any money

Technology for the Betterment of Society

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➢ You do this everyday in small ways

➢ Be careful

➢ Do not give up too much privacy

Exchanging Privacy for Convenience

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➢ Ethics are essential

➢ Our society cannot operate without them

➢ Use technology wisely

• For financial gain

• But never to the detriment of other people

Ethics, Ethics, Ethics

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1. 3D and holograms

2. More outrageous industry transformations

3. And a child shall lead them

4. The overnight million dollar app

5. IPO mania

6. Digital money

7. Web 3.0

Making Predictions

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8. It won’t be the Facebooks, the Googles at the top

9. Clouds

10. The 140-character communication standard

11. Smartphones and tablets

12. Analytics

13. Empire of one – outsource everything else

Making Predictions

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Questions?

Thank you!